初中英语名词讲解及专项练习.doc

1名词（课时:2）一 介绍名词含义:名词是表示人、事物、地方或抽象概念的词。二名词的分类：专有名词 ( 人名，地名，机构 ) William，Linda, Canada，China，the United Nations, WTO 普通名词 可数名词: 包括 单数(只有一个) 和 复数(两个以上). 不可数名词: 只有单数. 物质名词 milk， water， tea， bread，beef, meat, rice， fish， coffee，sugar，salt 抽象名词 information， friendship， knowledge， work， advice， science, news, weather 三重点:单数名词 变 复数名词 的规则：1. 一般情况下，加“s”. eg: books，stamps， pens， tables 2. 以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的，加 “es” eg: buses， boxes， foxes， watches， matches， beaches， coaches, brushes 3. 以 “o ”, 结尾的，加 “es ”or “s ” eg: Negroes ni:gr、 heroes、 volcanoes vlken、 tomatoes、 potatoes、 radios、 pianos、 zoos、 photos、 bamboos、video 需加es的记忆技巧：黑人（Negro）英雄（hero）在火山上（volcano）爱吃西红柿（tomato）和土豆（potato）4. 以“辅音字母 + y” 结尾的，把“y”变为“i”，再加“es ”. eg: city - cities， country - countries， family - families, story - stories 5. 以“f” 或 “fe” 结尾的， 把“f” 或 “fe”变为“ves”。 eg: thiefthieves wifewives life - lives halfhalves leaf - leaves， knife - knives，wolf wolves, shelfshelves, loafloaves 记忆技巧：贼人（thief）的妻子（wife）在她一生（life）中用半（half）片树叶（leaf）当刀子（knife）杀死了七匹狼（wolf）然后去偷架子（shelf）上的面包（loaf）。 6）不规则变化： man - men， woman - women， policeman - policemen, child - children， ox - oxen foot - feet， tooth - teeth, goose - geese, mouse - mice， fish - fish， sheep - sheep deer - deer， meansmeans， Chinese - Chinese， Japanese - Japanese 注意： 当 man / woman 作定语、修饰复数名词时，man / woman 与所修饰的名词要同时变为复数。 例如： a man teacher - men teachers; a woman teacher - women teachers 四重点： 名词的所有格 （- 的） （1）单数名词词尾加 s ； 以 s 结尾的单数名词， 则只加 . the boys bag； Marys cap； Mr Jamesoffice （2）复数名词 如果不以 s 结尾，则加 s ； 复数名词 如果以 s 结尾， 则只加 . the Childrens Palace mens room the teachers reading-room 10 minuteswalk （3）如果表示 几个人共有一样东西，只需 在最后一个人的名字后面加 s . 如果表示 各自所有，就必须 在各个名字后面加 s . This is Tom and Marks room. These are Toms and Marks rooms. （4）the + 名词 of 名词 the windows of the house the name of the city the picture of the Tom s 结构 也可以转换成 of结构 the girls name - the name of the girl Toms friend - the friend of Tom （5）a + 名词 of 名词s / a + 名词 of 名词性物主代词 ( 表示“其中之一” ) a picture of Toms; a friend of mine 名词专项训练 1- Are there any in the zoo ? - Yes, there are some. A. panda B. lion C. tiger D. deer 2There is only one doctor and several nurses in this hospital. A. man / woman B. man / women C. men / woman D. men / women 3- What can I do for you ? - Id like two . A. bottle of orange juice B. bottle of orange juices C. bottles of orange juice D. bottles of orange juices 4This is bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much. A. Anna and Jane B. Annas and Janes C. Annas and Jane D. Anna and Janes 5Well have a holiday. What about going to the Great Wall ? A. four days B. four-day C. four-days D. four days 6Paul has friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely. A. many B. some C. few D. more 7How many can you see in the picture ? A. water B. child C. deer D. factorys 8This is an old photo of mine. At that time I had . A. short hairs B. short hair C. many short hair D. much short hairs 9- Where are the ? - They are playing football on the playground. A. boys students / the B. boy students / the C. boy student / X D. boy students / X 10I have to speak to my grandpa loudly because theres something wrong with his . A. eyes B. legs C. mouth D. ears 11Jenny gave us on how to learn English well. A. some advices B. many advices C. some advice D. an advice 12We have bought two for the coming party. A. box of strawberry B. boxes of strawberries C. box of strawberries D. boxes of strawberry 13Mr Smith is a friend of . A. Johns uncle B. John uncles C. Johns uncles D. John uncle 14- Would you like tea ? - No, thanks. I have drunk two . A. any / bottle of juice B. some / bottles of juice C. many / bottles of juices D. few / bottles of juice 15These are the toys. A. child B. children C. childrens D. children 16There are hardly any in the river now because of the pollution. A. duck B. fish C. goose D. water 17She told me the day before yesterday. A. a good news B. such a good news C. so good a news D. a piece of good news 18I wont go there with you, for I have a lot of to do. A. works B. job C. work D. working 19There all kinds of in this shop. A. are / watches B. be / watches C. is / watches D. be / watch 20There are on the desk. A. a paper B. some papers C. a piece of paper D. some pieces of paper 21Id like , please. A. two bottle of beer B. two bottle of beers C. two bottles of beer D. two bottles of beers 22These are backpacks. A. Lily and Lucy B. Lily and Lucys C. Lilys and Lucy D. Lilys and Lucys 23Well have this summer. A. a two months vacation B. two months vacation C. a two-months vacation D. a two-month vacation 24I go to the once a month. A. barber B. barbers C. barbers D. barbers 25I want to know opinion. A. everyones else B. everyone else C. everyone elses D. everyone elses 26I walked into the office, and put the letter on my desk. A. teachers / teachers B. teachers / teachers C. teachers / teachers D. teachers / teachers 27Theres no for more cars in the parking lot. It is too crowded. A. room B. rooms C. house D. houses 28My shoes were worn out, so I decided to buy a new . A. show B. shoes C. pair D. one 29Could you speak in a loud ? I cant hear you clearly. A. voice B. noise C. sound D. throat 30Only one has been chosen. I dont know whether it is a man or a woman. A. people B. pe