创意阅读610单元教参及答案.doc

UNIT SIX: The Archaeology of TodayNote on the topic:A common impression of “archaeology” is of scientists excavating ancient sites to find evidence of societies or individuals who died hundreds, or even thousands, of years ago. However, archaeologists are also interested in features of relatively modern societies, and how these features affect present day societies. This topic introduces students to one of the methods that archaeologists use to gain a clearer picture of modern life; they study what items society throws away. The writer suggests that some of the ideas we have about modern life are not necessarily correct. Later in the unit, students are encouraged to think about the purposes of their reading and are asked to summarise and categories information by using tables. Before you readThere are no correct or incorrect answers to these aspects of life. Students should be encouraged to be creative in their ideas and try to relate specific items of rubbish that might be found with each aspect. Students might be asked to write ideas of sources of information on each aspect on the board. Examples of such items might include:What people read: Old books, newspapers and magazines would be useful if they can still be read. As well as the types of each publication, the numbers of each might also show how popular each was when compared to the other. How children play:The types and numbers of various toys might provide information on this aspect of life. The advertisements in newspapers, magazines and catalogues might also help.Where people travel:Souvenirs from different places, again, advertisements in newspapers and travel brochures, even old airline tickets might be found. Also, old postcards written from relatives or friends may be found.What people eat:This is probably the easiest to find information on. Food itself is perishable, so may not be useful. However, the packaging of food items (including a date stamp in many cases) would be extremely useful.What people buy:A little more vague, but items which are found in larger numbers would give evidence of certain types of purchases being more popular. Also, old the packaging from purchases might be found.What people wear:Again, a relatively easy aspect to research. It is likely that many items of clothing would be found. Photographs in any old publications might also help.How people learn: It is, perhaps, unlikely evidence relevant to this aspect of life would be readily found. Perhaps, old publications, especially educational textbooks, might help.Types of work:Again, job advertisements in newspapers would help. Possibly, items of clothing related to specific jobs might also help.What people drink:This would be researched in the same way as food items by finding the packaging of drinks (and advertising).What people think:This would be very difficult to research. Perhaps any personal letters, postcards, diaries might help, but they would be very specific to individuals and it would be difficult to gain an overall impression of the society. Newspaper articles would be a better source perhaps.Programmes:Again, published programme lists in newspapers and magazines would be the only source of information on this aspect of life. Perhaps the packaging on video cassettes and VCDs/DVDs might also help.Words to noteColumn AColumn BAccurateCorrect or true in every detailAffluentRich enough to buy things for pleasureDiscardTo get rid of something that you no longer want or needDumpA place where large amounts of waste are Taken, usually outside a townExotic Interesting or exciting because of being unusual or not familiarGo offIf food or drink goes off, it is no longer freshHazardousDangerous, especially to peoples health or safetyJunk foodFood that is not healthy because it Contains a lot of fat, salt, and sugarLumpA solid piece of something that does not have a regular shapePartiallyNot completelyPlentifulPresent or available in large quantitiesProjectA planned piece of work that has a particular aimRefinedA substance that is refined is now pure Because other things have been removed From itShudderIf you shudder, your body suddenly Shakes, for example because you Suddenly feel cold or frightenedStaleStale food such as bread is old and no longer freshUndertakeTo agree to be responsible for a job or project and do itVolunteerSomeone who is not paid for the work that they doAt randomWithout a particular method, pattern, or purposeWords to note in context:1. When you get the form, please make sure your personal details are accurate.2. You need be fairly affluent family to afford to live in this neighbourhood.3. What people discard can often tell us a lot about them.4. It is hard to imagine a group of famous scientists searching through a rubbish dump for important archaeological evidence.5. I went with my parents to very exotic holiday resort last year.6. I think you should eat these apples today; they are starting to go off.7. Rock climbing can be a very hazardous hobby.8. Young people seem to be eating more and more junk food.9. “How many lumps of sugar do you want in your coffee?”10. I think he has only partially understood the explanation.11. There is a plentiful supply of fresh fruit in the markets.12. Unfortunately, my research project has run out of money and so must come to an end.13. I think your research methodology needs to be refined a little.14. I shudder to think of the consequences of your recent actions!15. I think this bread is a bit stale; we should through it away.16. Before you agree to undertake this very difficult job, you should think carefully about whether or not you can spare the time.17. I am looking for a volunteer to help me search the rubbish