专四大四选词填空练习题

精品文库针对选词填空的解题方法分为三步： 1. 预览选项，了解词义并把选项分为四大类词性：名词n，动词v，形容词a，副词ad，在每个选项后作词性的简要标记； 2. 精读全文开头，把握文章主题，并以三个空或一个段落为一个单位，利用前后文判断每空的词性； 3. 把对应词性的选项逐一带回原文，含义通顺，时态、主谓搭配一致的为正确选项。1.Achanges Bflexible Cdecrease Drecent Epush Freduce Grelatively Hsafety Iresistant Jexpensive Kforce Laccordingly MintensityNsecurity OopposedAfter the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: The damage and death toll(死亡人数) could have been much worse. More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, and earthquake of similar _1_ that shook America in 1998 claimed 25,000 victims.Injuries and deaths were _2_ less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. On a holiday, when traffic was light on the citys highway. In addition, _3_ made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the citys buildings and highways, making them more _4_ to quakes.In the past, making structures quake-resist-ant meant firm yet _5_ materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to _6_ the impact of ground vibrations. The most _7_ designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports, called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquakes vibrations. When ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would _8_ the building to shift in the opposite direction. The new designs should offer even greater _9_ to cities where earthquakes often take place.The new smart structures could be very _10_ to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.2.ApossessionBsaveCbestDapplianceEmaterialFfromGsimpleHwithIinJelementKmodelLitemMeasyNadoptOreasonableWise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The way you go about purchasing an article or a service can actually _1_ you money or can add to the cost. Take the _2_example of a hairdryer. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might think that you are making the _3_ buy if you choose one whose look you like and which is also the cheapest_4_price. But when you get it home you may find that it takes twice as long as a more expensive_5_to dry your hair.The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well make your hairdryer the most expensive one of all.So what principles should you_when you go out shopping? If you keep your home, your car or any valuable 7_ in excellent condition, youll be saving money in the long run. Before you buy a new 8_ , talk to someone who owns one .If you can, use it or borrow it to check it suits your particular purpose. Before you buy an expensive 9_ , or a service, do check the price and what is on offer. If possible, choose 10 _three items or three estimates.3.A) poseB) exaggeratedC) acceleratingD) extinctE) existF) perceptionG) wealthyH) magnifiedI) starvingJ) headK) runningL) predictedM) abundantN) conceptionO) reducing For many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse. They have developed a hitlist of our main fears: natural resources are 1_ out? the population is ever growing, leaving less and less to eat? species are becoming 2_ in vast numbers, and the planets air and water are becoming ever more polluted.But a quick look at the facts shows a different picture. First, energy and other natural resources have become more 3_ not less so, since the book The Limits to Growth was published in 1972 by a group of scientists. Second, more food is now produced per 4_ of the worlds population than at any time in history. Fewer people are 5_ . Third, although species are indeed becoming extinct, only about 0.7% of them are expected to disappear in the next 50 years, not 2550%, as has so often been 6_ . And finally, most forms of environmental pollution either appear to have been 7_ , or are transient - associated with the early stages of industrialization and therefore best cured not by restricting economic growth, but by 8_ it. One form of pollution - the release of greenhouse gases that causes global warming - does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future, but its total impact is unlikely to 9_ a devastating (令人心神不安的) problem. A bigger problem may well turn out to be an inappropriate response to it.Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and some factors seem to cause this disjunction between 10_ and reality.4.What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel _ 1 _ about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. Were 2 _with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the 3_ to this ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(经济作物) wasnt eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more 4_ ways of doing it.The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans” eat, but our nations food has come to be 5_ by importspizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the countrys most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nations defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit-ins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political 6_ .But strong opinions have not brought 7_ . Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We have become 8_ of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain.The 9_ in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. Its no coincidence, then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage(束缚). Its what we eatand how we 10_ it with friends, family, and strangersthat help define America as a community today.A. answerB. resultC. shareD. guiltyE. constantF. definedG. vanishH. adaptedI. creativeJ. beliefK. suspiciousL. certaintyM. obsessedN. identifyO. Ideals5. Theres no question that the Earth is getting hotter. The real questions are: How much of the warming is our fault, and are we 1 _to slow the devastation by controlling our insatiable 2_ for fossil fuels? Global warming can seem too 3_ to worry about, or too uncertain-something projected by the same computer 4_ that often cant get next weeks weather right. On a raw winter day you might think that a few degrees of warming wouldnt be such a bad thing anyway. And no doubt about it: Warnings about 5_ change can sound like an environmentalist scare tactic, meant to force us out of our cars and restrict our lifestyles. Comforting thoughts, perhaps. Unfortunately, however, the Earth has some discomforting news. From Alaska to the snowy peaks of the Andes the world is heating up right now, and fast. Globally, the 6_ is up 1F over the past century, but some of the coldest, most remote spots have warmed much more. The results arent pretty. Ice is 7_ , rivers are running dry, and coasts are 8_ , threatening communities. The 9_ are happening largely out of sight. But they shouldnt be out of mind, because they are omens of whats in store for the 10_ of the planet.AremoteBtechniquesCconsistingDrestEwillingFclimateGskillHappetiteImeltingJvanishingKerodingLtemperatureMcuriosityNchangesOskillful6.EI NIno is name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world.This strange _1_ happens every five to eight years.It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信风)，which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in _2_, the ocean temperature rise causing the Peru current flowing in form the east to warm up by as much as 5C.The warming of the ocean has far-reaching effects.The hot,humid(潮湿的)air over the ocean causes severe _3_ thunderstorms.The