（传播学专业论文）挪威媒体法规及其监管方式特点初探.pdf

? i ? ? ?!? ?#?$%? ?abcde ?fgh ?ijk?l8mnh?k?opqrs8mntuvwhxy?z? 8t?_abce ?8?de? ,f?g?hjlh ijk?lm8nop?-f?9:q?bc abstract ii abstract in this paper, we start from three main research levels: first, we introduce norwegian media laws and its regulatory agencies; second, we introduce the main content of three norwegian media laws (the media ownership act, broadcasting act of 4 dec. 1992 no 127 and regulations no. 153 of 28 february 1997 relating to broadcasting); third, we take a preliminary study on its regulatory characteristics. the study found that norway is a media society to an extreme degree. norways media industry has a very strong sense of social responsibility. they believe that their most important duty is to ensure freedom of expression. the main features of norwegian media legislation are as follows: 1.the institutionalization of the media regulations and regulatory bodies .the norwegian media legislation guarantees the independence of regulatory authorities. 2. content-targeted regulation. norwegian media legislation clearly defines the responsibilities of regulatory and supervisory standards, penalties, and related information will be open to the public, has a strong operational. 3. norways supervision is based on an open field of vision, focusing on protecting the diversity of european culture, and also attached great importance to protection of local culture. key wordsnorwegian media legislation regulatory characteristics freedom of expression ? 1 ? ? ? ? ? ? !? #$?%?a?bcde-?f? ghijklm?n?o?,?p*qhijk?r ? qhijkstuv ?r ? qwxjkhiymzs?r ? qwxymzsz?wx_ jkab?c,r ? q*djk?e?c,rfghe-ijklmnyln? ?o- pq?%?*“?o?(?n?- ?,?pfl ?,;?“?o-z?,?3*? ?0?*?o?“?o?-f?qhijk? ?r?8 ?hij?jkfl ?hijkab?m? ab?tu?i?*5?ab8 ?|? ?n? ?s? ? ? 2 f? ? =? !,;?,?tu?p?- ?. #$?/)*“?%?(?) ?0?*?n,?#+,-z-.(?8/0ti?h1?8 ?23?45h1?6789:?h1?;?;?e?,?fabc1?q?hi jk,?r -d?nv?ef?gh?-.?ij?kl?f? ,?s?=e-?1fg?y?%? ? 4 n*e?yl?f?vo?fxm?q?f ?r nno ? ?ph?qqhi?r nno ?*?r? ?ijs?hi?q?f?_i?r nnt ? ? q?z? 8?u?bv?*?wsxyr nnz ?-*,?qqhi “?r nnz ?_?q?.al_?r nnt ?*? ?b-d?=nv?1? nm-?d?nv?p?k?-.?-/ 0?1?-.?f?p?x?b?/)*+?-.? ?,?*)*?-.?,?67+?o?- d*?c?v?-.?,?bzdef?/)*? z*b?o?-p?o?*8?q?f?_i?r nnt ? ? q?z?8?u?bv?*?wsxyr nnz ? ?g*? g1?qh_?r nnz ? ?+1?q%|r nnt ? ?ie ?-.?gs?t?-?7?-.? ? ?-.?uvofi w x?y?vw?-.?,?fi w?*qz?k5?-. %r nnz? ? q-.p?|r nnn?d?lm?-.?, ?b-/)*?-.?,?- ? ? ?e?=?-?f?qh1,r ?4h?nnz ?p?-?uo?f?h1?aw? ?a(?n?“?o?mo,?-lf?*?%?p? ?l?-?7?p?,?s?uv-? 10%? ? !#$? 20 %? ?abcd20ef?8?8#gh?45?i?hjk# l 1 m?nop;qrst 7 *- ? -.?”hi?l?qq?.”?-.hi?l?n? hi?o-1993 ?-.?”hi?l p4 c?h1? ?hi-?-.hi?l?bd?g?mwg p1?p2 ? p3? -? 2005 ?-.?”jk?c? kanal24-so1? ?jk? *eyljk?- ”hijk?l?h1? ?- z-.hi?l?hijk?!x* y- ?$?u“?v4?-.hijk?k?g?_?%?-. ?hijk?- /0? ?-.hi?ld?”?hi?l? pabi4? 