高中英语 22 Learning about Language同步精品课件 新人教版必修1.ppt

研读材料 完成下列内容 一 重点单词熟记1 ju sid n 使用 用法 词语惯用法2 k m nd n vt 命令 指挥 掌握3 ri kwest n vt 请求 要求 section learningaboutlanguage usage command request 二 重点短语探究1 代替 而不是 2 和 不同 3 往下看 4 关上 5 holdon 6 makesense insteadof bedifferentfrom lookdown turnoff 等一下 别挂断 讲得通 有意义 三 教材佳句背诵1 itisnoteasyforachinesepersontospeakenglish fluently anativeenglishspeaker 对于一个中国人 把英语说得像英国本国的人一样流利不容易 2 weknow britishenglishisalittledifferentfromamericanenglish 众所周知 英式英语与美式英语不同 as as as 1 command 1 n 命令 控制 掌握 指挥权hegiveshiscommandsinaloudvoice 他大声发出命令 jimmyhasahundredmenunderhiscommand 吉米指挥一百个人 you dbetterreadandwritemoretohaveagoodcommandofenglish 要掌握好英语就要多读多写 归纳拓展 underthecommandof underone scommand由 指挥 控制beincommandof控制 beatone scommand听任某人支配takecommandof控制havea good commandof 了解 掌握 2 vt 命令 指挥 支配thegeneralcommandedhissoldierstofire 将军命令他的士兵们开火 thepiratechiefcommandedthattheprisoners should beshot 海盗首领下令将俘虏枪杀 注意 command后可接that从句 从句中的谓语动词用should 动词原形 should可省略 即境活用 用适当的介词填空 forthefirsttimeinyears ifelt commandofherlife thearmyis thegeneral scommand thepolicearrivedandtookcommand thesituation themoneyis hiscommand whichhecanspendonanythinghelikes in under of at 2 requestn vt 请求 要求 搭配 1 atsb srequest attherequestofsb应某人之请求byrequest ofsb 应 某人的 请求 经 某人的 要求makearequestforsth要求得到 makearequestthat从句做出请求 2 requeststhfrom ofsb向某人要求某物requestsbtodosth要求某人做某事request that从句从句中谓语用 should do hecametoattendthepartybyrequest 他应邀来参加宴会 thelittleboyrequestedatoyfrom ofhismother 小男孩向妈妈要玩具 requestsbnottodosth通常用被动语态 即 berequestednottodosththey vemadeanurgentrequestforaninternationalaid thattheinternationalaidshouldbeoffered 他们紧急请求国际援助 youarerequestednottosmokeinthepublicplaces 公共场所不准吸烟 点津 request后面跟宾语从句 同位语从句时 从句谓语用should do should可省 即为虚拟语气 即境活用 句型转换 iattendedtheirweddingbyrequest iattendedtheirwedding theworkersmadearequestforapayraise theworkersmadearequestthat theworkersrequestedthat attheirrequest theirpayshouldberaised theirpayshouldberaised 3 asweknow britishenglishisalittledifferentfromamericanenglish 众所周知 英式英语与美式英语有所不同 句式分析 该句中as引导非限制性定语从句 且在从句中充当know的宾语 as指代整个主句的内容 as引导非限制性定语从句 其先行词往往是整个主句 常译为 正像 一样 正如 一样 常见的表达方式有 asiswellknown众所周知 asoftenhappens这种情况经常发生 asisoftenthecase情况常常这样 asissupposed如所预料的 ashasbeenpointedout如所指出的 ashasbeensaidbefore如前所述 asweallknow众所周知 asicanremember正如我所记得的 asweexpect正如我们所预料的那样 aswehavepointedout fewpeoplearetotalwinnersorlosers 正如我们已指出的 很少有人是完全的胜者或完全的败者 as作pointedout的宾语 指代后面整个句子的内容 asisknowntoall chinaisadevelopingcountry 众所周知 中国是一个发展中国家 as作isknowntoall的主语 指代后面整个句子 即境活用 iexplainedonthephone yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmeeting a whenb afterc asd since c 语法导图 知能精解一 祈使句变间接引语直接引语是祈使句 变为间接引语时 要变为ask tell ordersb not