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摘要
在玉米分段收获时，玉米剥皮工序劳动强度大，费工时和误农时，且影响玉米的质量和
质量等问题，针对我国玉米收获后剥皮这个重要环节，设计出场上玉米剥皮机，并对其结构
及技术参数予以设计。微型玉米剥皮机是收获玉米穗外表皮的一种机具，本机为4辊机型，可满足单户、联户和种粮大户使用。它代替了传统人工剥皮的紧张劳动，减轻了人们的劳动强度，提高了劳动效率，有效地防止了因剥皮不及时而造成的玉米霉烂损失，该机结构简单，调整方便性能可靠，生产效率高，可采用电动机、柴油机或三轮农用运输车发动机作动力，本机采用单相交流电动机作动力。剥皮装置中剥皮辊一般有螺旋铁棍和橡胶辊组成，铁棍对籽粒有严重损伤，所以本机要求采用全橡胶辊。在满足剥净率95%以上。工作效率达到1500kg/h，动力源3kw的设计要求的前提下进行设计。为达到设计要求，主要剥皮装置采用全橡胶的玉米剥皮辊，并且两辊高低设置，且可以根据玉米棒的大小不同调节两辊间的距离。这避免了传统设计方法中采用铸铁辊对玉米籽粒的损坏，而且在结构上比传统设计方法更为合理。经计算、校核，该机符合设计要求，并且在剥皮装置与传统方式上较传统设计有所改进，更适于在广大农村的推广应用。
【关键词】 玉米剥皮机 剥皮辊 传动系统 动力源
Title: Corn’s Clothes Takes-Off Machine
Abstract
At the devided harvest time, the labor force of corn’s clothes take-off by hard is to strong. It wastes time and decreases the quantity of the corn. To solve the problem of corn’s clothes take-off in our country, we designed the corn’s clothes take-off machine including the structure and the technical parameter design. It is a machine that take off the corn’s clothes. It has four types, respectively for single, union of several and big harvest. The machine instead of the traditional handed labor, reduce the people’s labor strength, raise the efficiency and prevent the corn’s damage. The structure of the machine is simple. The machine is easily adopted, reiable and efficiency. The power of the machine can use electric motor、diesel engine and the power of agricultural car.This machine adoption list mutually the alternate current motive makes the motive. Peel to equip to win to peel the son of to have the spiral iron casting son of and the rubber son of to constitute generally, cast iron the son of to have severity to the seed grain to hurt, so this machine adoption the whole rubber son of. Designed under premise that must be get go 95% of take-off rate and efficiency required no less than 1500kg/h, power no more than or equality 3kw. For get to these requirements, main take-off part makes use of rubber cylinder, and they are installed up-down. It is more reasonable than orthodox way. The transmission system makes use of binary level decreasing velocity. Via computed and checked, the machine is right. Specially, it is better than forming designing. Worthwhile, it is widely applied in rural.
Key words: Corn’s clothes、 Take-off Machine、 Cylinder、 transmission system、 Power resource
微型玉米剥皮机设计
摘要
在玉米分段收获时，玉米剥皮工序劳动强度大，费工时和误农时，且影响玉米的质量和
质量等问题，针对我国玉米收获后剥皮这个重要环节，设计出场上玉米剥皮机，并对其结构
及技术参数予以设计。微型玉米剥皮机是收获玉米穗外表皮的一种机具，本机为4辊机型，可满足单户、联户和种粮大户使用。它代替了传统人工剥皮的紧张劳动，减轻了人们的劳动强度，提高了劳动效率，有效地防止了因剥皮不及时而造成的玉米霉烂损失，该机结构简单，调整方便性能可靠，生产效率高，可采用电动机、柴油机或三轮农用运输车发动机作动力，本机采用单相交流电动机作动力。剥皮装置中剥皮辊一般有螺旋铁棍和橡胶辊组成，铁棍对籽粒有严重损伤，所以本机要求采用全橡胶辊。在满足剥净率95%以上。工作效率达到1500kg/h，动力源3kw的设计要求的前提下进行设计。为达到设计要求，主要剥皮装置采用全橡胶的玉米剥皮辊，并且两辊高低设置，且可以根据玉米棒的大小不同调节两辊间的距离。这避免了传统设计方法中采用铸铁辊对玉米籽粒的损坏，而且在结构上比传统设计方法更为合理。经计算、校核，该机符合设计要求，并且在剥皮装置与传统方式上较传统设计有所改进，更适于在广大农村的推广应用。
【关键词】 玉米剥皮机 剥皮辊 传动系统 动力源
Title: Corn’s Clothes Takes-Off Machine
Abstract
At the devided harvest time, the labor force of corn’s clothes take-off by hard is to strong. It wastes time and decreases the quantity of the corn. To solve the problem of corn’s clothes take-off in our country, we designed the corn’s clothes take-off machine including the structure and the technical parameter design. It is a machine that take off the corn’s clothes. It has four types, respectively for single, union of several and big harvest. The machine instead of the traditional handed labor, reduce the people’s labor strength, raise the efficiency and prevent the corn’s damage. The structure of the machine is simple. The machine is easily adopted, reiable and efficiency. The power of the machine can use electric motor、diesel engine and the power of agricultural car.This machine adoption list mutually the alternate current motive makes the motive. Peel to equip to win to peel the son of to have the spiral iron casting son of and the rubber son of to constitute generally, cast iron the son of to have severity to the seed grain to hurt, so this machine adoption the whole rubber son of. Designed under premise that must be get go 95% of take-off rate and efficiency required no less than 1500kg/h, power no more than or equality 3kw. For get to these requirements, main take-off part makes use of rubber cylinder, and they are installed up-down. It is more reasonable than orthodox way. The transmission system makes use of binary level decreasing velocity. Via computed and checked, the machine is right. Specially, it is better than forming designing. Worthwhile, it is widely applied in rural.
