高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 教材重点全程攻略 Unit 2 Healthy eating讲义 新人教版必修3.doc

unit 2 healthy eating 话题素材健康饮食话题词汇1healthy adj. 健康的 2.nutrition n. 营养；滋养3beneficial adj. 有益的；有好处的 4.digest vt. 消化；吸收5balance n. & vt. 平衡 6.put_on_weight 增加体重7keep fit 保持健康 8.build up ones body 增强体质9get overweight 变得肥胖 10.green_food 绿色食品11cut_down 砍倒；削减 12.go/be on a diet 节食13be abundant in 富含有 14.take/do_some_exercise 进行运动；锻炼15get into the habit of 养成的习惯；沾染上的习气经典佳句1it is my advice that middle school students should form a healthy eating habit.我建议，中学生应该养成健康的饮食习惯。2with the improvement of the living standards, more and more people, especially children, are suffering_from obesity.随着生活水平的提高，越来越多的人，尤其是孩子，正在遭受过度肥胖之苦。3the majority of people take in too much fat and not enough fibre, which does great harm to their health.大多数人摄入的脂肪太多，纤维素不足，这对他们的健康危害很大。精美语篇last week, some of us made a survey about middle school students health.the survey shows that the general health of middle school students is declining year by year, with more people having the problem of overweight. one of the reasons could be that they have a heavy load in their study so that they seldom do physical exercise. whats more, they dont do labour work like housework and they dont have a balanced diet. to solve the problem, experts advise that we should not chat online too long to have enough sleep and we should do sports for at least one hour a day. besides, wed better eat more fruits and vegetables and refuse junk food. only in this way can we live a healthier life.高频单词1diet (n.) 日常饮食 (vi.) 节食2balance (vt.) 平衡；权衡 (n.) 天平；平衡balanced (adj.) 均衡的3roast (adj.) 烤制的 (vt. & vi.) 烤；烘；烘烤4fry (vt.& vi.) 油煎；油炸5ought (v. aux.) 应当；应该6slim (vi.) 变细；减肥 (adj.) 苗条的；纤细的7curious (adj.) 好奇的curiously (adv.) 好奇地curiosity (n.) 好奇心8raw (adj.) 生的；未加工的9lie (n.) 谎话；谎言 (vi.) 说谎lied (过去式/过去分词)lying (现在分词)10discount (n.) 折扣11weakness (n.) 缺点；虚弱；弱点weak (adj.) 弱的；虚弱的weaken (vt.) 使变弱 12strength (n.) 强项；长处；力量strong (adj.) 强壮的；强大的strengthen (vt.) 加强13consult (vt.) 咨询；请教；商量14digest (vi.& vt.) 消化 (n.) 摘要；概要15debt (n.) 债；债务16glare (vi.) 怒目而视；闪耀 (n.) 怒视；炫目的光17spy (vi.& vt.) 窥探；秘密监视 (n.) 间谍；侦探18limit (vt.) 限制；限定 (n.) 界限；限度limited (adj.) 有限的19benefit (n.) 利益；好处 (vt.& vi.) 有益于；有助于；受益beneficial (adj.) 有益的；有好处的20sigh (vi.) 叹息；叹气 (n.)叹息；叹息声sign (形近词) (n.) 迹象；征兆；预兆 (v.) 示意；打手势21combine (vt.& vi.) (使)联合；(使)结合combination (n.) 联合；结合 重点短语1tell a lie 说谎2ought to 应当；应该3lose weight 减肥；体重减轻4get away with 受到轻微处罚；(做坏事)不受惩罚5win . back 赢回；重新获得6earn ones living 谋生7in debt 欠债；负债8glare at 怒目而视9spy on 暗中监视；侦查10cut down 削减；删节11before long 不久以后12put on weight 增加体重热点句型1现在分词短语作伴随状语wang peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling_very_frustrated (感到十分沮丧). (教材p10)2“否定词形容词的比较级”表最高级含义“nothing_could_be_better (再没有比这更好的了)，” he thought. (教材p10)3must have done表肯定推测something terrible must_have_happened_ (一定发生了) if li chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did. (教材p10)4have sb./sth. doing . “允许某人/某物做”或“让某人/某物一直做”he could not have yong hui getting_away_with_telling_people_lies (允许哄骗人们却不受惩罚)! (教材p10)5“why dont you .？”表建议，可省略为“why not do .？” why_dont_you_sit_down/why_not_sit_down (你为什么不坐下来) and try a meal? (教材p14)同步训练在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1what will happen to you if you dont eat a _ (balance) diet?答案：balanced2suddenly he saw his friend li chang _ (hurry) by.