高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 教材重点全程攻略 Unit 3 Computers讲义 新人教版必修2.doc

unit 3 computers话题素材电脑网络科技话题词汇1convenience n. 方便；便利 2.beneficial adj. 有益的；有好处的3electronic adj. 电子的 4.technology n. 技术；科技5update n. & vt. 更新；(使)现代化6be_addicted_to 对上瘾7negative effects 负面影响 8.with_the_help_of 在帮助下9make a difference 有影响；有关系10shop online 网购11change ones life 改变某人的生活12improve_the_quality_of_life 改善生活质量13more_and_more_popular 越来越流行14surf_the_internet 上网浏览信息(网上冲浪)15contribute to . 导致；促进经典佳句1with_the_help_of the computer, it_has_become_possible for humans to_work at home.在电脑的帮助下，人们在家办公已成为可能。2there_is_no_doubt_that spending too much time surfing the internet will do_harm_to teenagers.毫无疑问，花费太多的时间上网对青少年不利。3we have to say it_is just the internet that is making our life more colourful and comfortable.我们必须承认正是网络使我们的生活更加丰富多彩和舒适。精美语篇recently our class discussed the advantages and disadvantages of surfing the internet. here are our conclusions.of course, surfing the internet clearly has some advantages. there is no doubt that the internet makes communication easier and helps us keep up with the latest information. it also provides us with various ways to kill time, such as online shopping, online movies and online chats with friends.like anything else, the internet is not perfect. being addicted to it can waste a lot of time, especially for us students; not only can our studies be harmed by our spending too much time online, but we often hear news of students who met dangerous people online or even got cheated.in my opinion, when surfing the internet, we should be aware of both the advantages and disadvantages. only in this way can we really benefit from it.高频单词1calculate (vt.) 计算calculation (n.) 计算2universal (adj.) 普遍的；通用的；宇宙的universe (n.) 宇宙；天地万物3simplify (vt.) 简化simple (adj.) 简单的simply (adv.) 仅仅；只；不过4operator (n.) (电脑)操作员；接线员operate (v.) 运转；工作operation (n.) 手术；运作5logical (adj.) 合逻辑的；合情理的logically (adv.) 逻辑上；合逻辑地；有条理地6technology (n.) 工艺；科技；技术technological (adj.) 科技的7intelligence (n.) 智力；聪明；智能intelligent (adj.) 智能的；聪明的8solve (vt.) 解决；解答solution (n.) 解决；解答9reality (n.) 真实；事实；现实real (adj.) 真正的；真实的really (adv.) 真正地；确实地10personal (adj.) 私人的；个人的；亲自的personally (adv.) 就个人而言；亲自personality (n.) 个性；人格；名人11total (adj.) 总的；整个的 (n.) 总数；合计 (vt.) 共计；总计totally (adv.) 完全地；整个地12application (n.) 应用；用途；申请apply (v.) 应用；申请applicant (n.) 申请人；求职者applied (adj.) 应用的；实用的13finance (n.) 金融；财经financial (adj.) 金融的；财政的14explore (vt. & vi.) 探索；探测；探究explorer (n.) 探险家；勘探者exploration (n.) 探索15anyhow (adv.) (也作anyway) 无论如何；即使如此16goal (n.) 目标；目的；球门；(进球)得分17happiness (n.) 幸福；快乐happy (adj.) 高兴的；快乐的18signal (vi. & vt.) 发信号 (n.) 信号19type (n.) 类型 (vt. & vi.) 打字typist (n.) 打字员20arise (vi.) 出现；发生arose (过去式)arisen (过去分词)21electronic (adj.) 电子的electricity (n.) 电；电学22appearance (n.) 外观；外貌；出现appear (vi.) 出现23character (n.) 性格；特点characteristic (adj.) 典型的；独特的；特有的 (n.) 特征；特色重点短语1from_then_on 从那时起2go_by 时光流逝；顺便拜访 3as_a_result 结果4of_high_quality 高质量的 5in_a_way 在某种程度上 6make up 弥补；化妆；编造；构成7after all 毕竟8with the help of 在的帮助下9deal with 处理；安排；对付10watch over 看守；监视热点句型1before “之后才”，引导时间状语从句i developed very slowly and it_took_nearly_two_hundred_years_before (差不多过了两百年才) i was built as an analytical machine by charles babbage.(教材p18)2as “随着”，引导时间状语从句 as_time_went_by (随着时间的推移), i was made smaller.(教材p18)3so . that . “如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句over time my memory has developed so_much_that (如此快以至于), like an elephant, i never forget anything i have been told！(教材p18)4it isadj.to do sth.“做某事是的”i think its_impossible_to_live (无法生活) without computers！(教材p19)5by the time . “到为止” by_the_time_i_was_sixteen (在我满十六岁时)，my dream had come true.(教材p20)6what引导表语从句after all, with the help of my electronic brain which never forgets anything, using intelligence is what_im_all_about (我的一切)！(教材p23)同步训练在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1from then on, i grew _ (rapid) both in size and in brainpower.答案：rapidly2by the 1940s i _ (grow) as large as a room, and i wondered _ i would grow any larger.答案：had grown; if3my memory became _ large that even i couldnt believe it!答案：so4i was always so lonely _ (stand) there by myself, until in the early 1960s they gave me a family _ (connect) by a network.