todosth的句式 人称 时间状语 地点状语按要求作相应变化 pleasedon tdisturbme hesaidtotheboy heaskedtheboynottodisturbhim stayhereuntiltomorrow saidmygrandma mygrandmatoldmetostaythereuntilthefollowingday 学法点拨 去掉引号要加to ask order须记住 替换said要考虑 去掉please莫迟疑 直引若是否定式 not加在to前来显示 误区警示 有些表建议 要求或劝告的祈使句变为间接引语时 可以用suggest insist offer等动词加以转述 此时要注意这些词的固定搭配 hesaid let sgotothemuseum hesuggestedthatwe should gotothemuseum thedoctorsaidtohim don tdrinktoomuch thedoctorsuggestedthatheshouldnotdrinktoomuch 当祈使句作直接引语表示请求时 变间接引语常采用request beg asksbtodosth的形式 若原句中没有称呼语 通常可加上me him us等 theteachersaid willyoupleasenotsmokehere theteacherrequestedusnottosmokethere couldyouhelpmewithmyhomework shesaid sheaskedmetohelpherwithherhomework oneofthedoctorssaid letmegoonwiththeoperation dr bethune oneofthedoctorsbeggeddr bethunetolethimgoonwiththeoperation 考法提示 对祈使句变间接引语的考查 实际上是考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法 其中动词不定式的否定形式 主动形式 被动形式也是考查的切入点 二 直接引语变间接引语时时态不变的7种情况1 当直接引语阐述的是一成不变的科学真理 客观事实 格言时 变为间接引语时其时态不变 ourgeographyteachersaidtous thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest ourgeographyteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest 2 当直接引语中阐述的是过去的客观事实 变为间接引语时 时态不变 ourhistoryteachertaughtus thepeople srepublicofchinawasfoundedin1949 ourhistoryteachertaughtusthatthepeople srepublicofchinawasfoundedin1949 3 直接引语是过去进行时 jacksaid john whatwereyoudoingwheniphonedyou jackaskedjohnwhathewasdoingwhenhephonedhim 4 直接引语中有明确的过去时间状语 xiaowangsaid iwasbornonapril20 1980 xiaowangsaidhewasbornonapril20 1980 5 当直接引语中主句是一般现在时或一般将来时 变为间接引语时 其时态不变 hesays ihaveacceptedhersuggestion hesaysthathehasacceptedhersuggestion fredwillsay ihaven tfinishedtheworkyet fredwillsaythathehasn tfinishedtheworkyet 6 如果直接引语是虚拟语气 变为间接引语时 时态不变 iinsistthatyougiveupsmoking saidthedoctor thedoctorinsistedthatigiveupsmoking 7 有些情态动词没有过去式 当直接引语变为间接引语时 可以用原来的情态动词 也可以用其他形式表达 youmustn tcrosstheroadagainsttheredlight saidthepoliceman thepolicemansaidthatimustn tcrosstheroadagainsttheredlight mustigotobedateight jimaskedhismother jimaskedhismotherifhehadtogotobedateight 学法点拨 直接引语变间接引语时 人称 动词时态 时间 地点等方面需要作相应的变动 但是其中不能变化的情况要特别记忆 这些是判断宾语从句中谓语动词时态时必须要考虑的问题 典例剖析 sheaskedme knockofftheglassofwater a pleasebecarefulnottob tobecarefulnottoc tobecarefultonotd nottobecarefulto解析祈使句变为间接引语时 要在祈使句的动词原形前加上动词不定式符号to 否定形式在to前加not 如果句中有please 应去掉 本句中否定的是toknockoff 而非tobecareful 故不选d项 答案b theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet buthismothertoldhim a nottob nottodoc notdoitd donotto解析考查动词不定式作宾补的用法 但也可把后一分句看作祈使句转换为间接引语 假如用直接引语可写成 buthismothersaidtohim don trideyourbicycleinthestreet 改成间接引语应为 buthismothertoldhimnottoridehisbicycleinthestreet 因前一句中有toride 因此可省略 故选a项 答案a themanagertoldher topostthelettersby3 00intheafternoon