2020版高考英语新探究大一轮复习Unit6Design知能演练轻松闯关含2019届新题含解析北师大版.doc

教学资料范本2020版高考英语新探究大一轮复习Unit6Design知能演练轻松闯关含2019届新题含解析北师大版编 辑：_时 间：_Unit 6 Design课时练1阅读理解提速练学生用书P258(单独成册) 阅读理解A(20xx福州质检)Look at a map of Spain and point at the center. Youll locate the countrys capital and one of Europes most beautiful cities: Madrid. This popular destination is considered a city of contrasts with its abundant historic sites, resting in the shadows of modern skyscrapers.HistoryThis city of over 3 million people is proud of Western Europes largest royal palace, and some consider it to be Madrids most beautiful building.Inside the Royal Palace 2，800 rooms are decorated in glory with museumquality furniture and artwork. Tourists can tour 50 of these large and splendid rooms.ArtThe internationally respected Prado Museum is the largest and most imShoppingMadrid has some of Europes best shopping malls, and potential buyers love to look through the stores looking for bargains. But for 500 years, shoppers have gathered to an extremely large outdoor flea market known as El Rastro where they find everything from antiques to CDs.EntertainmentNo trip to Madriflamenco. Every day, flamenco performers sing, dance or play the guitar in small cafes and grand theaters alike.FoodMadrid has a wide variety of restaurants, but because the Spanish typically eat late at about 9 or 10 pm., its difficult to find good dinner food earlier. If you get hungry before then, the best solution is to try a tapas bar where light snacks are served. Be sure to try the jamon, drycured hamSpain is famous for it.Time for a breakAfter a day of touring, relax in 350acre Retiro Park with its beautiful gardens, fish pond and lake. It is the perfect place to reflect on all youve enjoyed in this impressive Spanish city.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了西班牙首都马德里。1What do we know about the Royal Palace?AIt has 50 rooms for visit.BIt can hold 2，800 people.CIts been visited by 3 million people.DIt is thought to be the largest in Europe.A解析：细节理解题。根据History部分中的“Tourists can tour 50 of these large and splendid rooms.”可知，游客可以游览这些宏大而辉煌的房间中的50间，故答案为A选项。2What kind of market is “El Rastro”？AFor discount.BFor artworks.CTo sell various goods.DTo sell antiques and CDs.C解析：推理判断题。根据Shopping部分中的第二句可知，在El Rastro这个户外的跳蚤市场上，购物者可以找到古董到CD之类的所有的东西，C选项中的“sell various goods”和文中的“find everything from antiques to CDs”相对应，故答案为C选项。3What is a must when people are travelling in Madrid?AEnjoying flamenco.BHaving dinner earlier.CRelaxing in Retiro Park.DDrinking in a tapas bar.A解析：推理判断题。根据Entertainmentflamenco.”可知，到马德里没有看西班牙的著名艺术形式flamenco的表演，旅行是不完整的，因此答案为A选项。B(20xx洛阳、许昌高三第一次质检)Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made.Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental maths.I have only the unmemorable memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all the insects.I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other peoples observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books, which some might honour with the title of scientific research.But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist: One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is selfdiscipline, a quality I lack. A scientist requires not only selfdiscipline but all training, 【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过自身的经历明白了一个道理：博物学家是天生的，而科学家则是可以后天培养的。4What impressed the author deeply during his childhood?AWildlife.BMusic.CLanguages. DLiterature.A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，作者在童年时，印象深刻的是那些野生生物，故选A。5Why cant the author remember his relatives clearly?AHe didnt live with them for long.BThe family was extremely large.CHe was fully occupied with observing nature.DHe was too young when he lived with them.C解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可推知，作者童年时期过于专注自然界而对周围的亲戚并不是很在意，所以没有深刻的印象，这与第四段第二句中的“I have a strong love of the natural world”呼应，故选C。6According to the author, what personality should a born naturalist have first of all?ABeing knowledgeable.BBeing selfdisciplined.CBeing full of ambition.DBeing full of enthusiasm.D解析：推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations”可知，作者从小热爱自然界，而且这种热情使作者做了很多不同的调查，成了一个博物学家。由此可推知，一个天生的博物学家首先要充满热情，故选D。