必修五 Unit 5语法省略ppt课件.ppt

Unit5FirstaidLearningaboutlanguage,必修五,1,Ellipsis,Grammar,2,1.Thisradio,butthatonedoesnt.,读下列句子,说你的感觉。,workwell,workswell,2.Whenpure,acolorlessliquid.,wateris,wateris,3.Areyou?Yes,Iam.,ready,ready,4.Hewasashehadbeeninhisyouth.,aloverofsports,aloverofsports,5.Theriverdeepandtheicethin.,was,was,6.akecare!,You,T,t,3,1.省略句的定义,省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。省略在语言中，尤其在对话中，是一种十分普遍的现象。,4,2.句子成分的省略,省略前提:主谓宾,定状表,如有重复可删掉。,省略原则:词语省略后,不致令人费解。,省略类型：1.心照不宣型(用于祈使句和某些现成的简单句中)；2.承前省后型(用于对话、并列句和动词不定式中)；3.可有可无型(用于宾语从句中的that、定语从句中作宾语的whom,which,that和某些状语从句中)4.虚拟倒装型(只用于需要倒装的虚拟条件句中)。,5,1.省略主语:祈使句中的主语通常被省略;其他省略的主语的情况多限于少数现成的说法。,(1)(You)Comein,please.(2)(I)Seeyoutomorrow.(3)(I)Thankyouforyourhelp.(4)(I)Begyourpardon.,简单句中的省略,6,2.省略主语或谓语的一部分,简单句中的省略,(1)(Thereis)Nosmoking.(2)(Willyou)Haveasmoke?(3)Why(doyou)notsayhellotohim?(4)How(doyouthink)aboutacupoftea?(5)(Youcome)thisway,please.,7,3.省略宾语：可省略宾语的全部；可省略作宾语的动词不定式，只保留to，但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态，则须在to后加上be或have。,-DoyouknowMissHu?-Idontknow(her).(2)Donttouchanythingunlesstheteachertellsyouto(touch).(3)-Areyouateacher?-No,butIwanttobe(ateacher).(4)-Hehasntfinishedthetask.-Well,heoughttohave(finishit).,8,4.省略表语,-Areyouthirsty?-Yes,Iam(thirsty).Hisbrotherislazy.Norishissister(lazy).,5.同时省略几个句子成分,-Areyoufeelingbetternow?-(Imfeeling)better(now).(2)(Iwish)Goodluck(toyou)!(3)Letsmeetattheschoolgateasthesameas(wemet)yesterday.,9,并列句中的省略,两个并列分句中，后一分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。,Myfatherisadoctorandmymother(is)anurse.(2)Istudyatcollegeandmysister(studies)athighschool.(3)Linsfatherwasnotathome,buthismotherwas(athome).,10,主从复合句中的省略,1.主句中有一些主谓被省略。,(Im)Sorrytohearthatyouareill.(2)(Its)apitythatyoumissedsuchagoodchance.,2.省略从句中与主句相同的部分。,Theydonotvisittheirparentsasmuchastheyoughtto(visittheirparents).,3.主句与从句各有一些成分被省略。,Thesooner(youdoit),thebetter(itwillbe).,11,4.省略一个从句或从句的一部分,可用so或not代替。常用于此类的动词有believe,think,expect,guess,hope,imagine,suppose,say,tell等以及appear,seem,afraidetc.,(4)Doyouthinkhewillattendthemeeting?-Iguessnot.,(1)Ishecomingbacktonight?-Ithinkso.,(2)Shemustbebusynow.-Ifso,shecantgowithus.,(3)Isshefeelingbettertoday?-Imafraidnot.,12,其他省略,1.连词that的省略,宾语从句中常省略连词that。Iknowheisastudent.(2)在定语从句中，that在从句中作宾语时可省略。另外，凡是进行时态和被动语态的定语从句都可省略关系代词和be动词。Helikesthesongs(that)AndyLausings.Helikesthesongs(thatare)sungbyAndyLau.,(that),13,2.在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可省去“主语+be”部分。,(1)Whenstillaboyof10,hehadtoworkdayandnight.,(2)Shetriedherbestthoughratherpoorinhealth.,(3)Whilecycling,dontforgetthetrafficlights.骑车时,不要忘记看红绿灯。,(youare),(you),(hewas),(shewas),14,3.不定式符号to的省略,1)并列的不定式可省去后面的to。Itoldhimtositdownandwaitforamoment.2)help当“帮助”讲时,后面的宾语或宾补的不定式符号to可带可不带。Iwillhelp(to)doitforyou.Iwillhelpyou(to)doit.(3)介词but前若有动词do,后面的不定式不带to.Theboydidnothingbutplay.,15,4)某些使役动词（let,make,have）及感官动词（see,watch,hear,notice,observe,feel,lookat,listento等）后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去to，但在被动语态中须将to复原。Isawtheboyfallfromthetree.Theboywasseentofallfromthetree.Thebossmadeuswork12hoursaday.Weweremadetowork12hoursaday.,16,5)主语从句中有动词do，后面作表语的不定式的to可带可不带。Whatwecandonowis(to)wait.6)find当“发现”讲时，后面作宾语补足语的不定式符号to可带可不带。Wefoundhim(to)workveryhardattheexperiment.但如果是不定式tobe，则不能省略。Shefoundhimtobedishonest.,17,(3)Shouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo?,theywouldcertainlycomeandhelpus.,(2)WereIyou,Iwoulddotheworkbetter.,Hadtheytime,If,theyhadtime,(IfIwereyou),(Ifthereshouldbeaflood),4.连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但要将后面的should,were,had提到主语的前面。,18,5.英语中有一些固定的省略结构：在以if,when,though,asif(好象)等连词引导的从句中,如从句中的主要动词是be,常将主语it和动词be省略。Ifnecessary,weshallsendatelegramhome.如有必要，我们就往家里打电报。Wheneverpossible,hewillcometomyhelp.他一有可能就来帮助我。,itis,itis,19,Notes,1.省略句可同时省掉句子几个成份。Whatexcitingnews!(=Whatexcitingnewsitis!)多么令人激动的消息啊！