Key words: Corn’s clothes、 Take-off Machine、 Cylinder、 transmission system、 Power resource
目录
摘要---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
Abstract----------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
引 言--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
1题目来源及技术要求----------------------------------------------------------------1
1.1任务来源------------------------------------------------------------------------1
1.2剥皮机的设计要求如下--------------------------------------------------------2
1.3玉米剥皮机结构简介----------------------------------------------------------2
2总体方案的分析---------------------------------------------------------------------3
2.1剥皮的工艺过程----------------------------------------------------------------3
2.2方案的选择---------------------------------------------------------------------3
2.3主要工作部件形式的选择----------------------------------------------------3
3总体配置的确定--------------------------------------------------------------------4
3.1 机架的配置--------------------------------------------------------------------4
3.2 传动系统配置-----------------------------------------------------------------5
4 剥皮装置的确定---------------------------------------------------------------------6
4.1 剥皮辊长度确定---------------------------------------------------------------6
4.2 剥皮辊生产能力的确定------------------------------------------------------6
4.3 剥皮部件的设计---------------------------------------------------------------7
5 执行部件及机架设计---------------------------------------------------------------8
5.1 果穗料斗的设计---------------------------------------------------------------8
5.2机架、连接架的设计------------------------------------------------------------9
6 传动部分设计----------------------------------------------------------------------10
6.1 玉米果穗在剥皮辊间的受力分析------------------------------------------10
6.2 皮带传动的设计计算及校核----------------------------------------------11
6.3 齿轮的设计-------------------------------------------------------------------13
6.4 轴的强度校核与设计计算--------------------------------------------------20
6.5 键的选择---------------------------------------------------------------------22
6.6 轴承的选择-------------------------------------------------------------------22
6.7 电动机的选择----------------------------------------------------------------22
7 6YBJ—4型玉米剥皮机的保养、使用、调整及修复-------------------------23
7.1 每日技术保养----------------------------------------------------------------23
7.2 传动装置的使用和调整-----------------------------------------------------23
7.3 机器的保管-------------------------------------------------------------------24
7.4 工作部件损坏的修复和调整------------------------------------------------24
总结-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25
参考文献-------------------------------------------------------------------------------26
表1-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------27
表2-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28
表3-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29
表4-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------30
引言
国内外玉米剥皮机的概况：（1）前苏联玉米剥皮机的概况 前苏联的玉米种植面积达1200万h,仅次于美国的种植面积。由于生产需要，研制了O-4B型玉米剥皮机。随着农业机械化的发展，又研制了O -5、O-15、O-15C、O-15Ⅱ 和O-5等多种剥皮机。（2）美国玉米剥皮机的概况 美国玉米种植面积占全世界玉米种植面积的37%，由于生产过程对机械化得迫切要求，在1885年就研制成功了场上作业的玉米剥皮机；1908年又研制了田间摘穗剥皮机；现在已经向联合自走的方向发展。（3）我国玉米剥皮机研制现状 从20世纪50年代开始，我国进行玉米剥皮机的研制工作。如丰收—2卧、丰收—2立和4YBJ—2型的田间玉米摘穗剥皮机。60年代，中国农机院与黑龙江农业机械化研究所协作设计了YD—3型玉米剥皮机。70年代，黑龙江省红兴隆国营农场管理局设计了场上玉米剥皮机。1979年，辽宁省农业机械化研究所研制的4YB—2型玉米收获机及吉林农业机械化研究所研制的4QY—2型玉米收获机都配置了剥皮机构。
根据设计任务书的要求，微型玉米剥皮机是一种专玉米表皮的专用机械。这种机械主要针对农村的广大农民用户使用，所以此机械必须具有如下特点：（1）操作简单，便于广大农村用户的使用，零部件尽量采用标准件，便于安装和维修。（2）整机安装，结构简单，成本低而且动力的选择要符合农村的实际情况，因此动力尽量安装电动机或者柴油机。（3）本机还要有较高的生产率，较低的籽粒破碎率，较高剥净率。因此，本机的设计根据农村不同用户的使用要求，设计了不同的类型。
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