7Why does the author say he is a naturalist, not a scientist?AHe thinks he lacks some quality required of a scientist.BHe thinks he has much trouble doing mental arithmetic.DHe thinks he just reads about other peoples observations.A解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知，作者认为自己只是一个博物学家而不是一个科学家是因为自己缺乏成为科学家的必备素质，故选A。C(20xx湖南高三六校联考)If I scratch your back and you scratch mine, then were both better off as a resultso goes the principle of reciprocity. As humans, we are familiar with the concept, whether it is by buying rounds of drinks or expelling diplomats. But do animals also help those who help them? The answer may be yes. A paper by Dolivo and Taborsky shows that Norway rats will only give as good as they get.In their laboratory, Dolivo and Taborsky first trained rats to pull a stick that provided a food item within the reach of a rat in a neighboring cage separated from them by wire mesh(铁丝网)They then introduced a further treatment in which an experimental rat was placed in a cage with other caged rats on either side. On one side the rat pulled a stick that provided pieces of carrot to the rat in the central cage, while the other pulled a stick that produced banana pieces.In the following trials the focal rat (the one in the central cage) had the opportunity to repay the other rats using the same stick tool to deliver food items.Now, the rats had typically turned their noses up at the carrot and showed a strong preference for the more desirable banana. On the basis that the bananaproviding rat should be therefore remembered as the superior partner, the authors predicted that in the test phase(阶段) the focal rat would more readily provide help for bananaoffering rats than for carrotoffering rats. This proved to be the case: the rats that had provided better help in the past received greater rewardsit seemed that they were behaving reciprocally.Dolivo and Taborskys experiments show that rats can recall the quality of help provided and by which rat, and adjust their behavior so as to invest more time and energy in helping those that helped them. It is apparent that we shouldnt undervalue the ability of animals to engage in reciprocity.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章详细介绍了Dolivo和Taborsky用挪威老鼠做实验得出结论的过程。实验的结果告诉人们，我们不应该低估动物的互惠能力。8What does the underlined word “reciprocity” probably refer to?AThe act of being kind to other people.BA cooperative exchange of favors.CA positive attitude to everything.DThe quality of being generous.B解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句中的“If I scratch your back and you scratch mine, then were both better off as a result”可知，如果两个人互相抓背，则两个人都能得到好处；由此可推知，reciprocity意为“互惠”，故B项正确。9What would happen if a rat pulled the stick?AIt would find some food in its own cage.BOther rats would be able to enter its cage.CAnother rat in another cage would get food.DIt would be able to enter a neighboring cage.C解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的内容和第三段尾句“On one side the rat pulled a stick that provided pieces of carrot to the rat in the central cage, while the other pulled a stick that produced banana pieces”可推知，如果一只老鼠拉棍子，则另一个笼子里的老鼠会吃到食物，故C项正确。10Which got more benefit from the focal rat?AThe rats that preferred carrot pieces.BThe rats that preferred banana pieces.CThe rats that had provided carrot pieces.DThe rats that had provided banana pieces.D解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的内容尤其是“the rats that had provided better help in the past received greater rewards”可知，提供香蕉片的老鼠会得到更多的回报，故D项正确。11Which of the following might Dolivo and Taborsky agree with?ASome animals may return others help.BNorway rats have very poor memories.CIt is hard to explain the ability of animals.DRatsA解析：推理判断题。根据尾段第一句可知，Dolivo和Taborsky的实验表明，老鼠能够回忆起谁提供的帮助和帮助的质量，并调整它们的行为，从而投入更多的时间和精力去帮助那些帮助过它们的同类；由此可推知，动物会回报帮助过它们的对象，故A项正确。