北京市北京师范大学南湖附属学校高三英语 虚拟语气复习课件 .ppt

虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实 而是一种假设 愿望 怀疑或推测 subjunctivemood 1 虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法 动词过去式 were should would could might 动词原形 had 过去分词 should would could might have 过去分词 should would could might 动词原形 1 should 动词原形2 动词过去式3 wereto 动词原形 ifiwereyou ishouldaccepttheinvitation 如果我是你 我会接受邀请的 ifihadtime iwouldgothere 如果我有空 我就去那儿 ifheweretocome whatshouldwesaytohim 假如他来了 我们对他说什么呢 ifheshouldseeme hewouldknowme 假如他看见我 就会认识我 ifyouhadcomeearlier youcouldn thavemissedthebus 如果你早点来 你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了 iftherulesofperspectivehadnotbeendiscovered noonewouldhavebeenabletopaintsuchrealisticpictures a whydon tourgrandchildrenvisitusmoreoften b theydon thaveenoughtime ifthey moretime they usmoreoften 2019 12 25 a iwonderwhyfredworkssohard b idon tknow hemustlikehisjob a ifhe hisjob he sohard whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery ifiwonthelottery iwould ifi ateacher i were ifhe morecarefully he thecaraccidentyesterday haddriven wouldnothavehad 虚拟语气在 if 条件句中的倒装 如果条件句中有were had should等助动词 可将if省略 而把were had或should置于句首 1 shoulditrain wereittoraintomorrow themeetingwouldbeputoff 2 hadheseenyouyesterday hewouldhavereturnedyourbook ifyouhadlistenedtome you notbe insuchtroublenow 与过去事实相反 与现在事实相反 wouldnotbe 主句谓语和从句谓语发生的时间不同 分别选用相应的谓语形式 1 ifhehadn tmarriedjane he live suchahappylifenow 2 ifiwereyou i accept theprizemoneyjustnow wouldn tbeliving wouldhaveaccepted 错综时间条件句 句子不一定有条件从句 只是一介词短语 但谓语仍然用虚拟语气 withoutyourhelp wecouldnothavecompletedthetaskaheadoftime ifwehadnothadyourhelp we butforhispension he starve todeath wouldstarve withoutthemoneydonatedbythewarm heartedpeople theboy fromtheillness a wouldrecoverb couldnotrecoverc wouldhaverecoveredd couldnothaverecovered 含蓄条件句 withoutthenewpaintsandthenewtechnique wewouldnotbeabletoseethemanygreatmasterpiecesforwhichthisperiodisfamous withouttheimpressionists manyofthesepaintingstylesmightnotexist 3 butfortheirhelp wecouldnothavefinishedtheprogramintime 3 iwassobusythen otherwise iwouldhavegonetohelphim 1 alice whydidn tyoucomeyesterday i butihadanunexpectedvisitor a hadb wouldc wasgoingtod did2 withoutsubjunctive english mucheasier a willbeb wouldhavebeenc couldhavebeend wouldbe ifiwereabutterfly iwouldflytodrinknectarinthemostbeautifulflowersintheworld ifiwereabigtree iwouldgrowsotallthatiwouldtouchthesky butsadlyi mnot soimustmakethebestoflifeasitis finishthefollowingpoem whatwillyoudoifitrainstomorrow 真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的 采用陈述语气 iwillstayathomeifitrainstomorrow v ed were haddone would could should might v 原 would could should might have p p 1 v ed 2 should v 原 3 weretodo would could should might v 原 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法 2 wish引导的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 过去时 were had 过去分词 would could might 动词原形 ifyousawafallingstar whatwisheswouldyoumake iwishi 1 iwishi go toauniversityilikenextyear 2 iwishi be ashandsomeasbeckham 3 imissedthepartylastnight howiwishi attend it couldgo were hadattended iwishi iwisheveryday mybirthday thepartywasterrible iwish iwishi peopleareoftennotsatisfiedwiththeirpresentsituation theywillexpresstheirwishesforadifferentsituationusingsubjunctivemood eg sheisnotbeautiful shewishesshewerebeautiful 1 iamtooshorttoplaybasketball 2 itisagreatpityyoucan tcome 3 itisimpossibleforhimtovisitusnextweek 4 hecan tdrawverywell 5 iwanttogotopariswithyou butican t iwish iwish iwish iwish ending requirements 要求 makefulluseofyourimaginativemindmakedifferentsituationalwishes iwishiwereabirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky iwishiwereatreeandcouldgrowquicklytotouchthesky iwishiwereaflowerandcouldshowmybeautytoeveryone iwishiwereagrassandcouldoverthedifficultiesfromthestone iwishiwereahorseandcouldrunwildlyinthegrassland iwishicouldachieveallmywilddreams iwishiwereabirdsothaticouldflyintheskyfreely iwishiwerethesunsothaticouldlightupeverycorneroftheworld iwishiwereafishsothaticouldswiminthebroadsee iwishiwereaflowersothaticouldbeautifyourenvironment iwishiwereastarsothaticouldtwinkleandshineinthesky iwishnoonejudgedapersonbytheclotheshewears iwishnoonedroppedoutofschoolforlackofmoney iwisheveryoneontheearthlivedinpeacewithoutwar iwisheveryonemadeeffortstoprotectouronlyearth iwishoureffortswouldn tbeinvain iwishtherewerenoracialdiscriminationintheworld butiknowonlybydiligenceandperseverancecanwerealizethesedreams iwishiwereabee iwouldcollectmorehoneytogivepeoplesweet iwishiwerethesun iwouldkeepthecropsinenoughsunshine iwishiwereastar iwouldgivepeoplelightwithwhichpeoplecangohomesafely iwishiwereakite iwouldflytotheskywithchildren sdreams iwishiwereastamp iwouldkeeptwofriendsintouchforever iwishiwereacup iwouldbeheldbythepersonwhoiloveverymuch iwishiwereabook iwouldbepopularwithwhoareeagertolearnknowledge butiamjustaseniorhighstudent whatishoulddoistrymybesttomakemyschoollifemorecolorful v ed were haddone would could should might v 原 would could should might have p p 1 v ed 2 should v 原 3 weretodo would could should might v 原 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法 withoutthenewpaintsandthenewtechnique wewouldnotbeabletoseethemanygreatmasterpiecesforwhichthisperiodisfamous withouttheimpressionists manyofthesepaintingstylesmightnotexist 3 butfortheirhelp wecouldnothavefinishedtheprogramintime 3 iwassobusythen otherwise iwouldhavegonetohelphim 2 wish引导的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 过去时 were had 过去分词 would could might 动词原形 一个坚持 两个命令 三个建议 四个要求 insist order command advise suggest propose demand require request desire order command advice suggestion proposal demand requirement request desire 这类词引导的名词性从句要使用should 动词原形 或者将should省略 1 thedoctor ssuggestionisthathe shoud trytoloseweight 2 didheacceptthedoctor ssuggestionthathe should trytoloseweight 3 itissuggestedthathe should trytoloseweight 4 thedoctorsuggestedthathe should trytoloseweight 表语从句 同位语从句 主语从句 宾语从句 iwouldratheryoucouldteachmeagain iwouldrather 我宁愿他们明天来 themanagerwouldratherthathissecretary 经理宁愿他的秘书代替他去开会 wouldrather后的宾语从句 wouldrather that 从句 与过去事实相反had 过去分词与现在事实相反过去式与将来事实相反过去式 theycametomorrow wenttothemeetinginsteadofhim 以asif asthough 似乎 仿佛 引出的方式状语从句 如果表示真实情况应该用陈述语气 如果表示非真实情况则应该用虚拟语气 其谓语动词的虚拟式与wish后面宾语从句中谓语动词的虚拟式相同 asif asthough引导的从句 1 heactedasusualasthoughnothinghadhappened 2 theboyactedasthoughhehadneverlivedincanadabefore 由ifonly 要是 那该多好啊 引导的惊叹句 1 ifonlyihadpassedthetest 2 ifonlyheknewtheanswer 3 ifonlyicouldspeakseveralforeignlanguages 4 ifonlyyouhadtoldmethetruthbefore 5 ifonlytherainwouldstop 动词用一般过去时表示目前