0?hi? *?x?f- ? ? !#$%qrst 9 ?*?fi xhi?l?-.?el%?-.h i?lnrk?g?nm?fi x-? ?op? ?abcdef ?-.?ph/?y?soy?u? ? n?$-?1lv?b?ou?-.p?el%-.?p?|? ?z|?z|?b-.?p?z|so9:;?dfi fl ? p?|-?p?z|?s?1qp?| ? 1969 ?- $? d 1980 ? -.?p?|- d 1987 ?-.p?9?p?|- -.?p?$b?j?y?nt?y?p?“ ?a?e?ef?ef?e? ?#?y?a?y?“? ?efy?# l 1 m?nop;qrst 11 ?ylp?-p?/?s?a?-2006 ?-. ?z9:p?$ 2.52 b-.?c 3250 ? - f?mnb?2006 ?-.?9:p?|sw 3.02 b-.? c- ?-.?p?|?d#nu$oyln?n? elo?dz?,?w?#7-. ?n?-.?p?s?e?o?“?ep? fg?h%o?h?/?u?-.?qn*hi?jk?jb+?,?h?-.)* ?%-.?,?fi fl qjb?e f?,r act relating to films and videograms? ? qhi,? z ?r broadcasting act of 4 dec. 1992 no 127? ?qhi? o? ?rregulations no. 153 of 28 february 1997 relating to broadcasting?q-|,r the copyright act? ?x*fi fl hzw ?q?/*|,r the media ownership act? - -.tuzgv?s?w+?9cdv?jb-.)*%qrst 13 ?-.%?) -.?g?z?e?%?g“$?“?:? ?81.e?%?%?“?2.u?_?$ ?“?3.u?y?yl?(?n.?uyl? ?“? 4.u/*|?e?%- ?xp?,?j? ?- -.?,?%sox?the ministry of culture and church affairs?-.?the norwegian media authority? - ?http:/www.medietilsynet.no/en-gb/the-norwegian-media-authority/english-menu/the-politics/ ? 14 ?%sox?rp?%?the minister of culture? ?c? 1982 ?-. ?%?x?ox?*?%qrst 15 ?p?+sx?p?wk- ?j?,?x-?f?ghi?l_o,? pg?,;?-p?1b?,?n?1b? ?a#7?b?b?o?p?y?z?a?- z?,;?*x?-k?x-x|tfi fl 1? ?e?“?v?“?- ?g?-yh? ?t?-.?,?/?w?/*lm?,?x?s1lv ?8?o?“?)cg?#7?s?-1b,; xfl ?,;?- ? ? ?g?*?p?xin?yk4?, ?-?6?8?o?s?$|?* w?|?t- ? ? ?s?uv?jb?*bv/?(? ?zgv?p?o?|t-?gvg“?- ? ? ?* ? 16 x?“?,?- ?1bs?*?z?* /|?-/01b|?y?4?-? wk?-. ,?s?n?3l?,;stu?3 ?,?n?s?m?- 9:?uo?6?-.?j? ?p ?s?f?*?o-f?q?/*|,r? ?*?a?8?“?-p? ?us?“?v4x?n?- pq?,;?o?swx-?*?,;?o?-foi ?tq?/*|,r ?3?u?-.?/*|ef?”?o?g x8?the media directory www.medieregisteret.no? ?x?fi fl 8j? ?p?hi?jk?/?q?/*|,r?/*?q?/*|,r? ?*e? o?4?/*?p?“?“?y-/0?o ?3?i%? q?/*|,r?g?*x?- 1l?g?“i?tp?,*“?x?o?,;? ?tef- yh?,?guo?o?|?t?*? l 1 m?nop;qrst 17 ?dz-.?,?t?*?ro? f?q?/*|,r?/*|4?y?3? ,;?ef*?- ?+.ab0123?4567 ?;?the european union? ?;?c?a?“s? ?%?!o?-2007 ?oqqnk%?;?% ?yr ?4o?b?8“?;?%?e?%?%?w?my? %?=?“?p/“?s7?“?%c? ?c?-?/?x?,?o?3?n?yb?- ? ?x?n?t 3?mx? ?j”?x2007x ?j?t yj?“?jk?|z ?2007 8 ? 23 ?# www.chinamission.be/chn/sbgx/wh/zc/t1354708.html ? 18 ? q?;?|?r? 10 ?8 ?*s?|?-$|?fi fl $*?*fi fl ?yz?_?0? ?-$?y*?_?phi?jk?jb?“?- ?. ?3*?xk?kg?,;?-?bz? ,eff58 9:?omy?ef?4oq?”r green paper? ? qjka?r the television without frontiers directive? ? qef?fi xa? ?r ?audiovisual media services without frontiers directive? ? ?q? ?3?;?%?y?b?- pq?omy?x?*4o?x-f 1998 ? ? 1999-2004 ?qmy?n7wx?sqr action plan on promoting safe use on the internet?o/0-?r0o 2005-2007 ?qi?n?w x?mqr safer internet plus programme? - lq?dmyo?|?/? 2001 ?4oq? 2001 ? 29 ?r directive 2001/29/ec? - ?omys?ws?do?_i?x-1p?fi fl nnz ? ? q?t?s_i?y?r european parliament resolution on the implementation of the european union?s information and communication policy? ? nno ?4?q?;mq?7?;?sqr action plan to improve communicating europe by the commission? ? nn? ?