答案：standing; connected5since the 1970s, many new applications _ (find) for me.答案：have been found6i have also been put into robots and used _ (make) mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.答案：to make7anyhow, my goal is to provide humans _ a life of high quality.答案：with8we are determined _ (create) an even better system.答案：to create9she programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while _ (watch) human games.答案：watching10she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation _ (arise)答案：arises1 totaladj.总的；整个的n总数；合计教材原句as a result i totally changed my shape.(p18)因此，我已经完全改变了形状。(1)a total of 总共in total 总计；总共(in all)(2)totally adv. 完全地；整个地you got 47 points on the written examination and 18 on the oral, making a_total_of 65.你笔试得了47分，口试得了18分，总分65分。in_total,_25% of indias workingage population has no education.印度的劳动适龄人口中共计有25%的人没有受到教育。they came from totally different cultures.他们来自完全不同的文化。2 signalvi.& vt.发信号；发暗号；示意 n信号；暗号教材原句i have learned to signal to my teammates in computer language to give me the ball . (p23)我已经学会了用计算机语言示意我的队友把球传给我(1)signal (to) sb. to do sth.示意某人做某事signal that 示意(2)a danger/warning/traffic signal一个危险/警告/交通信号the police signalled/signaled_(to) the driver to_stop his car by raising his hand.警察举手示意司机停车。a red light is a_signal_of danger, which is even known to a fiveyearold child.红灯是危险信号，这是一个5岁孩子都知道的事情。3 arisevi.出现；发生；(由)引起；起身；起床教材原句then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises.(p23)接着她准备好了可行的步骤来应对新情况的出现。(1)arise表示“出现；发生”之意时，其主语多为problem, argument, quarrel, danger, movement, question等抽象名词，多指不好的事情发生或出现。(2)arise from/out of由而引起；由而产生a new difficulty has_arisen.新困难出现了。problems arise_from/out_of the lack of communication.问题由于缺乏交流而产生。写出下列句中arise的含义aunexpected difficulties arose in the course of their experiment. 出现bmistakes often arise from carelessness.由而引起cthey arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park.起床dseeing their teacher come into the classroom, all the students arose from the chairs.起身易混辨析单词词性词义过去式过去分词v.ingarise(vi.) 出现；发生；起因于arosearisenarisingarouse(vt.) 唤醒；激起arousedarousedarousingrise(vi.) 升起；起身；增长；上升roserisenrisingraise(vt.) 举起；唤起；提高；饲养raisedraisedraising一言辨异one of the problems arising_from the present economic situation is that the price is rising sharply, of course, partly because some illegal businessmen raise it on purpose, which has aroused some objections.当前经济形势产生的问题之一是价格迅速上涨，当然，部分原因是一些不法商贩故意提高价格；这种现象已经引起了一片反对之声。.单句语法填空1with many problems _ (arise), he didnt know what to do next.答案：arising此处为with复合结构。arise与problems之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式。2the team are working hard to analyze the problem so that they can find the best _ (solve)答案：solution此处应该填名词，因为空格前有形容词修饰。3there is another kind of beauty that has nothing to do with _ (appear), but comes from the heart.答案：appearance介词后应填名词。4i think _ (happy) depends on our attitude towards life.答案：happiness此处需填名词作宾语从句中的主语，happiness “幸福；快乐”。5if you are not _ (total) satisfied, return it at our expense and your money will be given back to you.答案：totally此处应填副词修饰形容词satisfied。6try to _ (simple) your explanation to the students to help them understand better.答案：simplifytry to do sth. “尽力做某事”，故空处需填动词。simplify “简化”。.单句改错1personal speaking, it is he rather than you that is to blame for the accident._答案：personalpersonally2her childhood dream became a real when she broke the 100m race world record._答案：realreality3she signalled to the children stand up and answer the question._答案：children后加to4once you have had some training, youre ready to take a dive and explored a whole new world under the sea._答案：exploredexploreas a result 结果；因此教材原句 as a result i totally changed my shape.(p18)因此，我已经完全改变了形状。as a result表示“结果；因此”，引出结果，在句中充当状语as a result of表示“作为的结果；由于”，引出原因，是介词短语without result 毫无结果；白费result from由造成；因而产生result in导致people have better access to health care than they used to, and theyre living longer as_a_result.人们有了比过去更便捷的医疗服务，结果，人们更长寿了。she died as_a_result_of her injuries.她因伤死亡。the meeting broke up without_result.会议没有结果就结束了。i think his illness resulted_from the overfull tiredness.我认为他的疾病是因为过度劳累而造成。