a dorememberb besuretorememberc torememberd remembering解析tellsbtodosth 告诉某人做某事 用带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语 此处为间接引语 改为直接引语为 themanagersaidtoher pleaseremembertopostthelettersby3 00intheafternoon 答案c myenglishteacheradvisedi keepmymouthshuttoimprovemyspokenenglish a tob nottoc notd mustn t解析advise后跟从句时 从句用虚拟语气 谓语动词用 should 动词原形 should可以省略 主语i限制advised后只能接宾语从句 若用动词不定式表达 应用宾格me 答案c 知能精练 将下列直接引语变为间接引语1 mothersaidtotheboy hurryup 2 theteachersaid don tbelateagain mary 3 don tgetoutoftheway saidmrwu mothertoldtheboytohurryup theteachertoldmarynottobelateagain mrwutoldusnottogetoutoftheway 4 pleaseopenthedoor hesaidtoher 5 theteachersaid standupanddon tbeafraidtosaywhatyouthink 6 shesaid whatalovelydayitis 7 sheasked willyoupleasepassmethebook heaskedhertoopenthedoor theteachertoldustostandupandnottobeafraidtosay whatwethought shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas sheaskedmetopassherthebook 8 you dbetterstarttomorrow tomsaidtoalice 9 hesaid happybirthday 10 letmestayupalittlelongertonight mother hesaid tomadvisedalicetostartthenextday hewishedmeahappybirthday hebeggedhismothertolethimstayupalittlelonger thatnight 单项填空1 don ttellthenewstohim shesaid sheadvisedme a nottellthenewstohimb tonottellthenewstohimc nottotellthenewstohimd nottellingthenewstohim解析否定祈使句变为间接引语时要用nottodosth作宾语补足语 答案c 2 thelittleboyaskedhisfatherifhe stayathometospendthatweekend a mustb hadtoc havetod could解析在间接引语中可用haveto表示 必须 此处用过去时 答案b 3 motherinsistedthati homeforthespringfestival a wouldgob mightgoc shouldgod shallgo解析insist作 坚决主张 讲时 其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气 即从句谓语动词用 should 动词原形 答案c 4 theassistanttellsmethatshe therequestinsteadofmewhileiwasaway a repliedtob hasrepliedtoc hadrepliedd replied解析由句子后半部分whileiwasaway可知 前面要用一般过去时态 而reply为不及物动词 replytosb sth表示 答复某人 某事 答案a 5 theteachertoldusthatthesecondworldwar in1939 a hadbrokenoutb brokeoutc wasbrokenoutd hasbrokenout解析若间接引语中有具体的表示过去的时间状语 用一般过去时 答案b 6 thatscientistsaidtothoselittlechildrenthattheearth aroundthesun a travelsb travelledc hastravelledd hadtravelled解析当间接引语表示的是客观真理时 它所在的宾语从句用一般现在时态 不受主句谓语动词的影响 答案a 7 hesaidtousthathe theteacher sinstructions a mustfollowb followedc followd musthavefollowed解析must没有过去式 变为间接引语时 用原来的形式 must作 必须 讲时 不用于musthavedone中 答案a 8 theboss alltheemployeestoworkwithgreatcare a askedb saidc agreedd spoke解析四个选项中只有ask可用于 vt sb todo 结构中 答案a 9 thegeneralorderedallthesoldiers alert 警惕的 a stayedb tostayc staysd shouldstayed解析ordersbtodosth命令某人做某事 答案b 10 thebossorderedthework inthreedays a finishb tofinishc tobefinishedd finished解析ordersthtobedone要求某事被做 此题中finish与work之间是逻辑上的动宾关系 所以用tobefinished 也可以使用 should befinished 这样ordered后接的是宾语从句 并使用了虚拟语气 答案c