“?q?;_i?x? ?”r white paper on a european communication policy?-. yh?67?81.?k?;?%?elo?*?=?s? ?%?w-(s“?2.7?x?,?v%?*?3.?=?$?z?_?n?k”? ?mys?;_?x- ? p?fi fl -.?p?x*?;?x?m ?i?|?j8(?y?z # ? 1990 ?yn? 1 ?z ,media 1- ?1995 ?yn? 2 ?z ,media 2- ?2005 ? yn?+?z ,media plus- ?2004 ?yn? 2007 ?z ,media 2007- # ?v?yj?noo?wxz3?# l 1 m?nop;qrst 19 ?w?-.? nzn ?co?;?cq?-non ? 1 z ?-.? ?rsoq?;?|?r?0?/zos?5?_wx-nnn ? o 1 ? -.?oq?-.,;?my?|y?,;r ?s,;? q?|?a |?r ? q?%|?r?q?;?|?r“?z -.?,?m?t- ?a? -.?z7q?;? |?r?*?,;g?-. /0?x?*?p?;?,? ?-?f?ntn ?q?;ujk?r the european convention on transfrontier television?;?ujkab(z?g?p?p? 8 ?ujkab?_?u?p*z?ym? |?u?3ss?_?- ? ? ?*?u$?%go- ?x?ybvop?“-9:?x ?el%-?_?g?e? ?-?u?ey?hg?“?*?e? ?_s-/?,?n?$o|o?-?f?nno ? ?x?q,l?”-mx?t?c?j”?x2000x ?y?t?j?n?a?z3?v? ?x? !pqmx?t?qj”?x2003x ?y?t?j?n?a?z3?v? ? 20 efc?o?g6jmq?22?e?%?/? bv-pq?uv?%?*m?ow?- ?f?-.?6?s?5ef?=p?- ?d? ?$?x-?ufi ?jk?|?x-f?kl ?x?3?,?|?lm- ?1?-.?x ?e-/0?kl?p*?|?-?9p?“?|- ?x?-.?,?3?so1?,;?*?sp?a?% ?-.?g?j? ?*eg?-?s ,n?z?fi ?dt?ib?oj? 1u?o-._?rs?-.?*fl o-.? ,?=us?-?n?-.eq?gh?ef?t? ?a5-?-.?=?y?-.?fg?3o?-1?-.?n5 ?6jks?-.?”?p?n?*|?n?*|rs? ?|?n?-?$?5?-.?%- ?s?jn?y?yln*?/*|y?significant ownership positions?s,;?t?j?-?u?/*|? ?9?n?n?*?+?h?- ? ?s,?4?th?-.?+?q?/*|,r? o?fl ?*78?s,?x*uo?/*?*i?% ?+?,a?/*|?%?s,?g?/ *|?%?yo?cross-ownership?/*|?f?g?n/*? *?g?/*|? ?s,?vu*|?fi fl p?hij?jk ?)*?w/0?convergence?- 2004 ?-.?q?/*|,r?o/0?/0? 2005 ? 1 1 ? ?t-/0? q?/*|,r?/*|?%vo?m?- ?n?+?|d 33%?wo 40%-/0?q?/*|,r? ?81.?p?/*|?2.?u ? ?*x?- 3.?o? “z?6mq?n6-4.?p,ef?tjw?- s-.q?/*|,rfl ?*?g?qg”?/*|,? ?act no 53 of 13 june 1997 relating to media ownership (the media ownership act) http:/www.eierskapstilsynet.no/engelsk/legislation/mediaownershipact ? ?/iris/2006/3/article34.en.html ? 22 (r ?guidelines for interventions pursuant to the media ownership act?5?n?6j?,?“?o-.q?/ *|,r?p?*x?*?/*|4? lq? q?/*|,r?/*|?p,ef?t? *?t?- ?d%opq;- qhi? 153 ?r?81.?“?7?2.?jkab?uv?c? ?3.?h1?h?4.*?ylhi?6?- -.hijk,?hijkrs?“?“?ab? 3?-pjk?-?;jk?o?-?*hi ?l“?i?h1-?3*?5?-.hi?l nrk ?“?abc=?z h?- ti?h1-?5?fi fl ?qhi,? 127 ?r?n?hi? l?h1c=?ti?*?gy?t?-1?t?7?h1f58 2223?45h1 ? 226789:?h1 ? 22;?;=?;?tui ?-?yh?hiab- “h?ab-.hi?l nrk ?“?zh?5ab?i ?8 22? 22?zhg?i?h1?b)j?pqo-.,;?*+e? =? ab?p?“?o?c?“?ab?c)j?“?c ?section 3-10 second section of the broadcasting regulations ?section 3-10 first subsection of the broadcasting regulations ?section 3-12 of the broadcasting regulations ? 34 ?ab?0?i?“? 1 m?co?#,? d)j? -.,?pqo q?o?,fr ? 135 ?(section 135 a of the general civil penal code) ?ab- qhi? 153 ?r?f?/0?#, substantial proportion of viewers? ? 90%?#,- l 4 m?noqrnof%45rs 35 ? # ?$%opst?k?ef -.?,?o?-.?op,y?d? ?v4?a?-1“?-.j? ? |=w|?-.?|- ?-.?p?9?;? ?/