D(20xx区第一次适应性检测) Superstorm Sandy slammed into the eastern United States years ago. The winddriven water caused a lot of flooding, especially in the regions subway system. Now two teens have invented a device that could help prevent future subway floods.In New York City alone, Superstorm Sandy caused an estimated $ 19 billion in damage. Much of the floodwaters entered the subway system through its ventilation grates(通风栅). Those metal grilles usually lie at ground level. When the system is shut down ahead of a flood, engineers try to cover those grates with plywood(胶合板) and sandbags. But the flooding often washes away those measures, which allows water to flow into the tunnels. Raising those grates even a tiny bit above ground level would cost a lot of money. Other ideas have included building tall chimneys around the holes. That would raise the grates and cost a lot of money, too.Kyle and Raymond came up with a different, less expensive idea. They designed a metal grate with a builtin, adjustable cover. When trains are running, one part of the grate slides open to bring in fresh air. But when the system is shut down, Their grate is the same size as the grates used now. So, it would be simple, they say, to lift out the old grate and drop in a replacement. Their design includes tamperproof features, which can prevent operation mistakes. They make sure that people dont intentionally shut off airflow during normal conditions. For people with the proper key, it would only take a minute or two to close the grate ahead of a flood.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了几年前超级风暴Sandy猛烈袭击美国东部，造成了洪水灾害，当地的地铁被洪水淹没。为防止地铁再次被洪水淹没，两位少年发明了一种装置。12Whats the second paragraph mainly about?AThe steps to operate grates.BThe measures to prevent flood.CThe function of plywood and sandbags.DThe disadvantage of present subway system.D解析：段落大意题。根据第二段第一句可知，据估计超级风暴Sandy仅在纽约市就造成了价值190亿美元的损失。文章接下来分析了超级风暴造成的洪水淹没地铁的原因：目前的地铁系统存在很大的弊端。故本题选D。13Which of the following words best describes the two teens new invention?ACostly. BTimesaving.CPractical. DConventional.C解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一、第二句可知他们使用的栅栏和现在使用的栅栏大小一样，所以很容易就可以把旧的栅栏取出来，放入一个替换栅栏；再结合最后一段最后两句可知，新的装置操作起来也很方便。故选C。14Whats the purpose of designing the tamperproof feature?ATo replace the old grate correctly.BTo close the grate ahead of a flood.CTo ensure airflow in normal conditions.DTo stop the train speeding up unexpectedly.C解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第三、第四句可知，设计干预防护的特点可以阻止操作失误，有了干预防护，他们确保人们不会有意地在正常情况下关掉空气流通的功能，故本题选C。AA news report.BAn adventurous story.CAn introduction to new equipment.DA guidebook to making grates.A解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了两位少年发明了一种成本较低、实用的地铁防洪装置以及该装置的特点和优势，应该属于新闻报道类文章，故选A。 七选五(20xx桂林、百色、崇左联考)Test anxiety can be a real problem if youre so stressed out over a test that you cant get past the nervousness to focus on the test questions and do your best work. Feeling ready to meet the challenge can keep test anxiety at a manageable level.Be prepared. Some students think that going to class is all it takes to do well on tests. 1._ You will find your test anxiety eases when you start to study more regularly. The reason is that the more you know the material, the more confident youll feel. Having confidence going into a test means you expect to do well.Watch what youre thinking. If expecting to do well on a test can help you relax, what about if you expect you wont do well. 2._ They can contribute to your anxiety. If you find yourself having these thoughts, replace them with positive ones. Not unrealistic positive messages, of course, but ones that are practical and true.Accept mistakes. Another thing you can do is to learn to keep mistakes in viewespecially if you are a perfectionist or you tend to be hard on yourself. Everyone makes mistakes, and you may have heard teachers refer to mistakes as learning opportunities. 3._4_ If sitting for a test gets you so stressed out that your mind goes blank and causes you to miss answers that you know, then your level of test anxiety probably needs some attention. Your teacher or your school guidance counsellor(顾问) can be good people to talk to.Take care of yourself. For some people, this might mean learning a simple breathing exercise. Practice breathing exercise regularly when you feel stressed. 5._ Then you can calm yourself down and get centered.AAsk for help.BLearn to praise yourself.CThis helps your body receive a signal to relax.DBut good study habits and skills are more important.ESo its time to regard small failures as valuable experiences.GYou may send yourself some negative messages about the test.