unit2 全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程3.ppt

br_main,englishsongabraham,martinhewastheyoungesttodie.,br_peopleinthesong3,2.johnf.kennedy,johnfitzgeraldkennedywasthethirty-fifthpresidentoftheus.inhisinauguraladdress(就职演说)hesaid:“asknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyouaskwhatyoucandoforyourcountry.”aspresident,hetookvigorousactioninthecauseofequalrights,callingfornewcivilrightslegislation.,dr.kingwasapivotal(关键)figureinthecivilrightsmovement.hislecturesanddialoguesstirred(激起)theconcernandsparkedtheconscienceofageneration.inoneofhisspeeches,hesaid,“ihaveadreamthatmyfourchildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudged,judgedbythecoloroftheirskin,butbythecontentoftheircharacter.ihaveadreamtoday.ihaveadreamthat.onedayrightthereinalabama,littleblackboysandblackgirlswillbeabletojoinhandswiththelittlewhiteboysandwhitegirlsassistersandbrothers.ihaveadreamtoday.”,br_peopleinthesong4,3.martinlutherking,dr.kingwasshotwhilestandingonthebalconyofthelorrainemotelinmemphis,tennesseeonapril4,1968.dr.kingwasinmemphistohelpleadsanitationworkersinaprotestagainstlowwagesandintolerableworkingconditions.,br_peopleinthesong5,kennedyenforcedafederalcourtorderadmittingthefirstafricanamericanstudentjamesmeredithtotheuniversityofmississippi.theriot(暴动)thathadfollowedmeredithsregistration(注册)hadlefttwodeadandhundredsinjured.robertkennedysawvotingasthekey,br_peopleinthesong6,4.bobbykennedy,bobbykennedyorrobertf.kennedy,wasthebrotherofpresidentjohnf.kennedy.hewasappointedattorneygeneral(司法部长)oftheunitedstatesintheearly1960s.inseptember1962,attorneygeneral,toracial(种族的)justice(正义)andcollaborated(合作)withpresidentkennedywhenheproposedthemostfar-reachingcivilrightsstatutesincereconstruction,thecivilrightsactof1964,passedafterpresidentkennedywasslainonnovember22,1963.robertfranciskennedywasslainonjune5,1968attheambassadorhotelinlosangeles,california.hewas42yearsold.althoughhislifewascutshort,robertkennedysvisionandidealsliveontoday.,br_peopleinthesong7,1.whatisanundergroundrailroadinthenormalsense?2.whatisthisundergroundrailroadspecialfor?3.canyouimaginewhatthisrailroadwasbuiltfor?,br_textprediction1,textprediction,readtheintroductorypartofthetextandthinkaboutthefollowingquestions.,in2004acenterinhonorofthe“undergroundrailroad”opensincincinnati.therailroadwasunusual.itsoldnoticketsandhadnotrains.yetitcarriedthousandsofpassengerstothedestinationoftheirdreams.,br_textprediction2,4.whatprobablyarethedreamsofthepassengers?5.whatprobablyisthedestinationoftheirdreams?6.whatisthetextprobablyabout?,br_mapreading1,mapreading,readthefollowingthreemapsandanswerthefollowingquestions.,clicktoseebigpicture.,br_mapreading2,1.findthefollowingstates:,alabama,arkansas,florida,georgia,louisiana,mississippi,northcarolina,southcarolina,tennessee,texas,virginia.,2.whichstatesaremostdenselypopulatedwithslaves?,whichpartdothesestatesbelongto,thenorthernstatesorthesouthernstates?,3.wheredidmostslaveswanttogo?,br_mapreading3,br_mapreading4,br_mapreading5,br_timelineofslavery1,timelineofslavery,1619slavesinvirginiaafricansbroughttojamestownarethefirstslavesimportedintobritainsnorthamericancolonies.1705slavesaspropertydescribingslavesasrealestate,virginialawmakersallowedownerstobequeaththeirslaves.thesamelawallowedmastersto“killanddestroy”runaways.,br_timelineofslavery2,1775americanrevolutionbeganbattlesatthemassachusettstownsoflexingtonandconcordonapril19sparkedthewarforamericanindependencefrombritain.1776declarationofindependencethecontinentalcongressasserted“thattheseunitedcoloniesare,andofrightoughttobefreeandindependentstates”.,br_timelineofslavery3,1783americanrevolutionendedbritainandtheinfantunitedstatessignedthepeaceofparistreaty.1808unitedstatesbannedslavetradeimportingafricanslaveswasoutlawed,butsmugglingcontinued.1860abrahamlincolnelectedabrahamlincolnofillinoisbecamethefirstrepublicantowintheunitedstatespresidency.,br_timelineofslavery4,18611865unitedstatescivilwarfouryearsofbrutalconflictclaimed623,000lives.1863theemancipationproclamationpresidentabrahamlincolndecreedthatallslavesinrebelterritorywerefreeonjanuary1,1863.1865slaveryabolishedthe13thamendmenttotheunitedstatesconstitutionoutlawedslavery.,theundergroundrailroadwasnotunderground.becauseescapingslavesandthepeoplewhohelpedthemweretechnicallybreakingthelaw,theyhadtostayoutofsight.theywent“underground”intermsofconcealingtheiractions.sometimestheyevenhidinunusualplaces.manycleverandcreativeideashelpedslavesduringtheirescape.whenabolitionist(废奴主义者)johnfairfieldneededtosneak(偷偷摸摸地进行)28slavesovertheroadsnearcincinnati,hehiredahearse(灵车)anddisguisedthegroupasafuneralprocession.,br_theundergroundrailroad1,theundergroundrailroad,1.generalinformation,br_theundergroundrailroad2,henry“box”brown,aslave,hadhimselfshippedfromrichmondtophiladelphiainawoodenbox.,2.routestofreedom,theroutestheslavestraveledappearinthismap.thetripis560miles(900kilometers)long.astrong,luckyrunawaymighthavemadeittofreedomintwomonths.forothers,especiallyinbadweather,thetrek(跋涉)mighthavelastedayear.,br_theundergroundrailroad3,br_theundergroundrailroad4,br_theundergroundrailroad5,uncletomscabin,writtenbyharrietbeecherstowe,isoneofthemostfamousandpopularpiecesofcivilwarliterature.drawnfromselectedpiecesofreallifeanecdotes,uncletomscabinwasabookthatdrewmanypeopleintothefightovertheinstitutionofslavery.northernershailed(欢呼)thebook,whilesouthernslaveholdersabhorredit.,br_uncletomscabin,uncletomscabin,gr_main,trueorfalse,partdivisionofthetext,furtherunderstanding,gr_furtherunderstanding,furtherunderstanding,textanalysis,questionsandanswers,gr_trueorfalse1,trueorfalse,1.justlikeuncletominuncletomscabin,josiahhensonwasalong-sufferingslavewhowasunwillingtostandupforhimself.,f,accordingtobarbaracarter,josiahhensonwasamanofprincipleandtotallydifferentfromuncletom.,(),2.allthemenandwomenwhoforgedtheundergroundrailroadwereblacks.,f,somewhitesweredrivenbyreligiousconvictionsandtookpartinthismovement.,(),gr_trueorfalse2,3.theserailroadconductorswerefrequentlyfacedwithdeaththreatsandwarningsfromthelocalgovernment.,t,(),4.manyfugitiveschosecanadaastheirprimarydestinationbecauseslaveryhadbeenabolishedthere.,t,(),gr_partdivisionofthetext,partdivisionofthetext,parts,para(s),mainideas,1,15,itishightimetohonortheheroeswhohelpedliberateslavesbyforgingtheundergroundrailroadintheearlycivil-rightsstrugglesinamerica.,2,623,bycitingexamplestheauthorpraisestheexploitsofcivil-rightsheroeswhohelpedslavestraveltheundergroundrailroadtofreedom.,gr_questionsandanswers1,questionsandanswers,uncletomwasanenduringslaveandunwillingtostruggleforhimself,whilejosiahhensondidwhathebelievedwasrightandtookanactivepartintheanti-slaverymovement.,1.bothjosiahhensonanduncletomwereslaves.butintheeyesofbarbaracarter,theyweredifferent.inwhatwaywasjosiahhensondifferentfromuncletom?,gr_questionsandanswers2,inthebible,moseswastheleaderwhobroughttheisraelitesoutofslaveryinegyptandledthemtothepromisedland.justlikemoses,hensonhelpedhundredsofslavesescapetocanadaandliberty,sohewascalledanafrican-americanmoses.,2.whywashensoncalledanafrican-americanmoses?,theundergroundrailroadwasasecretwebofescaperoutesandsafehouses.manymenandwomen,includingboththeblacksandwhites,togetherforgedit.,3.whatwastheundergroundrailroad?whoforgedit?,gr_questionsandanswers3,becausemostofthemremaintoolittlerememberedandtheirexploitsarestilllargelyunsung.,4.whydoestheauthorwanttotellthereadersthestoriesoftheheroesoftheundergroundrailroad?,gr_textanalysis1,textanalysis,inthispart,theauthortellsthestoriesofthreecivil-rightsheroes.whoarethey?givethemainideaofeachstory.,stories,mainideas,1,afterwinninghisownfreedomfromslavery,johnparkerhelpedotherslavesescapenorthtocanadatogetfreedom.,heroes,para(s),johnparker,610,gr_textanalysis2,stories,mainideas,3,supportedbyastrongreligiousconviction,thewhitemanlevicoffinhelpedblackslavesescapeathugerisktohimself.,heroes,para(s),josiahhenson,1623,2,levicoffin,1115,bytravelingtheundergroundrailroad,josiahhensonreachedhisdestinationandbecamefreeatlast.,agentlebreezesweptthecanadianplainsasisteppedoutsidethesmalltwo-storyhouse.alongsidemewasaslenderwomaninablackdress,myguidebacktoatimewhenthesurroundingsettlementindresden,ontario,washometoaheroinamericanhistory.aswewalkedtowardaplaingraychurch,barbaracarterspoke,proudlyofhergreat-great-grandfather,josiahhenson.“hewasconfidentthatthecreatorintendedallmentobecreatedequal.andhenevergaveupstrugglingforthatfreedom.”,dr_text1,thefreedomgivers,fergusm.bordewich,cartersdevotiontoherancestorisaboutmorethanpersonalpride:itisaboutfamilyhonor.forjosiahhensonhaslivedonthroughthecharacterinamericanfictionthathehelpedinspire:uncletom,thelong-sufferingslaveinharrietbeecherstowesuncletomscabin.ironically,thatcharacterhascometosymbolizeeverythinghensonwasnot.aracialselloutunwillingtostandupforhimself?cartergetsangryatthethought.“josiahhensonwasamanofprinciple,”shesaidfirmly.,dr_text2,ihadtraveledheretohensonslasthomenowahistoricsitethatcarterformerlydirectedtolearnmoreaboutamanwhowas,inmanyways,anafrican-americanmoses.afterwinninghisownfreedomfromslavery,hensonsecretlyhelpedhundredsofotherslavestoescapenorthtocanadaandliberty.manysettledhereindresdenwithhim.yetthisstopwasonlypartofamuchlargermissionforme.josiahhensonisbutonenameonalonglistofcourageousmenandwomenwhotogetherforgedtheundergroundrailroad,asecretwebofescaperoutesandsafehousesthattheyusedtoliberateslavesfromtheamericansouth.between1820and1860,asmanyas100,000slavestraveledtherailroadtofreedom.,dr_text3,dr_text4,inoctober2000,presidentclintonauthorized$16millionforthenationalundergroundrailroadfreedomcentertohonorthisfirstgreatcivil-rightsstruggleintheu.s.,thecenterisscheduledtoopenin2004incincinnati.anditsabouttime.fortheheroesoftheundergroundrailroadremaintoolittleremembered,theirexploitsstilllargelyunsung.iwasintentontellingtheirstories.,dr_text5,johnparkertensedwhenheheardthesoftknock.peeringouthisdoorintothenight,herecognizedthefaceofatrustedneighbor.“theresapartyofescapedslaveshidinginthewoods,inkentucky,twentymilesfromtheriver,”themanwhisperedurgently.parkerdidnthesitate.“illgo,”hesaid,pushingapairofpistolsintohispockets.,bornaslavetwodecadesbefore,inthe1820s,parkerhadbeentakenfromhismotheratageeightandforcedtowalkinchainsfromvirginiatoalabama,wherehewassoldontheslavemarket.determinedtolivefreesomeday,hemanagedtogettrainedinironmolding.eventuallyhesavedenoughmoneyworkingatthistradeonthesidetobuyhisfreedom.now,byday,parkerworkedinanironfoundryintheohioportofripley.bynighthewasa“conductor”ontheundergroundrailroad,helpingpeopleslipbytheslavehunters.inkentucky,wherehewasnowheaded,therewasa$1000rewardforhiscapture,deadoralive.,dr_text6,crossingtheohioriveronthatchillynight,parkerfoundtenfugitivesfrozenwithfear.