答案：hurrying3wang peng was amazed _ this and especially at the prices.答案：at4perhaps _ a discount and a new sign he could win his customers back.答案：with5he didnt look forward to _ (be) in debt because his restaurant was no longer popular.答案：being6i found your menu so _ (limit) that i stopped _ (worry) and started advertising the benefits of my food.答案：limited; worrying7but dont you think it would be better if you were a bit _ (thin)?答案：thinner 8according to my research, neither your restaurant nor mine _ (offer) a balanced diet.答案：offers 9perhaps we ought to combine our ideas and provide a balanced menu _ food of energy and fibre.答案：with10their balanced diets became such a success _ before long wang peng became slimmer and yong hui put _ more weight.答案：that; on1 balancen天平；平衡；账户余额vt.平衡；权衡教材原句what will happen to you if you dont eat a balanced diet？(p9)如果你饮食不均衡的话，会怎么样呢？(1)keep the balance of nature 保持生态平衡keep ones balance 保持平衡lose ones balance (be out of balance) 失去平衡off balance 不稳on balance 总的来说；全面考虑之后(2)balance sth. against sth. 权衡/斟酌/比较与(3)balanced adj. 均衡的keep a balanced diet 保持饮食均衡youd better keep_a_balanced_diet for the benefit of your health.为了有益于身体健康你最好保持均衡饮食。i found it hard to keep_my_balance on the icy path.我发现在结冰的路面上行走很难保持平衡。when he was running after his brother, the boy lost_his_balance and had a bad fall.当他在追赶他哥哥时，失去了平衡，重重地摔了一跤。on balance, the company has had a successful year.总的来说，公司这一年业绩很好。you have to balance the advantages of living in the countryside against the disadvantages.你得权衡一下住在乡下的好处和坏处。掌握“平衡”2 lien谎言；谎话vi.说谎；躺；位于；坐落在教材原句he could not have yong hui getting away with telling people lies！(p10)他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们却不受惩罚！(1)tell a lietell lies 撒谎；说谎话a big lie 弥天大谎a black lie 用心险恶的谎言a white lie 善意的谎言(2)lie to sb. 对某人撒谎lie in 位于；在于people often think of gossip as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.人们经常会认为流言不会造成伤害，但恶毒的谎言能导致痛苦。you could see from his face that he was_lying_to us.从他的表情你可以看出他在对我们说谎。she told me that happiness lies_in helping others.她告诉我快乐的真谛在于帮助他人。the book lay_open on his desk.那本书摊开放在他的书桌上。易混辨析the man lying_in_bed_told_a_lie that he had_laid the money on the table.躺在床上的那个人撒谎说他已经把钱放在桌子上了。3 strength nc长处；强项u力量；体力教材原句the strength of the diet in wang pengs restaurant was that it provided plenty of energygiving food.(p11)王鹏餐馆的饮食优点在于它能提供含有足够热量的食物。(1)build up ones strength/body 强身健体strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点the strength of . is that . 的优点是(2)strengthen vt.& vi. 加强everything has its strengths and weaknesses.任何事物都有优缺点。practicing chinese kung fu can not only build up ones strength, but also develop ones character.练中国功夫不但能增强体质，还能培养一个人的品质。as far as i know, repairs are necessary to strengthen the bridge.据我所知，这座桥需要加固。4 benefitn利益；好处vt.& vi.有益于；有助于；受益教材原句 . i stopped worrying and started advertising the benefits of my food.(p14)我也就不着急了，并开始宣传我餐馆的食物的好处。(1)benefit from 从受益；得益于benefit sb. 对某人有益(2)for the benefit of . 为了的利益be of (much/great) benefit to sb.be (very) beneficial to sb. 对某人(非常)有益处i benefit a great deal from reading.我从阅读中受益良多。it really benefited_me a lot to preview lessons, get actively involved in class, and review what had been taught after class.课前预习、课堂上积极参与以及课后复习所学知识，的确让我受益匪浅。youd better go for a walk every evening for_the_benefit_of your health.为了有益于身体健康你最好每晚去散步。