dump!18. I will select two students at random to present their findings.Understanding the textPart A: Comprehension1. Why is rubbish important for archaeologists?It is important because it contains a great deal of evidence about how a society lived their everyday lives.2. What is the Garbage Project?The Garbage Project is a research project carried out by the University of Arizona. It studies the garbage in city rubbish dumps to find evidence of the lifestyles of the local population. It started in 1973 in Tucson, but has now expanded to many other cities and has built a huge database of information on most aspects of mocern American life.3. How is the garbage sorted?The garbage is sorted into a variety of categories (food items, dangerous materials, personal items etc.)4. Why do people waste more meat during times of meat shortages?This is because when there is a shortage of something, people try to hoard large supplies of the item. This frequently means that the item needs to be thrown away before it can be used perhaps because of a shortage of storage space or because it starts to perish.5. What are the reasons for the differences between what people say they throw away and what is found in their waste bins?There are two reasons for this. The first is that people do not want to be seen as wasteful when it comes to food. They say (and think) they throw away less food than they actually do. The other reason is that they know they should be eating less junk food and more healthy food, but in fact the evidence from the garbage is that they eat more junk food. They are not deliberately lying, they just have an inaccurate impression of their own eating habits.6. What is the value of the Garbage Project?The Garbage Project can give a clear impression of how people live and behave.Part B: True or falseIndicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. Correct any false statements in the box provided.1. The Garbage Project is found only in Arizona.F2. Every household in Tucson had its rubbish collected and studied for a year. F3. Student volunteers help sort the garbage that is collected.T 4. Americans threw away Mexican sugar because it tasted bad.F5. Poor people prefer to buy larger economy packets of food because they are better value for money. F6. Garbage archaeology is useful to study both ancient and modern societies.TCorrections1. It was started in Arizona, but has now been expanded to cover many other American cities and even Mexico City as well.2. There are too many households in Tucson to collect from each and every one. Therefore, only a sample of households had their rubbish collected. Also, there is no time specified in the text, it simply says “over a period of time”.4. The passage does not specify the quantity of Mexican sugar found simply that some was found in Tucson when there was a sugar shortage. There is no evidence that it tasted bad.5. The evidence shows that poor people by smaller packets of food and not the larger economy packets (which more wealthy families bought). They may have wanted to buy the more economical larger packets but could not afford the larger outlay of money.Developing your SkillsA) Identifying Purposes of ReadingThis activity helps students to focus on the information they need while reading a text. Understanding why you are reading will clearly help you to understand what you are looking for (if anything). This activity could be introduced (or followed up) by asking students to write on the board any pieces of writing that they had read over the last day or two. Then asking the class to identify the purpose of reading each piece of writing. This is likely to show that there is a specific purpose behind almost everything we read.SITUATION 1Your purpose in reading the text would be to gain a general overview of all aspects of the Project. The project itself would be the focus of your reading and other elements in the text would be skimmed through.SITUATION 2In this case, you would only focus on the sections of the text which outlined how the project was carried out i.e. the methodology they used. You would have little interest in the other, more general, sections of the text. Even when the methodology is not directly stated, while reading you would be trying to interpret the methodology used.SITUATION 3In this case, you would not be directly interested in the project itself, but more in the findings of the project. You may not even want to mention the project in your article.B) Using Tables to Summarise/Categorise Information for Different PurposesStudents are likely to think of different ways to categorise and tabulate the information. There are no correct or incorrect ways of doing this. Students might be asked to justify their design. Different designs (tables) can be shown and compared. Possible examples of table designs are shown below:Situation 2: Research MethodologyDetailsLocation of researchNumber of cities coveredAspects of life studiedData collection methods:How garbage was collectedTime scale involvedNumber of householdsHow is garbage storedHow is garbage sortedHow is garbage disposed ofWhere people interviewdSituation 3: Magazine articleDetailsWhy rubbish is importantWhat rubbish can tell usHow can rubbish be analysedInteresting examples of findings:Example 1Example 2What people say about their rubbishExtending your vocabularyPart A: Antonyms and synonymsMost of the words in this activity come from the Words to note section and the students should find them relatively easy (with the exception of question 1 as it has several answers). An extension to this task could be to ask pairs of students to find say 10 words in the text and think of antonyms and synonyms for each word. They