“getyourbundlesandfollowme,”hetoldthem,leadingtheeightmenandtwowomentowardtheriver.theyhadalmostreachedshore,dr_text7,parkersawasmallboatand,withashout,pushedtheescapingslavesintoit.therewasroomforallbuttwo.astheboatslidacrosstheriver,parkerwatchedhelplesslyasthepursuersclosedinaroundthemenhewasforcedtoleavebehind.,shorewhenawatchmanspottedthemandracedofftospreadthenews.,theothersmadeittotheohioshore,whereparkerhurriedlyarrangedforawagontotakethemtothenext“station”ontheundergroundrailroadthefirstlegoftheirjourneytosafetyincanada.overthecourseofhislife,johnparkerguidedmorethan400slavestosafety.whileblackconductorswereoftenmotivatedbytheirownpainfulexperiences,whiteswerecommonlydrivenbyreligiousconvictions.levicoffin,aquakerraisedinnorthcarolina,explained,“thebible,inbiddingustofeedthehungryandclothethenaked,saidnothingaboutcolor.”,dr_text8,dr_text9,inthe1820scoffinmovedwesttonewport(nowfountaincity),indiana,whereheopenedastore.wordspreadthatfleeingslavescouldalwaysfindrefugeatthecoffinhome.attimesheshelteredasmanyas17fugitivesatonce,andhekeptateamandwagonreadytoconveythemonthenextlegoftheirjourney.eventuallythreeprincipalroutesconvergedatthecoffinhouse,whichcametobethegrandcentralterminaloftheundergroundrailroad.,dr_text10,forhisefforts,coffinreceivedfrequentdeaththreatsandwarningsthathisstoreandhomewouldbeburned.nearlyeveryconductorfacedsimilarrisksorworse.inthenorth,amagistratemighthaveimposedafineorabriefjailsentenceforaidingthoseescaping.inthesouthernstates,whitesweresentencedtomonthsorevenyearsinjail.onecourageousmethodistminister,calvinfairbank,wasimprisonedformorethan17yearsinkentucky,wherehekeptalogofhisbeatings:35,105stripeswiththewhip.,asfortheslaves,escapemeantajourneyofhundredsofmilesthroughunknowncountry,wheretheywereusuallyeasytorecognize.withnoroadsignsandfewmaps,theyhadtoputtheirtrustindirectionspassedbywordofmouthandinsecretsignsnailsdrivenintotrees,forexamplethatconductorsusedtomarktheroutenorth.,manyslavestraveledundercoverofnight,theirfacessometimescakedwithwhitepowder.quakersoftendressedtheir“passengers,”bothmaleandfemale,ingraydresses,deepbonnetsand,andfullveils.ononeoccasion,levicoffinwastransportingsomanyrunawayslavesthathedisguisedthemasafuneralprocession.,dr_text11,dr_text12,canadawastheprimarydestinationformanyfugitives.slaveryhadbeenabolishedtherein1833,andcanadianauthoritiesencouragedtherunawaystosettletheirvastvirginland.amongthemwasjosiahhenson.asaboyinmaryland,hensonwatchedashisentirefamilywassoldtodifferentbuyers,andhesawhismotherharshlybeatenwhenshetriedtokeephimwithher.makingthebestofhislot,hensonworkeddiligentlyandrosefarinhisownersregard.,dr_text13,moneyproblemseventuallycompelledhismastertosendhenson,hiswifeandchildrentoabrotherinkentucky.afterlaboringthereforseveralyears,hensonheardalarmingnews:thenewmasterwasplanningtosellhimforplantationworkfarawayinthedeepsouth.theslavewouldbeseparatedforeverfromhisfamily.therewasonlyoneanswer:flight.“iknewthenorthstar,”hensonwroteyearslater.“likethestarofbethlehem,itannouncedwheremysalvationlay.”,athugerisk,hensonandhiswifesetoffwiththeirfourchildren.twoweekslater,starvingandexhausted,thefamilyreachedcincinnati,wheretheymadecontactwithmembersoftheundergroundrailroad.“carefullytheyprovidedforourwelfare,andthentheysetusthirtymilesonourwaybywagon.”thehensonscontinuednorth,arrivingatlastinbuffalo,n.y.thereafriendlycaptainpointedacrosstheniagarariver.“doyouseethosetrees?hesaid.theygrowonfreesoil.”hegavehensonadollarandarrangedforaboat,whichcarriedtheslaveandhisfamilyacrosstherivertocanada.,dr_text14,“ithrewmyselfontheground,rolledinthesandanddancedaround,till,intheeyesofseveralwhowerepresent,ipassedforamadman.hessomecrazyfellow,saidacolonelwarren.”