it is said that yoga is_of_great_benefit_to human health.it is said that yoga is_very_beneficial_to human health.据说瑜伽对人体健康有很大益处。.单句语法填空1as we all know, no one is perfect, and everyone has his own _ (weak)答案：weaknesses句子缺少宾语，故填名词作动词has的宾语。weakness意为“弱点；劣势”时为可数名词，故用复数。2i have typed out some lecture notes _ the benefit of those people who were absent.答案：forfor the benefit of . “为了的利益”，为固定短语，故填for。3if you dont feel well, remember _ (consult) your doctor before taking any medicine.答案：to consultremember to do sth.“记得去做某事”。4children are often full of _ (curious) and they take great interest in everything.答案：curiosity介词of后面应该为名词，curiosity “好奇心”，为不可数名词，故填curiosity。5the child said that he had _ (lay) the pen on the desk, but i thought he _ (lie) to me.答案：laid; lied由设空前的had可知，第一空应填“放置”的过去分词形式；第二空语义为“撒谎”，由主句时态可知填一般过去时。6his english was so _ (limit) that he couldnt even tell the foreign friend where he was from.答案：limited此处应填形容词作表语。limited “有限的”。.单句改错1the man lifted the stone with all his strengths._答案：strengthsstrength2hydrogen combining with oxygen can form water._答案：combiningcombined3to keep a balance diet, eat more vegetables and fruits._答案：balancebalanced4the old man sells or gives the other shares to family members with a discount._答案：withatget away with 受到轻微处罚；(做坏事)不受惩罚；携带潜逃教材原句he could not have yong hui getting away with telling people lies！(p10)他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们却不受惩罚！get away from 从脱离；逃脱get down to sth. 开始认真对待某事get rid of 摆脱；除掉get in 插话；收获get across (to sb.)被理解；(把)讲清楚get through 完成(工作)；渡过(难关)；通过；接通电话get over 克服(困难)；从中恢复过来get into 染上；形成；养成get in touch with 与取得联系if you cheat in the exam, youll never get_away_with it.考试作弊必予追究。its hard to get_down_to work after a nice holiday.愉快的假期过后，很难一下子投入工作。i called several times, but i couldnt get through.我打了好几次电话，可就是打不通。it took a long time to get_across_to the workers the way the machine worked.向工人们解释清楚这台机器的工作原理花了很长的时间。in debt 负债教材原句he did not look forward to being in debt because his restaurant was no longer popular.(p14)他可不希望由于餐馆不受欢迎而负债。(1)be in debt 欠债；负债(表状态)be out of debt 还清债务(表状态)(2)fall/get/run into debt负债(表动作)pay off a debt 还清债务(表动作)(3)be in ones debt/be in debt to sb. 欠某人的人情(债)it is much easier to get_into_debt than to pay off a debt.借债容易还债难。well run_into_debt if you spend more than our income.要是你花的比我们挣的还多，那我们就要欠债了。you have been so kind to us that we shall always feel we are deeply in your debt.你待我们太好了，我们将永远感激不尽。cut down 砍倒；削减；删节教材原句in this way they cut down the fat and increased the fibre in the meal.(p15)这样，他们减少了饭菜中脂肪的含量，增加了纤维素。cut away 切掉；砍掉cut in 插话；让某人分享利润；强行超车cut up 切碎；齐根切掉cut out 剪下；停止，戒除；删去cut through 划破；轻松地通过cut off 切断；中止；隔绝immediate action should be taken, like stopping cutting_down trees, to better the environment.应马上采取行动来改善环境，例如停止砍伐树木。my uncle hasnt been able to quit smoking, but at least he has cut down.我叔叔还是没有把烟戒掉，不过至少吸得少了。accidents are often caused by drivers who try to cut in.司机超车常常会造成意外事故。cut_up the carrots before you put them into the pot.把胡萝卜切碎后再放进锅里。the town was cut_off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.由于大雪，这个小镇被隔断了与外界的联系。.选词填空 put on weight； get away with； before long； earn ones living； spy on； win back1i really ought to go on a diet. i _ so much since i gave up jogging.答案：have put on weight2as a responsible teacher, he wont have students _ cheating in the exam.