the flood has_resulted_in many deaths.洪水已经造成了很多人死亡。in a way 在某种程度上教材原句 in a way our programmer is like our coach.(p23)在某种程度上，我们的程序员就像我们的教练。all the way一路上；自始至终；完全by the way 顺便说by way of 经由；通过方法in this way 用这种方式；通过这种方式in no way 一点也不；决不in the way 挡道；碍事no way! 俚别想！没门！(1)表达“在某种程度上”时，还可用in a sense, to a/some degree及to an/some extent三个短语。(2)in no way置于句首时，句子要部分倒装。in_a_way,_he has made great progress this term.从某种程度上来说，这学期他已经取得了很大的进步。her social life got in_the_way of her studies.她的社交活动妨碍了她的学习。he decided that he would drive all_the_way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.他决定一路开车回家而不是在旅馆里过夜。by_the_way,_i found that book you were looking for.顺便提一下，我找到了你在寻找的那本书。all the goods were transported by_way_of the netherlands.一切货物均需经荷兰运送。only_in_this_way can we grow up to be independent and become truly successful.只有用这种方法，我们才能成长为独立的个体，并真正成功。deal with 处理；安排；对付；涉及；讨论；与交易教材原句this means that it should clean the house, mop the floors, cook the dinner and deal with telephone calls.(p24)这就意味着，我的机器人要打扫房间、擦地板、做饭和接听电话。do with sth.处理某事deal in sth.做生意；经营；买卖；对某事感兴趣make a deal 达成协议；做成交易its a deal! 成交/一言为定！(1)deal with意为“处理；对待；对付；涉及；与交易”等众多含义，其中的deal为不及物动词，常与疑问副词how连用。(2)在do with短语中，do为及物动词，表示“如何处理、对待”时，要与疑问代词what连用。ive dealt_with this company for 20 years.我跟这家公司做生意已有二十年。i dont know how they will deal_with the problem.i dont know what they will do_with the problem.我不知道他们将如何处理这个问题。if youll knock down the price by another 5 dollars, its_a_deal.如果你把价格再降5美元，就成交了。写出下列句中deal with的含义athere are too many difficulties for us to deal with.处理bhe has learnt to deal properly with all kinds of complicated situations.应付cit is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics.对付dthey have learnt to deal with various persons.与打交道.选词填空as a result (of)； in no way； with the help of； watch over； deal with； from then on1six volunteers slid down the cliff _ a rope but gave up all hope of finding her alive.答案：with the help of2she left in 1984 and _ he has lived alone.答案：from then on3we all know that, if not _carefully, the situation will get worse.答案：dealt with4fullsun coffee growers destory this forest home. _， many species are quickly dying out.答案：as a result5_should you lose heart when you are faced with difficulties.答案：in no way6they use specially trained dogs to _ the sheep at night.答案：watch over.完成句子1it may take quite a long time before an actor is properly _ for a part.把一个演员妥帖地化装成一个角色也许需要很长的时间。答案：made up2i was not at home when she _ yesterday.她昨天来看我时，我不在家。答案：went by3you should forgive him for his forgetfulness; _， he is over seventy.你应该原谅他的健忘症，毕竟他已经七十多岁了。答案：after all4thus, it is also our job to ensure that initial vocational education in particular is _.因此，尤其要确保基础职业教育的高质量也是我们的工作。答案：of high quality(1)as是连词，在该句中引导时间状语从句。(2)with是介词，后接名词或代词等构成with短语或with复合结构，如：with time going by “随着时间的流逝”。as we grow older, we get wiser.随着年龄的增长，我们变得越来越聪明。with winter coming on, it is getting colder and colder day by day.冬天来临了，天气越来越冷了。as time went_by,_i gradually adapted myself to the school life.with time going_by,_i gradually adapted myself to the school life.随着时间的推移，我逐渐适应了学校生活。i developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before i was built as an analytical machine by charles babbage.(p18)我发展缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。本句型中，before引导一个时间状语从句。before的本意为“在之前”，但如果主句是肯定句，并且与时间段连用，意为“之后才”，表示主句的动作发生得迟缓。若主句是否定句，意为“不久就”。it will be时间段before . 要过多久才(从句常用一般现在时)it will not be long before . 不久就会(从句常用一般现在时)if you miss this chance, it_may_be_years_before you get another one.如果你错过这次机会，可能要等几年才会有下一次机会。it_wont_be_long_before they graduate from college.不久他们就要大学毕业了。three_weeks_went_by_before she realized her mistakes.三周过去了，她才意识到自己的错误。.单句语法填空1the book explains how animals and plants develop _ the environment changes.答案：asas在该句中引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”。句意：这本书解释了随着环境的变化，动植物是如何进化的。2youd better write down her phone number _ you forget it.答案：before结合语义可知，此处表示“在之前，以防”，故填before。3he spoke _ loudly _ even the people in the next room could hear him.答案：so; thatso . that . “如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句。句意：他说话声音那么大，以至于隔壁房间都能听得到。4with china _ (develop), chinese is becoming more and more important.