高三英语一轮总复习 专题2.5 Music（词汇短语）（含解析）.doc

专题2.5 music【学以致用】一、重点词汇细解1pretend vt. 假装；假扮【教材原句】do you sing karaoke and pretend you are a famous singer like song zuying or liu huan？(p34)你唱卡拉ok时是否假装自己就是像宋祖英或刘欢一样著名的歌星？【归纳拓展】pretend sth. 伪称某事物(尤用做借口)pretend to do.假装做pretend to ben. (adj.) 假装是pretend to be doing.假装正在做pretend to have done. 假装已做pretend thatclause 假装（1）he _ yesterday.昨天他假装头疼。（2）we mustnt _ what we dont know.我们不应不懂装懂。（3）he _ when he met a bear.当他遇到熊时就装死。（4）he pretended that he had understood what i meant.（同义句转换）he pretended what i meant.【答案】to have understood【语境助记】as tom didnt go over the lessons，he pretended a headache when the teacher was going to give a quiz. he pretended to be suffering great pain during the quiz. an hour later，when the quiz finished，he pretended to have recovered.由于汤姆没有复习功课，当老师准备测验时，他假装头痛。他假装在测验中非常痛苦。一小时后，测验结束时，他假装已经康复了。【注意】pretend接不定式和从句作宾语，不接动名词作宾语。pretend接不定式作宾语时，不定式可用各种时态表示不同的时间关系。2attach vt. 系；贴；附加；认为有(重要性等)【教材原句】to be honest，a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous.说实话，很多人把名和利看得很重。【归纳拓展】attach sth. to sth.把附/系在上面attach to sb./sth.与有联系，与有关联be attached to附属于；连在上；依恋；爱慕attach importance/value to.认为重要/有价值attach yourself to sb./sth. 参加，和在一起attached adj. 依恋的，留恋的attachment n. 附件依恋；眷恋；深爱 （1）_ a stamp _ the envelope before you post your letter.寄信前在信封上贴上邮票。（2）chinese people _ education.中国人很重视教育。（3）youll _ this department until the end of the year.你在年底前将暂属于这个部门。（4）were very this house and would hate to move.我们十分留恋这所房子，真不愿意搬家。3form vt. & vi. 形成；组织；养成；培养【教材原句】but just how do people form a band? 那么，人们又是怎样组成乐队的呢？【归纳拓展】form /set up a club 成立俱乐部form a good habit 养成好习惯form the habit offall/get into the habit of 养成的习惯form an organization 成立一个组织n. 形式；表格；形状，外形；状况；精神fill in/out a form 填表格in the form of 以的形式存在；呈.的形状be in/out of form 状况良好/不佳be in good/great form情绪良好；兴高采烈（1）one of the most important tasks for a school is to help and promote to a childs character.学校的一个重要任务就是要帮助和促进儿童个性的形成。（2）he has _ getting up early.他已经养成了早起的习惯。（3）she expressed her feelings _ poetry.她以诗的形式表达她的感情。（4）smith is out of form and is unlikely to run in the 100metre race tomorrow.史密斯状态不好，他可能不参加明天的百米赛跑。学%（5）you will be asked to _你需要填一份表格。4. performance n表演；演奏【教材原句】later they may give performances in pubs or clubs，for which they are paid in cash.后来，他们可能在酒吧或者俱乐部里演出，这样他们可以得到现金。【归纳拓展】give/put on a performance/ performances 演出perform vt. & vi.履行；表演；执行perform well 表现突出，运转正常 perform badly/poorly 表现差；业绩欠佳perform a part/role （an important part/role） in. 在中扮演（重要）角色；起（重要）作用perform an experiment/operation 做实验/手术perform ones duty 尽职perform ones promise 守信；履行诺言performer n. 执行者；表演者 一、单句语法填空。（1）my students gave a good _ (perform) at the english competition.（2）she really enjoys _ (perform) for us and im pretty sure she is showing off.【答案】（1）performance （2）performing二、单句改错。（3）after many performance in england, he turned to his homeland. 【答案】performance改为performances三、完成句子（1）the company has been （业绩欠佳）over the past year.