答案：getting away with3once you lie to others, its difficult to _ their trust in you.答案：win back4the spy caught _ the military base was sentenced to 20 years in prison and was limited to no relative visiting.答案：spying on5it is difficult for him _ as a musician living in a small city.答案：to earn his living6_， the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water.答案：before long.完成句子1she is thinking of ways to _ on her expenses and increase her earnings.她正想办法削减开支并且增加收入。答案：cut down2bad management will land the company _.经营不善会使公司负债。答案：in debt3do nothing which, after being done, leads you to _.不要做那些事后会让你说谎的事情。答案：tell a lie4i will set a goal _ and stick to it.我要定个减肥的目标并且坚持下去。答案：to lose weight“nothing could be better，” he thought.(p10)他想：“再没有比这些更好吃的了。”否定词与比较级连用，实际上表示的是最高级的含义。表示最高级意义的几种特殊结构：(1)never比较级(2)比较级than(3)比较级thannothing is more_precious than health.健康是最重要的。i have never drunk better beer.我从没喝过这么好喝的啤酒。this book is more_interesting than any other book.与任何别的书相比，这本书最有趣。.单句语法填空1it is wrong for some parents to have their children (study) all day on weekends.答案：studying“have宾语doing”结构表示“让一直做某事/一直处于状态”。2what do you think of the hotel?wonderful. you couldnt have found a _ (good) one.答案：better否定词与形容词或副词的比较级连用表最高级的肯定含义。3im sorry, shes not here. she _ have left already.答案：mustmust have done表示对过去发生事情的推测。句意：抱歉，她不在这儿，她准是走了。.完成句子1the teacher _ at school.老师决不容忍他的学生在校上课迟到。答案：cant have his students being late for class2i offered them something to eat, _.我给了他们一些东西吃，心想他们可能会饿。答案：thinking (that) they might be hungry3walking exercise may be boring at times, but on a clear sunny morning _.有时候散步有点无聊，但在一个晴朗的早上，没有比这更好的了。答案：nothing could be better than this情态动词()ought to/ought not to ought to意为“应该，应当”，其后必须跟动词原形，只有一种形式，没有人称和数的变化。ought to的否定形式为ought not to (或oughtnt to)，其一般疑问句形式是将ought置于主语前。we ought to stop polluting nature.我们应该停止污染大自然。you oughtnt to scold him.你不该责备他。have to/dont have to/mustnt1情态动词have to(口语中说成have got to)表示客观需要做的事情，意为“必须；不得不”。有时态、人称和数的变化，其否定式和疑问式应由助动词do构成。i had to leave yesterday.昨天我不得不离开。2have to的否定式为dont have to，表示“没有义务或没有必要做某事”，意为“不必”，常可以回答must提问的一般疑问句。而must的否定式mustnt表示“禁止”。must i do it at once? yes, you have to(yes, you must)/no, you neednt(no, you dont have to)我必须马上做吗？是的，你必须。/不，你不必。(作出肯定、否定回答)you mustnt go out alone at night.晚上你一定不能独自出去。need/needntneed表示“需要”或“必要”，既可以作情态动词，也可以作实义动词，但是它们的用法不同。1作为情态动词，need通常用于否定句和疑问句。he neednt pay for it.他没必要付钱。must i type this letter again?no, you neednt(you dont have to)/yes, you must(you have to)我需要把信再打印一遍吗？不，你不必。/是的，你必须。2作为实义动词，同其他实义动词一样，可用于各种句式，有时态、人称、数的变化，构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词do或does。we need to help him.我们得帮助他。we dont need to tell him the truth.我们不必告诉他真相。.单句语法填空1you _ have cleaned the room, because i have done it already.答案：neednt句意：你没必要去打扫屋子，因为我已经打扫好了。表示过去没必要做某事而做了，用neednt have done。故填neednt。2we _ take combustible (易燃的) goods aboard.答案：mustnt根据句意可知，此处表示“禁止做”，故填mustnt。3in order to become transparent, an animal needs_ (keep) its body from absorbing or scattering light.答案：to keep此处need为实义动词。需用“needto do”结构表示“需要做某事”，故填to keep。4cant you stay a little longer?its getting late. i really_ go now. my daughter is at home alone.答案：must此处表示“必须”，故应填must。5you _ feel all the training a waste of time, but im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it.答案：may/might根据题干中的“but im a hundred percent sure later”可知，设空处表示“不确定，没把握”，故用may/might。.完成句子1teachers _ be patient with students.