高考英语语法之主谓一致的用法总结.doc_第1页
高考英语语法之主谓一致的用法总结.doc_第2页
高考英语语法之主谓一致的用法总结.doc_第3页
高考英语语法之主谓一致的用法总结.doc_第4页
高考英语语法之主谓一致的用法总结.doc_第5页
免费预览已结束,剩余2页可下载查看

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

主谓一致有许多原则,概括起来不外乎三种一致原则,即:语法一致;意义一致(语言内容上一致);毗邻一致(谓语动词的单复数形式和紧位于其前的主语一致)。一,语法一致原则语法一致原则是指句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上一致, 即通常情况下, 谓语动词的单复数形式依主语的单复数形式而定, 主语为单数形式时谓语动词用单数形式, 主语为复数形式时谓语动词也用复数形式。掌握主谓一致考点中的语法一致原则,要注意特殊问题1主语是不可数名词或抽象概念,谓语常用单数。例如Seeing is beliving. Water is essential to our life.2. 如果主语部分是“分数或百分数of名词/代词”, 谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单复数形式。例如: Twothirds of the earths surface is covered by water. 地球表面的2/3是水域。/ 67 percent of the students are girls in our college(学院). 表示“种类、 计量单位”的名词kind, sort, type, form, pair, cup, glass, piece, box, chain, series(单数、 复数形式同形)、 species(单数、 复数形式同形)、 ton、 meter等与of连用构成主语时, 由of之前表示“种类、 计量单位”的名词决定谓语动词的形式。例如: This kind of these apples is sweet. / These kinds of apples are very sweet. 3. what, which, who, whose等疑问代词作主语时,根据其所指代的含义来确定谓语动词的形式(若其所指代的含义单数不明确,谓语动词通常用单数形式)。例如: Which is your room?哪是你的房间?/ Which are your rooms?哪几间是你们的房间?/ Who is your brother?你兄弟是谁?/ Who are League Members?哪些是团员?4主语前、 后加修饰语时的主谓一致问题。主语的修饰语对主语和谓语之间的关系一般不起影响, 尤其在主语后接as well as, with, along with, together with, rather than, except, but, including, besides, in addition to, added to, like, rather than, more than, no less than, accompanied by, except等插入语时, 谓语仍须与主语本身保持一致。例如: Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party。/ A woman with Mary is coming to the hospital. / Nobody, except his most intimate friends, knows of it. 除了他最要好的朋友外, 没人知道这件事。 5 many a, each, one, one of much, (a) little, either, neither, another, the other等(不定代词)作主语或修饰主语时谓语动词通常为单数形式; some, any, every, no构成的复合词(如somebody, nobody, everything, anything等)作主语或修饰主语时,谓语动词用单数。例如: Each of the girls/Each girl has a new hat.每个女孩都有顶新帽子。/ Neither plan suits me.两个计划没有一个合乎我的心意。/ Either of the rooms is big enough.两个房间中的任何一间都够大。Many a student doesnt like to do their homework.More than one person was involved in the case. 注意:若复数形式的主语与each连用, each仅位于复数形式的主语之后作同位语时,则该主语不受each的影响,谓语动词仍用复数形式。例如: The old workers each have their own tools. / The students each have a book.。6名词性从句及不定式、动名词作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。名词性从句: 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句. To finish the work in advance is what he wants.Smoking cigarettes is dangerous to your healthWhat caused the accident is a complete mystery.但是,what引导名词从句作主语时,其表语是复数形式时,系动词也可以是复数形式。7当主语是由“and”连接的并列结构时, 如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物, 谓语动词用复数形式; 如果该并列主语指的是“同一个”人或事物(常以and后的名词前没有冠词为标志), 谓语动词需用单数形式。What he says and what he does do not agree. / The worker and writer has come. 这位工人作家来了。/ A needle and thread was found on the floor. 在地板上找到了针线(穿了线的针)。/ Truth and honesty is the best policy. 真诚是最好的策略。/ Bread, butter and eggs is typical American Breakfast注意:对于由and连接的并列主语,前面有each, every, many a, no等修饰时,谓语动词通常仍要用单数形式。例如: Each boy and each girl was congratulated.每个男孩和女孩都受到了祝贺。/ Every hour and every minute is important.每时每刻都是重要的。/ Many a boy and many a girl has seen this painting.许多男孩和女孩都看了这幅油画。/ No man and no animal is to be found on the moon.在月球上没发现人和动物。/ No teacher and no student is admitted.师生一律不得入内。8“a portion of , a series of, a kind of, a body of, a species of, a pair of+名词”作主语时,其谓语动词一般用单数形式。9 事件、机构、国名、作品等专有名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written by Mark Twain and it is an interesting book.10both, some, few, many等用作主语或修饰主语时,谓语动词用复数。Both (of) the films are interesting.两部影片都有趣。/ Few (of the guests) were familiar to us.没几个(客人)是我们熟悉的。注意: both作同位语时通常对应于复数谓语动词,例如: The films are both interesting.两部电影都有趣。11 a number of后面只能接可数名词,修饰复数名词时,谓语动词用复数。the number of表示“的数量”,谓语动词用单数。12算术中的加法与乘法,谓语动词通常单复数都可以,减法与除法中用单数动词Three fives are(is)fifteenThree from eight leaves five12 强调结构中,动词要与It一致,都用It is(was)。如: It is my teachers who are very kind to me 强调句型中,当关系代词who,that作主语时,动词的单复数取决于所修饰的先行词。