（2）yao ming （在.中发挥着重要的作用）his basket team.（3）this operation （从未做过） in this country.（4）would you like to go to see his _（演出） with me?【语境助记】the unknown performer performed very well, and her performance was very popular with the audience.这个不知名的表演者演奏得非常好，她的表演深受观众的欢迎。5earn vt. 赚得；挣得；获得【教材原句】sometimes they may play to passersby in the street or subway so that they can earn some extra money for themselves or to pay for their instruments.有时他们可能在街上或地铁里为过路者演奏，这样他们可以为自己或自己要买的乐器多挣一些钱。【归纳拓展】earn moneymake money 挣钱earn sb.sth.使某人赢得/获得earn ones livingmake a living 谋生earn ones own living 自食其力 （1）do you know how much he _ a month?你知道他一个月赚多少钱吗？（2）he _ by teaching at a language school.他在语言学校教书以维持生计。【明辨异同】earn/gain/winearn如果为了钱(或任何其他报酬)而工作，这就是earn，而且含有这些报酬是应得的意思。gain在竞赛、战争、比赛中获胜，并可能由此得到奖赏。win获得有用或需要的东西，而且与win和earn不同，它用在与钱没有关系的场合。 （1）she _ experience while working for the newspaper.（2）she _ 1 000 a month.（3）who is going to _ the election?【答案】（1）gained（2）earns（3）win【语境助记】不同的“获得”because i knew “no pains, no gains”, i trained hard and won the game and also earned money and fame.因为我知道“不劳无获”，因此我努力训练，赢得了比赛，也获得了金钱和荣耀。6. confident adj.自信的；确信的【教材原句】freddy was very confident about his singing.弗雷迪对他的歌唱很有信心。【归纳拓展】be confident in sth 对有信心be confident about/of (doing) sth 对(做)某事有把握；确信be confident that 确信，肯定，自信confidence n. 信心have confidence in对有信心confidently adv. 自信地 （1）i feel confident _ the future of rock music in china. 我对摇滚乐在中国的前景充满信心。（2）we have _ in saying that the new record will be broken soon. 我们有信心说新的纪录将很快会被打破。（3）he sat there smiling, _ winning the game.他微笑着坐在那儿，确信自己会赢得比赛。【语境助记】she has confidence in herself, for she believes confidence is the first step on the road to success. as a result, she is always doing everything confidently. 她对自己有信心，因为她深信信心是通往成功的第一步。因此，她总是充满信心地做每一件事情。7. brief adj. 简短的；简要的 n. 摘要；大纲 【教材原句】not long after freddy and the band became famous, they visited britain on a brief tour.弗雷迪和他的乐队出名后不久，就到英国做短暂的巡回演出了。【归纳拓展】in brief简单地to be brief 简而言之briefly adv. 简单地，扼要地（1）to begin with, id like to tell the importance of the work. 首先，我想简要谈谈这项工作的重要性。（2）i consider it a great honour to introduce to you rather_ professor dirac.我很荣幸能向大家简要地介绍一下迪拉克教授。（3）_, ill explain only the most important points. 长话短说，我只解释最重要的部分。8.devotion n奉献，献身，忠诚；热爱，挚爱【教材原句】fans showed their devotion by waiting for hours to get tickets for their concerts. 歌迷们表现出极大的热情，等几个小时来买他们音乐会的票。【归纳拓展】devote v. 献身；为付出 devote sth to (doing) sth 把时间(钱，精力等)献给某事物devote oneself to (doing ) sth致力于；献身于；专心于devoted adj. 挚爱的；忠诚的；全心全意的be devoted to (doing ) sth 致力于；献身于；专心于（1）his to the cause of education is well known. 他对教育事业的献身精神是众所周知的。（2）she entirely to her research in medicine and it earned her a good reputation.她完全致力于医学研究，并赢得了好名声。（3）if i had devoted my time _ study, i would have done much better in the exam.我要是把时间投入到学习中，那我考试就会考得更好了。（4）she devoted all her life to _ (care) for the sick and needy.她一生都致力于照顾贫病交迫的人。