高考英语一轮复习 精细化学通语法 第十四讲 特殊句式及其他讲义.doc

第十四讲 特殊句式及其他强调句1.强调句型(1)强调句型的基本结构：it is/was被强调的部分that/who句子其他部分。该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、状语等进行强调。当被强调部分是人，且作主语时，可用who或that，其他情况下一律用that。it is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.只有通过倾听和相互理解，父母和孩子之间的问题才可能被解决。名师指津强调主语时，要注意连接词和谓语的一致性。it is our teacher who/that helps us make great progress.正是我们老师的帮助我们取得了很大的进步。(2)强调句型的一般疑问句结构：is/was it被强调的部分that/who句子其他部分？was it in the park that he met our new teacher?他是在公园里遇到我们的新老师的吗？(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词is/wasitthat句子其他部分？when was it that he made up his mind to take this course?他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？名师指津由疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序。she doesnt know who it was that saved her son.她不知道是谁救了她的儿子。(4)not . until的强调句型结构：it is/was not until . that句子其他部分。it was not until he got home 30 minutes later that he found he had left his bag in the taxi.直到他到家三十分钟后才发现他把包落在了出租车上。2强调谓语动词用助动词do, does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。she did tell me her address, but i forgot all about it.她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。对点练1单句语法填空it was the culture, rather than the language, that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.was it because jack came late for school that mr.smith got angry?to tell you the truth, tom did take my pen by mistake yesterday, but he has said sorry to me.it was not until i went there that i began to know something about the matter.why was it that you were so sad? because we failed to take part in the basketball match.省略句1.状语从句中的省略在as if, if, though, when, where, while, no matter what, until等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时，从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。all the photographs in this book, unless (the photographs are) stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.这本书里所有的照片，除非有说明，否则，都要追溯到20世纪50 年代。2动词不定式的省略在主动语态中，感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作补足语时，往往将不定式符号to省略；在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省略该动作而保留不定式符号to。the driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.那名司机想把车停靠在路边，但是警察不允许他这样做。3so/not构成替代省略英语中还常常用so/not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容，so/not多跟在im afraid/i hope/i think/i guess/i believe等开头的答句中。do you think it will rain?i hope so/not.你认为会下雨吗？我希望下/不下。4常用的省略结构对点练2单句改错though im not a volunteer any more, i used to and ive done some voluntary work with my friends. to后加bei wont go to the party even if being invited. 去掉beingher parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party, but she still hopes. hopes后加tofilm has a much shorter history, especially when comparing to such art forms as music and planting. comparingcomparedwill you please look after my house when im away?im glad. glad后加to倒装句1.部分倒装(1)将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起的部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有：never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely . when ., no sooner . than ., not only . but also ., not until, nowhere, neither . nor . 等。not until i lost my job did i realize i should improve my working skills.直到失去工作我才意识到我应该提高工作技能了。(2)“only状语”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.只有当你的心态平和时，你才能与别人保持良好的关系。(3)so/such . that . 结构中的so, such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。(4)表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor助动词/系动词/情态动词主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。i saw the film wolf warriors last week; so did she.上周我看了战狼2这部电影，她也看了。(5)在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词要位于句首，构成倒装结构。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。strange as it may sound, if youre unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires.尽管这听起来很奇怪，但是如果你不满意，问题不是缺少满足你的欲望的方法，而是你根本就没有欲望。(6)在非真实条件句中，条件句中的if省略时，助动词had, were, should要提到主语前面。should he come, tell him to ring me up.如果他来了，告诉他给我打电话。(7)“may动词原形”表示祝愿时，通常将may置于句首，构成倒装语序。may you succeed.祝你成功。2全部倒装(1)here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, away, on the wall, in the room 等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词时，句子用全部倒装。john opened the door. there stood a girl he had never seen before.约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿。south of the river lies a small factory.河的南面有一个小工厂。(2)有时为平衡句子结构或突出、强调，将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，构成“表语系动词主语”的完全倒装结构。present at the party were mr. green and many other guests.出席晚会的有格林先生，还有许多别的宾客。对点练3用倒装结构完成句子were_i_you,_i would try it again.我是你的话，就再试一次。much_as/though_he_liked_the_story_book,_he donated it to the charity.虽然他非常喜欢这本故事书，但他还是把它捐给了慈善机构。so frightened_was_he_that he did not dare to move an inch.他很害怕，以至于动也不敢动。only in this way _can_you_learn english well.只有用这种方式，你才能学好英语。out_rushed_a_missile from under the bomber.轰炸机底下窜出一枚导弹(missile)。其他特殊句式1.感叹句的3种常见句式(1)what(a/an)形容词名词主语谓语！what beautiful flowers they are!多么美丽的花啊！(2)how形容词a/an可数名词主语谓语！how clever a boy he is!what a clever boy he is!多聪明的男孩啊！(3)how形容词/副词主语谓语！how high the mountain is!这山真高啊！2祈使句祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。一般不出现主语，谓语动词一律用原形；否定式一律在动词前加dont。祈使句的强调形式是在句首加do。hurry up, or you will be late.快点儿，否则你就要迟到了。3反意疑问句反意疑问句由“陈述句反问句”构成，若陈述句为肯定式，反问句为否定式，反之亦然。(1)陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句当must作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问部分用neednt；当含有mustnt(不允许，禁止)时，其反意疑问部分用must。you must go now, neednt you?你现在必须走，不是吗？you mustnt smoke here, must you?你不能在这里吸烟，是吧？当must表示推测，作“一定，准是”讲时，反意疑问部分的动词形式要根据must后面的动词发生的时间而定。you must have watched the football match last night, didnt you?你昨晚一定是看足球比赛了，是吧？(2)陈述部分含有used to时，疑问部分用usednt或didnt均可。you used to play football, usednt/didnt you?你过去常常踢足球，是吗？(3)陈述部分含有ought to时，疑问部分用oughtnt或shouldnt均可。he ought to attend the meeting, oughtnt/shouldnt he?他应该参加会议，不是吗？(4)陈述部分含有否定词的反意疑问句当陈述部分含有seldom, hardly, scarcely, never, few, little, nothing, nobody等否定词或半否定词时，疑问部分动词用肯定式。he could hardly get up, could he?他几乎起不来了，是吗？陈述部分含有由否定意义的前缀或后缀构成的词，疑问部分一般用否定式。mary dislikes sports, doesnt she?玛丽不喜欢体育运动，不是吗？(5)陈述部分含有宾语从句时，疑问部分的主语和主句的主语保持一致。he said that he would come here on time, didnt he?他说他会准时来这里，不是吗？(6)祈使句后的反意疑问句不表