Pityhesfailed.(=Itisapitythathesfailed.)很遗憾，他失败了。Ilikehimmorethanher.(=IlikehimmorethanIlikeher.)我喜欢他更甚于喜欢她。,20,3.被省略的部分一般可以在句子中补上,但有时省略结构已经定型,如果把省略部分补上,反而不合乎习惯。HeistallerthanIam.他比我高。(am之后省略tall,补上不合习惯）Noparking.禁止停车。(告示用语=Noparkingisallowedhere.)有一些习惯表达很难补上所省略的部分：Notatall.不用谢。Nomatter.不要紧。Thanks.谢谢。,21,1.Haventseenyouforages.2.Soundslikeagoodidea.3.Sorrytohearthat.4.thisway,please!5.Joiningusforawalk?6.Somemoretea?7.Doesntmatter.8.Pityyoucouldntcome.9.Terribleweather!10.Goingtothesupermarket?,Exercise,I,It,Iam,Walk,Wouldyoulike,Wouldyoulike,It,Itisa,What/Such,Areyou,22,Exercise,ShecanswimunderwaterlongerthanIcanswimunderwater.2.Theydiscussedwhethertheyshouldstayinthehouseortheyshouldtrytheopenair.3.Theyhadameal,theywentoutforawalkandthentheycamebacktosleep.4.Dontbatheifyoudontneedtobathe.5.IdontvisitmyparentsasmuchasIoughttovisitmyparents.,23,1.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun,D,单项选择,24,2.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_hesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich,A,25,3.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_.A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone,A,26,4.-Illbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycar?-Notatall._.A.IvenotimeB.IdrathernotC.IdlikeitD.Idbehappyto,D,27,5.-Youhaventlosttheticket,haveyou?-_.Iknowitsnoteasytogetanotheroneatthemoment.A.IhopenotB.Yes,IhaveC.IhopesoD.Yes,Imafraidso,A,28,6._itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will,B,29,7.-Letsgoandhaveagooddrinktonight.-_Haveyougotthefirstprizeinthecompetition?A.Whatfor?B.Thanksalot.C.Yes,IdliketoD.Whynot?,A,30,8.-Tomorrowisaholiday.Whyareyoudoingyourhomework?-IamdoingtheseexercisesnowsothatIwonthave_onSunday.A.itB.themC.forD.to,D,31,9.-ShallIinviteAnntomybirthdaypartytomorrowevening?-Yes.Itllbefineifyou_.A.areB.canC.inviteD.do10.-Arentyouthemanager?-No,andI_.A.dontwanttoB.dontwanttobeC.dontwantbeD.dontwant,D,B,32,11.-Wontyouhaveanothertry?-_.A.Yes,IwillhaveB.Yes,IwonthaveC.Yes,IwontD.Yes,Iwill12.-Iwontdoitanymore.-_?A.WhynotB.WhydontdoanymoreC.WhynotdoD.Whydont,D,A,33,13.-Doyouthinkitwillsnowtomorrow?-_.A.IdontthinkB.No,IdontthinkC.IdontthinksoD.No,Idontso14.-Haveyoufedthecat?-No,but_.A.ImB.IamC.ImjustgoingD.Imjustgoingto,C,D,34,15.-DoesyourbrotherintendtostudyGerman?-Yes,heintends_.A./B.toC.soD.that16.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto17.-WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?-_hernewbicycle.A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing,B,A,C,35,18.If_,wellcontinueourexperimentafterofficehours.A.beingnecessaryB.benecessaryC.isnecessaryD.necessary19.-Doyouthinkitsgoingtorainovertheweekend?-_.A.IdontbelieveB.IdontbelieveitC.IbelievenotsoD.Ibelievenot20.Generallyspeaking,_accordingtodirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetaken,D,D,B,36,21.Oneofthesidesoftheboardshouldbepaintedyellow,and_.A.theotheriswhiteB.anotherwhiteC.theotherwhiteD.anotheriswhite22.-Wouldyoulikesomewine?-Yes,just_.A.littleB.verylittleC.alittleD.afew,C,C,37,替代,(一)so和not作替代词，代替被省略的某个词(组)或句子，一般同表示个人看法或想法的动词连用，作beafraid,believe,become,all,do,expect,fear,hope,imagine,say,see,speak,suppose,think等的宾语。Not代替否定的句子还可放在perhaps,probably,absolutely等副词后。,38,e.g.Shewasnotangryatfirst,butbecameso(=angry)afterawhile.,-Ishethebeststudentintheclass?-Ithinkso(=Heisthebeststudentintheclass).-Ithinknot(=Heisnotthebeststudentintheclass).,39,(二)替代的应用,1.so可以放在句首或句尾，但若谓语动词是see,notice,hear等，则只能放在句首。如：Ibelieve(say,think)so.=SoIbelieve(say,think).Heisabsenttoday.SoIsee(hear,notice).,2.在表示肯定或怀疑意义的句中不可用so。如：误:Idoubtso.正:Idoubtit.,40,4.doso一般只用替代动态动词,不替代静态动词。如:Shesaidshewouldgowithme,butshedidntdoso.,-Alicefeelsbettertoday.-Ithinkshedoes.-Soshedoes.而不能说Ithinkshedoesso.,3.在ask和know之后也不用so。如：误:Whydoyouaskso?正:Whydoyouaskthat?,41,1.Haventseenyouforages.2.Somemoretea?3.Soundsl