【答案】（1）devotion （2）devoted herself/was devoted （3）to （4）caring【语境助记】the devoted worker devoted his whole life to his work. his devotion to his work is highly thought of by his boss.这位忠诚的的工人把他的一生都奉献给了他的工作。他对工作的投入受到老板的高度评价。9. sensitive adj.敏感的；易受伤害的；灵敏的【教材原句】at last feeling very upset and sensitive，freddy and his band realized that they must leave the country before it became too painful for them.(p38)终于由于深感苦恼，神经高度紧张，弗雷迪和他的乐队意识到他们必须在自己感到太痛苦之前离开这个国家。【归纳拓展】be sensitive to 对敏感/体贴be sensitive about 介意；在乎sensible adj. 明智的，合理的sense n感官，感觉 vt.发觉，意识到 （1）his ears are highly sensitive _ any unusual sound in the machine.他的耳朵非常灵敏，能听得出机器中任何异常的声音。（2）as a celebrity, she is very sensitive _ everything to do with her.作为名人，她很在乎和她有关的一切。【明辨异同】sensitive与sensiblesensitive“敏感的；易受伤害的；灵敏的”，be sensitive to “对敏感”。sensible“明智的；意识到的”，be sensible of “意识到，认识到”。选词填空(sensitive/sensible)（3）it may be a _ topic，so we had better avoid it.（4）it would be _ of you to discuss this matter with parents before you make a decision.【答案】（3）sensitive （4）sensible 二、核心短语回顾1.dream of 梦见；梦想；设想【教材原句】have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert, at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music?你是否梦想过在音乐会上面对成千上万的观众演唱，观众欣赏你的歌唱并且为此而鼓掌？【归纳拓展】dream v. 做梦，梦见，梦想 dream of/about sb. /sth. 梦见某人/某事 dream of/about doing sth. 想象/梦想做某事 dream that 梦想/做梦. dream on 痴心妄想 dream up 构思；想出；虚构 dream ones life away 虚度光阴dream n. 梦；梦想，愿望【名师点津】动词dream的过去式及过去分词形式：dreamed; dreamed 或dreamt; dreamt（1）for hundreds of years humans have dreamed _ finding life on distant planets.探寻地球以外的生命是人类几百年以来的梦想。（2）he dreams of one day _ (become) a famous violinist.他梦想有朝一日成为著名的小提琴家。（3）i have a dream _ my children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin.我梦想有一天，我的孩子将在一个不以他们的肤色来评判他们的国度里生活。（4）the girl often says that she has a and of becoming a doctor.女孩经常说自己有一个梦想，希望有一天能成为一名医生。（5）for many years, people electric cars. however, making them has been more difficult than predicted.a. had dreamed of b. have dreamed of c. dreamed of d. dream of2to be honest 说实在的；实话说【教材原句】to be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous.说实话，很多人都很看重出名或变富。【归纳拓展】honestly speaking 老实说to tell the truth 说实话，老实说to be honest with you 跟你说实话be honest with sb. about sth. 关于某事对坦诚be honest in doing sth. 在做某事方面坦诚it is honest of sb. to do sth. 在干方面诚实。to be frank 坦白(率)说to be exact 确切地说to be brief 简而言之to begin/start with 首先to make matters worse 更糟的是(1)_, the result is not at all satisfying.对你说实话，这个结果令人很不满意。(2) he is very _ business.我认为她很诚实地告诉我一切。(3)it is _ to tell the truth.你讲话是诚实的。(4)_, i dont quite share your viewpoint on this matter.说实在的，我不太同意你对此事的观点。【答案】（1）to be honest with you （2）honest in doing （3）honest of you （4）honestly speaking【语境助记】he is such an honest man that he is honest about everything and with all his friends. he likes to be honest in dealing with them. 他非常诚实，并诚实地对待一切事情和朋友。他喜欢以诚实的态度和朋友打交道。3play jokes/a joke on 戏弄；和开玩笑 【教材原句】the musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music.音乐人除了演奏音乐外，还彼此打趣逗笑【归纳拓展】have a joke with sb. 