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哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文三维数控工作台的设计与开发摘要在当前生产中的许多机械设备中均需要精密定位，而其中的三维精密定位工作台作为关键部件将直接影响其整机的性能和精度。为保证机器性能，工作台要在X方向和Y方向实现快速准确的定位，并且要求在Z方向能够实现精确调整和定位，要实现快速和准确定位，必须对工作台进行改装，使用步进电机和控制卡。本文设计的工作台就是基于单片机控制的三维数控工作台。本次研究的课题的主要内容包括：充分利用实验室中废旧的二维工作台，通过对硬件诸如直线导轨，深沟球轴承，滚珠丝杠，步进电机等的选择并对零件的整体连接结构进行设计从而组装出一台可运转的三维工作台；利用三维建模软件对所选择的工作台的各部分零件进行建模，装配，并对装配好的三维工作台实现运动仿真；利用VB语言对插补程序进行软件设计；需要完成对三维工作台的控制系统的设计，主要包括对开闭环的选择，对80C51单片机功能的充分认识并编写控制程序，充分理解、学习插补技术在三维数控工作台中的应用。通过上述研究内容，我们可以的到一台经济，实用，精密度较高的三维数控工作台，通过与普通工作台的比较，我们可以从中得出插补技术对于数控工作台的影响。可以说将插补技术应用到现代数控加工已经是一个不可逆转的趋势，因此本课题具有很高的研究价值。关键词 数控系统；三维工作台；单片机；插补技术Design and development of 3D NC workbenchAbstractTo study the influence of the parameters of open NC servo feed systems and spatial geometry error on the precision and find methods to realize the high precision control of numerical control (NC) system, the development of the control system of a two-axis NC worktable ,consisting of ball screws and linear roller guides, was presented in this thesis. The system is based on an open architecture PMAC (Programmable multi-Axis controller) motion control card to realize real-time control. Some experiments concerning control test and error measurement and analysis can be carried out on the designed worktable. At first, the configuration of control system of the 3D NC worktable Was proposed ,and its software was developed. Modular software development concept featured the system design, which includes the following modules: machining position and speed sampled display module; file management module; parameters setting module; error diagnosis module; precision analysis module; manual debugging module; machine simulation module; help module.As one of focuses, the error measurement and precision analysis of the worktable were emphasized in the development of the system software. Series of experiments about system control and precision were made on the worktable. The precision characteristics of the half-loop and closed-loop position feedbacks were analyzed. Through comparing the theoretical analysis with the data collected from experiments ,a conclusion has been drawn that the smallest contour error will be got if the two axes have the same servo characteristics. The ball-bar ,which is considered to be more reliable than linearscales in measuring contour error, was used to measure the circular motion of the system. The experiment result showed that the contour error of the system was big .By analysis of the error source based on a mathematical model of the measuring system proposed in this thesis, it was found that it was the installation inclination of linear scales that caused so big error. By compensating the error with the measured result by the ball-bar ,the precision of the control system had been improved.Keywords Numerical Control System；three-dimensional NC workbench；SCM；Interpolation technique；III目录摘要IAbstractII第1章 绪论11.1课题研究的意义11.2课题研究的现状11.3课题研究的主要内容2第2章 三维数控工作台的硬件选择及连接结构32.1三维数控工作台的工作原理介绍32.2三维数控工作台的基本结构32.3步进电机的选择42.4丝杠的选型与校核52.4.1滚珠丝杠的简单介绍52.4.2滚珠丝杠的选型72.4.3滚珠丝杠的校核82.5直线导轨的选型与计算92.5.1直线导轨的简单介绍92.5.2直线导轨的选型102.6联轴器的选型122.6.1联轴器的简介122.6.2联轴器的选型132.7轴承选型142.8本章小结16第3章 三维数控工作台的Pro/E三维建模173.1 Pro/E建模软件简介173.2 Pro/E界面介绍173.3零件三维建模实例介绍183.3.1新建文件183.3.2建立拉伸特征193.3.3建立螺旋特征203.3.4建立螺母副特征203.3.5进行颜色和外观设计