教师对学生应该耐心。答案：ought to/should2the weather turned out to be fine yesterday, i _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.昨天天气很好，我本不必费事带着雨伞。答案：neednt have taken3we _ change how we learn.我们不需要改变我们的学习方式。答案：do not have to/neednt.阅读理解athe spread of western eating habits around the world is bad for human health and the environment. these findings come from a new report in the journal nature.david tilman, a professor of ecology at the university of minnesota, america, examined information from 100 countries to identify what people ate and how a diet affected health. he noted a movement beginning in the 1960s. he found that as nations industrialized (工业化), population increased and earnings rose, more people began to adopt what has been called the western diet.the western diet is high in sugar, fat, oil and meat. by eating these foods, people began to get fatter and sicker. david tilman says overweight people are at greater risk of noninfectious diseases like diabetes (糖尿病) and heart disease.unfortunately when people become industrialized, if they adopt this western diet, they are going to have these health problems, especially in developing countries in asia. china is an example where the number of diabetes cases has been jumping from less than one percent to 10 percent of the population as they began to industrialize over a 20year period. and that is happening all across the world, in mexico, in nigeria and so on.and, a diet bad for human beings is also bad for the environment. as the worlds population grows, more forests and tropical (热带的) areas will become farmlands for crops or grasslands for cattle. we are likely to have more greenhouse gas in the future from agriculture than that coming out of all forms of transportation right now.mr tilman calls the link between the diet, the environment and human health, “a trilemma”a problem offering a difficult choice. he says one possible solution is leaving the western diet behind.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。自然杂志上一篇新的报告表示，西方饮食对人的健康和环境有不良影响，人们应警惕西方饮食带来的危害。1according to the passage, more greenhouse gas might be given off in the future from_.atransportationbdeveloping countriescagricultureddeveloped countries答案：c细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句可知，未来更多的温室气体排放可能来自于农业，故选择c项。2we can infer from the passage that_.anigeria has the largest number of diabetes casesboverweight people are at higher risk of infectious diseasescthe examined information comes from developing countriesdindustrialization contributes to the spread of the western diet答案：d推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可推知，工业化、人口增长和收入增加造成了西方饮食的广泛传播，故d项正确。3the main purpose of the passage is to_.acall on us to protect the environmentbwarn us of the danger of the western dietcremind us of the importance of healthdadvise us to have a balanced diet答案：b推理判断题。结合全文，尤其是根据文章最后一段最后一句可知，西方饮食有害健康，不利于环境，故作者是想通过该文让人们警惕西方饮食带来的危害。bto get an extra 14 years of life, dont smoke, eat lots of fruits and vegetables, exercise regularly and drink alcohol in a proper amount, according to a study published this monday in the public library of science medicine.after tracking more than 20,000 people aged 45 to 79 in the united kingdom from about 1993 to 2007, kaytee khaw of the university of cambridge and his colleagues found that people who a