和某人开玩笑make a joke/jokes about sb./sth. 关于某人/某事说笑话play tricks/a trick on sb.make fun of sb. 和开玩笑；捉弄某人make a fool of 愚弄laugh at 嘲笑(1)its not proper to _ others in public.在公众场所捉弄别人是不恰当的。(2)i think someone is _ you.我想是有人和你开玩笑。(3)dont _ rings不要乱开戒指的玩笑。（4）our friends will us and try to fool us.我们的朋友跟我们玩恶作剧，试图愚弄我们。4rely on 依靠，信赖；指望【教材原句】as some of these actors could not sing well enough，they had to rely on other musicians to help them.因为这些演员中有些人唱得不是很好，他们不得不依靠队里的其他人帮助。【归纳总结】rely on/upon sb. to do sth.= depend on/upon sb. to do sth. 相信/依靠某人做某事rely on/upon sb. doing sth. 相信某人会做某事rely on/upon it that. = depend on/upon it that. 相信(事情)，指望（1）not having found a better way，we had to rely on him _ (make) the design.由于没有找到更好的方法，我们不得不靠他来制作这个设计。（2）you may rely on _ that the work will be finished ahead of time.你可以放心，这项工作将会提前完成。（3）i _ early.我指望你早来。5get/be familiar with.与熟悉起来【教材原句】they were so popular that their fans formed clubs in order to get more familiar with them.他们非常走红以至于他们的歌迷们为了更加熟悉他们而成立了俱乐部。【明辨异同】be familiar with/be familiar tobe/get familiar with意为“熟悉.”，其主语只能是人，宾语是所熟悉的内容或物。be/get familiar to意为“为.所熟悉”，其主语可以是人，也可以是物，宾语通常是人。（1）i _ his name.我熟悉他的名字。（2）his name _他的名字为我所熟知。【答案】(1) am familiar with(2) is familiar to me6. break up 粉碎，破碎；（恋人）分手，（夫妻）结束关系；散会，解散；（学生）放假；（因信号受干扰）声音不清 【教材原句】the band broke up about 1970，but happily they reunited in the mid1980s.(p34)“门基乐队”大约在1970年左右解散，但是令人高兴的是，到80年代中期他们再次聚首。 写出下列break up的意思。（1）the ship broke up on the rocks. _（2）their marriage has broken up. _（3）the meeting broke up at eleven oclock. _（4）when do you break up for christmas?_（5）he was breaking up under the strain. _（6）the lines gone; i think youre breaking up. 【归纳拓展】break down （化合物等）分解；（骑车等）抛锚；（计划、谈判）失败；（ 谈话、通讯）中断；损坏；垮掉break into 闯入break in 强行进入，插话；打断break off 打断，折断；中断（说话）break out（战争、火灾、疾病等）突然发生；爆发 (不用于被动语态)break away from 从.中脱离出去break through 突破用break away from，break down，break out，break up，break into，break off填空（1）fred has given me no good reason for wanting to our marriage. 弗雷德没能给我一个想要结束我们婚姻的正当理由。（2）he was 29 when war . 战争爆发时他才29岁。（3）our car on the freeway.我们的车在高速公路上抛锚了。（4）the prisoner his guards.犯人挣脱了看守。（5）there was no one nearby who might see him trying to the house. 附近没有人可能会看见他试图闯入房子里。（6）he in the middle of a sentence.他一句话说了一半就不说了。【语境助记】their study in college would break up next month，so they decided to break up their band. the thought almost broke them up.他们在大学的学习下个月就要结束了，所以他们决定解散乐队。这个想法几乎击垮了他们。7. in addition另外；也 【明辨异同】in addition相当于副词，作状语，对句子起补充说明作用。通常可以和furthermore，besides等互换。in addition to为介词短语，其后应接名词、代词、动名词等作宾语，表示“除之外（还有）”，相当于apart from。当主语后跟in addition to引出的介词短语时，谓语动词仍与其前的主语保持一致。【归纳拓展】besides 除了之外(还有)except 除了之外(别无)apart from 除了之外(还有)；除了之外(别无)（1） my weekly wage, i got a lot of tips. 除了每周的薪水外，我还能得到不少小费。（2）you do that ? 这是你额外的工作吗?【答案】（1）in addition to / apart from （2）in addition 8. sort out分类，整理，选出；解决【教材原句】sort out the following messages that are mixed up to make complete sentences contai