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，具体介绍了缓解考试焦虑的五个方法。1D解析：根据空处前一句可知，一些学生认为去上课就能考好试；根据空处后一句可知，当你开始更有规律地学习时，你会发现你的考试焦虑减轻了。根据语境可知，空处前后为转折关系，空处说明“但是良好的学习习惯和技能更为重要”，故D项与此处匹配。2G解析：根据空处前一句可知，如果期望在考试中表现出色可以帮助你放松，那如果想到自己考得不好呢？结合空后一句可知，空处表示对于考试，你可能向自己发送了消极的信息，故G项符合语境。3E解析：根据该段第一句“Accept mistakes.”可知，该段主要讲述了“要接受错误”的观点，再结合空前的“refer to mistakes as learning opportunities”可知，要将失败作为宝贵的经历，故E项符合语境。4A解析：根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为该段的主题句；根据该段尾句可知，在考试焦虑过大时可以寻求帮助。据此可知，该段主要讲“寻求帮助”，故A项符合语境。5C解析：根据空处前一句可知，当你感到有压力时，可以进行呼吸练习。结合常识可知，呼吸练习有助于身体放松，故C项符合语境。课时练2知识运用板块练学生用书P261(单独成册) 完形填空(20xx昆明高三摸底测试)Mrs. Hudson walked into the classroom with a girl limping(瘸着走) behind her. She introduced，“This is Margaret. She just moved here from Florida. Lets _1_ her.” The teacher guided her _2_ to a front seat, then bent over and _3_ something in her ear. Finishing explaining the math problems, Mrs. Hudson _4_，“Break time. See you in ten minutes.”Boys _5_ first.“Today, lets meet at the far end of the sidewalk. And make sure the new girl doesnt follow us！” I said. After a while, I came back to the _6_. I wanted to find out if Mrs. Hudson liked my book report. With her usual big smile, she began，“Jack, you are a good _7_” Shifting my weight from one foot to the other, I was a little _8_ that Mrs. Hudson liked me so much. Her _9_ let me know how much she appreciated having me around. My teacher _10_ in her quiet voice.“Thats _11_ I am sure you will invite Margaret to play with you today.”Her _12_ words sounded like frozen knives aiming at my heart. Could she _13_ suspect what we had been saying about Margaret? Could she know how _14_ I was?Then I managed to _15_ Margaret in our group. While many school memories have _16_ over the years, the _17_ Mrs. Hudson taught me has stayed with me. Mrs. Hudson gently guided me, _18_ me to do the right thing. She believed in me, and _19_ what she did, I rose to the level of her _20_， both for Margaret long ago and even later in my choice of career.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。Hudson夫人是作者的老师。一天，她带着一个走路一瘸一拐的女孩进了教室，包括作者在内的几个男孩取笑这个女孩。而Hudson夫人用激励、爱心和智慧教育了作者，启迪了他的心灵，作者从此不再孤立那个女孩。这段经历对作者的一生产生了很大的影响。 BintroduceA解析：上文讲到Hudson夫人带着一个走路一瘸一拐的女孩进了教室，将这个女孩介绍给班里的孩子们，让大家“欢迎”她，2A.casually BgentlyCnervously DhurriedlyB解析：上文讲到女孩走路一瘸一拐，接着说Hudson夫人“缓缓地”将女孩带到了前排的一个座位，所以选B。casually“随便地”；gently“温柔地，缓缓地”；nervously“紧张地”；hurriedly“匆忙地”。3A.spread BdeliveredCrepeated DwhisperedD解析：Hudson夫人先是将女孩带到了前排的一个座位上，接着弯下腰来在她的耳边“小声说话”，所以选D。spread“传播”；deliver“递送，发表(演讲)，接生”；repeat“重复”；whisper“小声说”。4A.cried BsighedCannounced DagreedC解析：Hudson夫人讲完数学题后，“宣布”该休息了，所以选C。cry“喊叫，哭”；sigh“叹气”；announce“宣布”；agree“同意”。5A.looked out Braced outCturned up Dgave upB解析：根据上文可知，老师宣布了下课，根据常识可推知，下课后，男孩们先“跑了出去”，故raced out符合语境。look out“朝外看”；turn up“出现，露面，调高(音量等)”；give up“放弃”。6A.school BofficeCclassroom DplatformC解析：上文提到男孩们跑了出去，所以过了一会儿，作者应该是回到了“教室”。school“学校”；office“办公室”；classroom“教室”；platform“平台，月台，讲台”。7A.guard BcolleagueCperson DspeakerC解析：Hudson夫人对作者说，“Jack，你是一个好人”，她是用表扬的方法来促使作者转变自己的做法，使作者友善对待新来的女生。guard“卫兵”；colleague“同事”；person“人”；speaker“说话者”。8A.embarrassed BsatisfiedCconvinced DworriedA解析：作者取笑新来的女孩，Hudson夫人却说他是一个好人，这让作者感到有点“尴尬”，所以选A。embarrassed“尴尬的”；satisfied“满意的，满足的”；convinced“确信的”；worried“担忧的”。9A.answer BexplanationC解析：Hudson夫人对作者的正面“评价”(说作者是个好人)让作者知道了老师是非常喜欢他在身边的。answer“回答，答案”；explanation“解释，评述”；prediction“预测，预言”。10A.begged BrepliedCurged DcontinuedD解析：上文讲到，Hudson夫人说作者是一个好人，然后“继续说”，“这就是我确信你今天会邀请Margaret一起玩的原因。”beg“祈求”；reply“回答”；urge“敦促”；continue“继续说”。11A.why BhowCwhen DwhereA解析：参见上题解析。why“为什么”；how“如何，怎样”；when“何时”；where“哪里”。12A.doubtful BconfidentB解析：她“肯定的”话如同冰冷的刀子直指向作者的心，所以选B。doubtful“怀疑的”；confident“自信的，13A.necessarily BregularlyChardly DpossiblyD解析：上文提到作者孤立新同学，但老师却说他是个好人，所以作者心中疑惑：她“有可能”会猜到我们都说Margaret什么吗？她知道我有多令人讨厌吗？necessarily“必要地，必然地”；regularly“经常，定期地，有规律地”；hardly“几乎不”；possibly“可能”。14A.greedy BsmartCawful DoutgoingC解析：参见上题解析。greedy“贪婪的”；smart“聪明的，机灵的”；awful“糟糕的，极坏的”；outgoing“外向的，友好的”。15A.refuse BpraiseCseparate DincludeD解析：之后，作者设法让Margaret“加入”到了他们的团体中。refuse“拒绝”；praise“表扬，赞美”；separate“使分离，使分开”；include“包含，包括，列入