then write the words from the text on the board and invite their classmates to work out the antonyms and synonyms. Another, perhaps more stimulating, activity is to ask a student to call out any word from the text which is not a proper noun. The first student to call out a synonym to this word chooses another word from the text and so on. Of course this would also be possible, but more difficult, with antonyms.Answer these questions.1. What words in the text have the same meaning as garbage?Rubbish, waste, (junk), refuse2. What is another word for thrown away?Discarded3. What is the opposite of healthy food?Junk food4. Which words means to some extent?partially5. Which word means strange and unusualexotic6. Which words means rich and having lots of moneyaffluentPart B: Cloze passageUse the words in the box to complete the paragraph.hazardous partially plentiful stale lumps refined shudder go offWe may shudder when we consider the plentiful amounts of waste some hazardous that are thrown away every day. Food such as bread that has gone stale, or dairy products that quickly go off; fruit that has been partially eaten, and lumps of unwanted meat show how wasteful we are. Our refined lifestyle is based on consuming things that we do not need. Expanding your creativity: Several examples of acrostics on rubbish are given in the students book. Students might be encouraged to try to write acrostics on any other subject they like. A very common form of acrostic among young people is love acrostic where the letters spell out the name of the partner. Animals, countries, famous people etc. can all be used as the topic of an acrostic.An example of a “Love acrostic” might be:Sweet and sensuousUnlike anyone else Ive ever metSimply the most beautifulAnd wonderful person I knowNobody else can compare to youSome examples of acrostics written by young people are:Does any one realize all the Ridiculous things Actors and actresses Must endure before hearing theApplause?C reamy or H ot, it makes my mouth scream O n and on C hocolate, chocolate O h, yum L uscious chocolate, I cant believe I A te it all. It T ickles my throat E ach time I eat it, mmm oh I love chocolate.F anciful colors L ovely colors O verflowing W ith blossoms, green leaves, and long stems. E veryone appreciates how they brighten up a room. R eaching out to the world S aying hello !Going for the goldYou know youMightNot win. Those endless hoursAt the gymStarting your body to work hardest.The excitement and nerves at the meet; the joy when you land on your feet.Its hurry and do your home work; its eating your supper in theCar. Its the love of theSport and the Olympic dream.UNIT SEVEN: Home Truths Note on the topicThis unit describes the attitudes a typical British person has about his or her home and suggests possible reasons for these attitudes. It also gives statistics on things like how much money British people spend on their homes, house prices in Britain, and the way British people constantly try to increase the value of the home they own. It provides the opportunity for students to use the language of comparison by comparing each feature introduced in the text with the situation in their own country.Before you readThis section encourages students to discuss freely the topic of improving a home. It provides an ideal opportunity to extend vocabulary related to homes. The activity asks several questions. The answers to these questions is not of major importance; students should be encouraged to expand their answers as much as possible by giving their reasons for their answers. Possible extension activities are numerous. They might include: Asking students to describe their “ideal home. Asking students to describe what they regard as a typical Chinese home and comparing this to what they imagine a typical western home might be like. They could even be asked to look through magazines and bring in pictures of rooms from homes and say what they like about them and how they might change the room if they lived there. Asking students to say what they consider the most important features of a home are. Asking students to describe typical homes from different regions within China.For all of these activities, ample time should be given for students to work in pairs of groups to provide an opportunity to practice and experiment with the language of description. Key features of a home might be elicited from students and written on the board before the discussions begin. Further information on the text:p. 62 line 2: An Englishmans home is his castleLike many traditional proverbs this saying seems gender-specific but, of course, it includes women as well. The proverb may say man because it was not until the 19th century that many women in Britain or other European countries had property rights. Now, though, as many women own real estate as men. p. 62 line 9: Do It YourselfSince around the 1960s, a whole leisure industry of DIY has grown up in the West, in which large stores sell everything people need to repair and decorate their houses or maintain their gardens and cars. Before that time people would probably employ painters, electricians, carpenters, plumbers, gardeners or mechanics to do the kind of work that needed to be done to keep houses and gardens in order or to improve them. Nowadays the trend is for people to do this themselves; this not only saves money, it has become a kind of hobby or leisure activity for many people and DIY stores also sell books or give guidance about how to do the work. p. 62 line 28: safe as housesThis saying refers to the fact that investment in property (real estate) is a sound investment and is likely to be safe because house and land prices seem to rise but