如: It is I who havent finished reading the book 二:意义一致原则意义一致原则是指不依语法形式而侧重于依据实质意义处理主谓关系, 根据主语所表达的实际含义确定谓语动词的形式。1,数词加上表“时间、距离、金额、价值、度量”等计量单位的复数名词作主语时,在该主语被视为“整体”的情况下谓语动词用单数形式,在该主语被视为“若干单位”的情况下谓语动词用复数形式。例如: Twenty years is not a long time.二十年光阴,弹指一挥间。/ Twenty years have passed since he left.他离开已二十个年头了。2 “half of, plenty of, the rest of, a lot of, lots of等名词”的形式作主语或者all, some, more, most, any, none作主语时,要结合具体语境根据其所指代的含义来判断谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式。例如: Half of the apple is bad. / Half of the apples are bad.。/ All of the paint is fine.这些油漆都很好。/ All of the students are working hard. / Most of his spare time was spent in reading.他的大部分业余时间都花在读书上了。 (作主语的none指代复数含义的对象时谓语动词既可以用单数形式也可以用复数形式,这是需要进行特别把握的特殊情况)补充:集合名词作主语时,主谓一致关系是一个较为复杂的问题。对此类问题我们可以从“数”的角度分为四类。 第一类: 形式为单数,但意义可以用为单数或复数。包括class, family, team, crew(全体船员 、(飞机或宇宙飞船的)全体机务人员、一起工作的人) board(董事会,理事会(董事会、理事会或委员会的)全体委员), herd(兽群;(尤指)牧群,牛群,羊群,猪群), committee委员会, party, jury陪审团, enemy, audience, staff, orchestra(管弦乐队), group等,其用法特点为:若视为整体,表示单数意义;若考虑其个体成员,表示复数意义。比较并体会:His family is large. 他的家是个大家庭。His family are all waiting for him. 他的一家人都在等他。This class consists of 45 pupils. 这个班由45个学生组成。This class are reading English now. 这个班的学生在读英语。第二类: 形式为单数,但意义永远为复数这类集合名词包括cattle(牛,牲畜) people(人),police(警察) faculty(教职员工的总称), flock(绵羊的统称), vermin害虫,寄生虫, personnel全体人员等,其用法特点为:只有单数形式, 但却表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语用复数;不与 a(n) 连用,但可与the连用(连用)。如:People will laugh at you。The police are looking for him. Many cattle were killed for this.。注:表示牲畜的头数,用单位词 head(单复数同形)。如:five head of cattle 5头牛,fifty (head of ) cattle 50头牛 第三类: 形式为复数,意义也为复数这类集合名词包括goods(货物), clothes(衣服)等,其用法特点是:只有复数形式,当然也表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语也用复数),但通常不与数词连用。如:Clothes dry slowly in the rainy season. 衣服在雨季不易干。Such clothes are very expensive. 那样的衣服很贵。If goods are not well made you should complain to the manufacturer. 如果货物质量不好,则理应向制造商提出控诉。 第四类: 形式为单数,意义也为单数这类集合名词包括baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(机器), poetry(诗), scenery(风景), jewelry(珠宝), equipment(设备)等, 其用法特点为:是不可数名词,只用单数形式,不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词),没有复数形式。如:Our clothing protects us from against the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。The hospital has no decent equipment. 这家医院没有像样的设备。The Tang Dynasty is thought of as the high summer of Chinese poetry. 人们认为唐朝是中国诗歌的全盛时期。注:machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery等相应的个体可数名词是 machine, poem, jewel, scene等。如:a poem / a piece of poetry 一首诗many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery 许多机器 第五类:以下几个集合名词也应重点注意(因为它们也是常考考点): (1. hair(头发,毛发): 指全部头发或毛发时,为集合名词(不可数);指几根头发或毛发时,为个体名词(可数)。如:My hair has grown very long. 我的头发已长得很长了。The police found two hairs there. 警察在那儿找到了两根头发。 (2. mankind(人类): 人是一个不可数的集合名词,不用复数形式,也不连用冠词。如:This is an invention that benefits mankind. 这是一项造福人类的发明。Mankind has its own problems. 人类有自己的问题。注:mankind 表示“mankind 人(类)”时,虽不可数,但有时却可以表示复数意义,尤其是当其表语是复数时。如:Mankind are intelligent animals. 人是理智的动物。 (3. fruit(水果)作为集合名词,它通常是不可数的。如:He doesnt eat much fruit. 他不大吃水果。He is growing fruit in the country. 他在乡下种水果。但是,当要表示种类时,它可视为可数名词,即a fruit 指一种水果,fruits 指多种水果。比较:fruits Some fruits have thick skins. 有些水果皮很厚。The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit. 土豆是一种蔬菜,而不是一种水果。3“the +形容词”作主语,在表示一类人或事物时,谓语动词用复数。4表示时间、距离、重量、体积、金钱的复数名词,作主语时作为整体来看待,谓语动词通常用单数。三,邻近一致原则: 邻近一致原则是指谓语动词的人称和数与它最邻近的名词或代词保持一致。 1. 主语是由or, either . or ., nor, neither . nor ., whether . or ., not . but ., not only . but also .等连接的并列主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式依照靠近它的主语而定,例: One or two friends are coming this evening.。/ Neither I nor he is to blame.我和他都不该受责备。/ Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都没错。/ Not you but your father is to blame. / Not only you but (also) he is wrong.不仅/ Not

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

最新文档

评论

0/150

提交评论