rainfall is increased across South American _4_ floods to Peru.In the West pacific,there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia.So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods,other parts face drought,poor crops and _5_.EI Nino usually lasts for about 18 months The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most _6_weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds _7_ of damage.The 1990 EI Nino will _9_, but they are still not _10_ sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.A estimateB strengthC deliberatelyD notify E tropicalF phenomenonG stableH attractionI completelyJ destructiveK starvationL bringingM exhaustionN worthO strike7.Have you ever known anyone famous? If so, you may have found that they are remarkably similar to the rest of us. You may have even heard them _1_ to people saying there is anything different about them. Im really just a normal guy, _2_ an actor who has recently rocketed into the spotlight. There is, of course, usually a brief period when they actually start to believe they are as great as their _3_ fans suggest. They start to wear _4_ clothes and talk as if everyone should hear what they have to say. This period, however, does not often last long. They fall back to reality as fast as they had _5_ risen above it all.What will it feel like to soar to such _6_ and look down like an eagle from up high on everyone else? And what will it feel like to have flown so high only to _7_ from your dream and realize you; are only human? Some only see the _8_ in losing something they had gained. They often make _9_ attempts to regain what they lost. Often these efforts result in even greater pain. Some become _10_ financially and emotionally. The only real winners are those who are happy to be back on the ground with the rest of us.A desperateB disappointingC crueltyD bankruptE fancyF protectsG altitudeH similarlyI wakeJ contestK objectL worshipingM dignityN originallyO protests8.When Roberto Feliz came to the USA from the Dominican Republic, he knew only a few words of English. Education soon became a _1_. I couldnt understand anything, he said. He _2_ from his teachers, came home in tears, and thought about dropping out.Then Mrs. Malave, a bilingual educator, began to work with him while teaching him math and science in his _3_Spanish. She helped me stay smart while teaching me English, he said. Given the chance to demonstrate his ability, he _4_ confidence and began to succeed in school.Today, he is a _5_ doctor, runs his own clinic ,and works with several hospitals .Every day, he uses the language and academic skills he _6_ through bilingual education to treat his patients.Robertos story is just one of _7_ success stories. Research has shown that bilingual education is the most _8_ way both to teach children English and ensure that they succeed academically. In Arizona and Texas, bilingual students _9_ outperform their peers in monolingual programs. Calexico, Calif. , implemented bilingual education, and now has dropout rates that are less than half the state average and college _10_ rates of more than 90%.In E1 Paso, bilingual education programs have helped raise student scores from the lowest in Texas to among the highest in the nation.A wonderB acquiredC consistentlyD regainedE nightmareF nativeG acceptanceH effectiveI hidJ prominentK decentL countlessM recalledN breakthroughO automatically9.As war spreads to many corners of the globe, children sadly have been drawn into the center of conflicts. In Afghanistan, Bosnia, and Colombia, however, groups of children have been taking part in peace education _1_. The children, after learning to resolve conflicts, took on the _2_ of peacemakers. The Childrens Movement for Peace in Colombia was even nominated(提名) for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1998. groups of children _3_ as peacemakers studied human rights and poverty issues inColombia, eventually forming a group with five other schools in Bogota known as The Schools of Peace.The classroom _4_ opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with _5_, peaceful ones. It is in the classroom that caring and respect for each person empowers children to take a step _6_toward becoming peacemakers.Fortunately, educators have access to many online resources that are _7_ useful when helping children along the path to peace. The Young Peacemakers Club, started in 1992, provides a Website with resources for teachers and _8_ on starting a Kindness Campaign. The World Centers of Compassion for Children International call attention to childrens rights and how to help the _9_ of war. Starting a Peacemakers Club is a praiseworthy venture for a class and one that could spread to other classrooms and ideally affect the culture of the _10_ school.A victimsB technologyC roleD respectivelyE projectsF offersG informationH imagesI forwardJ especiallyK entireL cooperativeM comprehensiveN assumingO acting10.Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can _1_ performance at work and school. Cognitive(认识派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on _2_ and gifts from others.The latter view has gained many supporters, _3_ among educators. But the careful use of small _4_ rewards speaks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements(刺激) indeed _5_inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.“If kids know theyre working for a reward and can focus on a relatively _6_ task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But its easy to _7_ creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands our high grades for _8_ achievement ends uPwith uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and _9_ failing grades.In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points to ward valued rewards, shows _10_ in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.A mentalB promiseC killD avoidE hopeF especiallyG aidH ordinaryI approvalJ monetaryK generallyL improveM challengingNrestoreO excellent11.Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text. The reader puts questions, as it were, to the text and gets answers. In the light of these he puts _1_ questions, and so on.For most of the time this “conversation” goes on below the level of consciousness. At times, however, we become _2_ of it. This is usually when we are running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between _3_ and meaning. When successful matching is being experienced, our question of the text continues at the unconscious level.Different people _4_ with the text differently. Some stay very close to the words on the page, others take off imaginatively from the words, interpreting, criticizing, analyzing and examining. The former represents a kind of comprehension which is _5_ in the text. The latter represents _6_ levels of comprehension. The balance between these is important, especially for advanced readers.There is another conversation which from our point of view is _7_ important, and that is to do not with what is read but with how it is read. We call this a “process” conversation as _8_ to a “content” conversation. It is concerned not with meaning but with the _9_ we employ in reading. If we are an advanced reader our ability to hold a process conversation with a text is usually pretty well _10_. Not so our ab