答案：developingwith china developing “随着中国的发展”。句意：随着中国的发展，汉语变得越来越重要。.完成句子1_ you, i will have left the country.你收到这封信时，我将已经离开这个国家了。答案：by the time this letter reaches2it is a long time since they separated, but _ they meet again.他们分别很长时间了，但过不了多久他们就会再次见面了。答案：it wont be long before3with science and technology _ quickly, the computer can be applied to so many fields that we cant go without it.随着科技的迅速发展，计算机被运用到如此多的领域以至于我们不能没有它。答案：developing现在完成时的被动语态结构肯定式主语have/has been done . 否定式主语have/has not been done . 一般疑问式have/has主语been done . ？特殊疑问式特殊疑问词have/has主语been done . ？用法1表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响和结果，且这个动作与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系。jacks boss has always praised him for his devotion to work.jack has always been praised by his boss for his devotion to work.杰克时常因为尽职于工作而受到老板的表扬。2表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始，持续到现在，并且有可能继续持续下去。常与“for时间段”或“since时间点”等时间状语连用，此时，该被动语态的动词应使用延续性动词。they have built many houses in the village in the past few years.many houses have been built in the village in the past few years.过去几年，他们在这个村庄建造了许多的房子。.单句语法填空1shakespeares play hamlet _ (make) into at least ten different films over the past years.答案：has been made由题干中的over the past years可知，此处应用现在完成时，且make与hamlet之间为被动关系，故填现在完成时的被动语态。2up to now, thousands of red phone boxes, the old image of britain, _ (remove) due to mobile phones.答案：have been removed根据up to now可知，该句应用现在完成时，且remove与red phone boxes之间为被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。3paper money _ (use) for over a thousand years.答案：has been used由题干中的for over a thousand years可知，此处应用现在完成时，且use与主语之间为被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。4recently, many cities in the world _ (build) along the river.答案：have been built由recently可知，此处应用现在完成时，且build与cities之间为被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。.单句改错1a personal computer has bought by my parents._答案：has后加been2high quality of oil have been used for cooking in the restaurant in the past few years._答案：havehas3these patients have been taken good care since they moved to the hospital._答案：care后加of4much has been said but little has done about the issue._答案：done前加been.阅读理解awhile the world is still debating the safety of selfdriving cars, dubai is preparing to launch an autonomous flying taxi. starting in july, the worlds first passenger drone (无人机), the ehang 184, will be available to passengers.the shuttle, released in las vegas in january 2016, weighs 440 pounds and can fly at heights of up to 11,500 feet. the eggshaped vehicle has room for a single passenger weighing up to 220 pounds and a small suitcase. though the flying taxi can reach speeds of up to 100 mph, it will typically operate at about 62 mph.passengers can ask for the flying taxi to pick them up from appointed zones using a smartphone app. passengers strap into the seat, select a destination on the touch screen, and enjoy the flight. to ensure the passengers safety, all flights are monitored remotely by a control room on the ground.in the unlikely event that any of the components malfunction or disconnect, the drone will make an emergency landing to ensure the customers safety. its also programmed to ensure its route wont affect that of another drone. while having no control over the remotely piloted vehicle may appear scary, the producer, chinabased ehang, says, “it is the safest, smartest and ecofriendly low altitude autonomous flying vehicle.” any drawback? the ehang 184 has a battery life of 30 minutes and a flight range of just 31 miles. also unknown is the cost of each ride.though the flying taxi seems advanced, it is not the first driverless transportation option available to dubais residents. as part of its goal to have 25% of the public transportation automated by 2030, the authorities have built the worlds longest driverless metro and introduced serfnavigating shuttles. officials recently also partnered a us company to build supersonic speed pods to carry passengers between dubai and abu dhabi.篇章导读：本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍了一种迪拜正准备投入供公交出租使用的自动驾驶低空飞行器ehang 184。1what can we learn about the flying taxi?aa passenger can call fo