“oh,no!dontyouknow?imfree!”,dr_text15,dr_sentence1_josiahhensonwas,paraphrasethesentence.,josiahhensonobserved/followedmoralprinciples.,josiahhensonwasamanofprinciple.,dr_sentence2_ihadtraveled,1.whowasmoses?,intheoldtestament,moseswasthehebrewprophetandlawgiverwholedtheisraelitesoutofegypt.,ihadtraveledheretohensonslasthomenowahistoricsitethatcarterformerlydirectedtolearnmoreaboutamanwhowas,inmanyways,anafrican-americanmoses.,2.whywashensoncalledanafrican-americanmoses?,henson,ablackwholivedinamerica,helpedotherblacksescapefromtheus.,dr_sentence3_josiahhensonis,josiahhensonisbutonenameonalonglistofcourageousmenandwomenwhotogetherforgedtheundergroundrailroad,whatisthepartofspeechofbutinthissentence?andwhatdoesbutmean?,herebutisanadverb,whichmeans“only”.,dr_sentence5_eventuallyhesaved,translatethesentenceintochinese.,后来他终于靠这门手艺攒够钱赎回了自由。,eventuallyhesavedenoughmoneyworkingatthistradeonthesidetobuyhisfreedom.,dr_sentence5_eventuallyhesaved,paraphrasethesentence.,inkentucky,wherehewasnowheaded,therewasa$1000rewardforhiscapture,deadoralive.,inkentucky,anyonewhocapturedhim,nomatterhewasdeadoralive,wouldberewarded$1000andnowhewasgoingtokentucky.,dr_sentence7_therewasroom,therewasroomforallbuttwo.,whatdoesbutmean?whatisthepartofspeechofbutinthissentence?,herebutisapreposition,whichmeans“except”.,dr_sentence8_theothersmade,1.whatdoesmadeitmean?,makeitmeans“succeedindoingsomething”.heremadeitmeans“arrived(attheohioshore)”.,theothersmadeittotheohioshore,whereparkerhurriedlyarrangedforawagontotakethemtothenext“station”ontheundergroundrailroadthefirstlegoftheirjourneytosafetyincanada.,2.whatdoeslegmean?,legmeans“astageofajourneyorcourse”.forexample,thelastlegoftheflight(飞行中的最后一段路程).,dr_sentence8_theothersmade,whatisaquaker?,levicoffin,aquakerraisedinnorthcarolina,aquakerisanymemberofthesocietyoffriends,areligiousgroupestablishedinenglandinthe1650sbygeorgefox.theywereoriginallycalledquakersbecausememberswerethoughtto“quake”orshakewithreligiousexcitement.quakersworshipchristwithoutanyformalceremonyorfixedbeliefs,andtheirmeetingsofteninvolvesilentthoughtorprayer.theyarestronglyopposedtoviolenceandwar,andareactiveineducationandcharitywork.,dr_sentence9_makingthebest,1.whatdoeslotmeaninthissentence?,makingthebestofhislot,hensonworkeddiligentlyandrosefarinhisownersregard.,lotmeans“onesfortuneinlife,fate”.,2.paraphrase“rosefarinhisownersregard”.,hewasregardedhighlybyhisowner.,dr_word_breeze1,breeze:n.,agentlewind,agentlebreezeblewoverthegarden.,凉爽清新的微风,acool,refreshingbreeze,allofthefollowingwordsarerelatedtowind.canyoumatchthemwiththeirdefinitions?,nb:,hurricane,dr_word_breeze2,astrong,abruptrushofwindaverystrongwindaseveretropicalcyclone,usu.involvingheavyrainsarotatingcolumnofair,gust,gale,tornado,dr_word_slender1,1.(ofpeople)slim;notverywidebutcomparativelylongorhigh,slenderfingers,slender:adj.,2.(ofthings)slight;inadequate,有苗条身材的女子,awomanwithaslenderfigure,aslenderwaist,渺茫的希望,slenderhopes,aslenderincome,dr_word_slender2,slender,thinsupportsb./sth,dontbeafraidtostandupforyourrights.,我所有的朋友都会支持我。,allmyfriendswillstandupforme.,asoldiermuststanduptothedanger.,士兵必须敢于面对危险。,standupto:toopposefearlessly;tobear,tolast,你的论点根本经不起仔细检查。,yourargumentjustwontstanduptoclosescrutiny.,dr_word_principle1,aruleorstandard,especiallyofgoodbehavior,iusuallyfollowtheprinciplethatitisbetternottogetinvolvedinotherpeoplesquarrels.,principle:n.,shewasawomanofprinciple.,我们恪守人人都应受到公平对待的原则。,weadheretotheprinciplethateveryoneshouldbetreatedfairly.,dr_word_principle2,collocation：,违反原则,againstonesprinciple,作为原则性问题,asamatterofprinciple,按照原则，根据原则,byprinciple,有原则的,ofprinciple,坚持原则,adheretoonesprinciples,抛弃原则,abandononesprinciple