北京市昌平一中高中英语 Unit 8 Adventure Grammar课件 北师大版必修3.ppt

grammar definingandnon definingrelativeclauses objectives bytheendofthisperiod youwillbeableto discoverthedifferencesbetweendefiningandnon definingrelativeclausesaswellastheirrules writeashortpassage usingdefiningandnon definingrelativeclauses readthetextandfindoutasmanyrelativeclausesasyoucan 1 hetravelledacrosseuropeandasiawithhisfather whowantedtodotradewiththechinese line2 2 hewasimpressedbybeijingandtheemperor spalace especiallythesummerpalacewhichhedescribedas thegreatestpalacethateverwas line13 3 therewereinventionsanddevelopmentsinchinawhichwerenotavailableineuropeatthattime line16 4 marcowasluckyenoughtomeetanotherprisonerwhoenjoyedlisteningtohisstoriesaboutchina line27 5 theprisonerthenwroteabookcalledthedescriptionoftheworld whichbecameoneofthebestsellingbooksineurope line30 6 wasitalltrue towhichhereplied ihaveonlytoldhalfofwhatisaw line35 findouttheword s thattheclausereferstoineachsentence 1 hetravelledacrosseuropeandasiawithhisfather whowantedtodotradewiththechinese line2 2 hewasimpressedbybeijingandtheemperor spalace especiallythesummerpalacewhichhedescribedas thegreatestpalacethateverwas line13 3 therewereinventionsanddevelopmentsinchinawhichwerenotavailableineuropeatthattime line16 4 marcowasluckyenoughtomeetanotherprisonerwhoenjoyedlisteningtohisstoriesaboutchina line27 5 theprisonerthenwroteabookcalledthedescriptionoftheworld whichbecameoneofthebestsellingbooksineurope line30 6 wasitalltrue towhichhereplied ihaveonlytoldhalfofwhatisaw line35 hisfather thesummerpalace inventionsanddevelopments anotherprisoner thedescription oftheworld wasitalltrue observethetwogroupsofsentencescarefully canyoufindthedifferencebetweentheminforms 2 hewasimpressedbybeijingandtheemperor spalace especiallythesummerpalacewhichhedescribedas thegreatestpalacethateverwas 3 therewereinventionsanddevelopmentsinchinawhichwerenotavailableineuropeatthattime 4 marcowasluckyenoughtomeetanotherprisonerwhoenjoyedlisteningtohisstoriesaboutchina 1 hetravelledacrosseuropeandasiawithhisfather whowantedtodotradewiththechinese 5 theprisonerthenwroteabookcalledthedescriptionoftheworld whichbecameoneofthebestsellingbooksineurope 6 wasitalltrue towhichhereplied ihaveonlytoldhalfofwhatisaw thereisacommabeforetheclause nocommabeforetheclause summary 1外在表现形式不同 differencesbetweendefiningandnon definingrelativeclauses nocommabeforetheclause thereisacommabeforetheclause 对比 2 professorwanghasason whoworksinbeijing 1 professorwanghasasonwhoworksinbeijing 王教授有一个儿子 在北京工作 王教授有个在北京工作的儿子 第一组theoldmanhasason whoisinthearmy theoldmanhasasonwhoisinthearmy 第二组myyoungerbrotherwhois18yearsoldisacollegestudent myyoungerbrother whois18yearsold isacollegestudent 第一组theoldmanhasason whoisinthearmy theoldmanhasasonwhoisinthearmy 第一组 a中的从句是非限制性定语从句 是对先行词的补充说明 整个句子的意思是 这位老人有一个儿子 在部队工作 隐含的意义 只有一个儿子 b中的从句是限制性定语从句 作用是对先行词son进行限定 修饰 整个句子的意思是 这位老人有个在部队工作的儿子 隐含的意思 也许还有其他的儿子 在干别的工作 第二组myyoungerbrotherwhois18yearsoldisacollegestudent myyoungerbrother whois18yearsold isacollegestudent 第二组 虽然两句的表达顺序完全相同 但是由于停顿和语调的变化 造成的定语从句与主句关系的紧密程度发生变化 a句可以翻译成 我18岁的那个弟弟是大学生 从句是限制性定语从句 是限定性定语从句限定了先行词的意义 明确是18岁的那个弟弟 而不是其他的 即有可能还有几个弟弟 b可以翻译成 我弟弟是大学生 今年18岁 1 ihaveasisterwhoworksinahospital 我有一位在医院工作的姐姐 不只一位姐姐 2 ihaveasister whoworksinahospital 我有一位姐姐 她在医院工作 只有一位姐姐 3 hehasabrother wholivesinbeijing 他有一个哥哥 住在北京 只有一位哥哥 moreexamples 4 hehasabrotherwholivesinbeijing 他有一个住在北京的哥哥 不只一位哥哥 whichoftheclausesgive informationtoidentifythepersons objects extrainformationaboutapersonorathing whichcanbeleftout 1 hetravelledacrosseuropeandasiawithhisfather whowantedtodotradewiththechinese line2 2 hewasimpressedbybeijingandtheemperor spalace especiallythesummerpalacewhichhedescribedas thegreatestpalacethateverwas line13 3 therewereinventionsanddevelopmentsinchinawhichwerenotavailableineuropeatthattime line16 4 marcowasluckyenoughtomeetanotherprisonerwhoenjoyedlisteningtohisstoriesaboutchina line27 5 theprisonerthenwroteabookcalledthedescriptionoftheworld whichbecameoneofthebestsellingbooksineurope line30 6 wasitalltrue towhichhereplied ihaveonlytoldhalfofwhatisaw line35 234156 限制性定语从句 是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语 如果去掉 主句的意思就不完整 而非限制性定语从句 对先行词进行补充说明 关系不是十分紧密 省去对主句没有多大影响 non restrictiveattributiveclause aclausethataddsextrainformationtothemanclauseofasentence summary 2在句中作用不同 practice definingornon defining pairwork pleasefinishex 6onpage27withyourpartner therehasn tbeenanynewsabouthimsincehelefthome whichupsetsme 自从他离开家后就没有他的任何消息 这使我很不安 在这里 which引导的从句 代表前面的整个主句 此时 不能放在主句之前 观察 运用非限制性定语从句的情况 当关系词指代整个主句内容时 theboywasawayfromhomeforaweek whichworriedhisparentsverymuch 小男孩离家一个星期了 这使他的父母很担心thebookisverytouching asmostreaderssay 正如大多数读者所说的 这本书很感人 taiwanbelongstochina aseverybodyknows asisknowntous taiwanbelongstochina 众所周知 台湾属于中国 在这里 as引导的定语从句 代表整个主句 可以放在主句之前或之后 as在从句中作宾语或主语 as引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别 当主句和从句语义一致时 用as 反之 用which来引导非限制性定语从句 e g hemadealongspeech asweexpected hemadealongspeech whichwasunexpected 当非限制定语从句为否定时 常用which引导 e g tomdrinksaloteveryday whichhiswifedoesn tlikeatall jinan whichisanicecity attractsmanyvisitorseveryday 济南是美丽的城市 每天吸引了很多的游客 johnsmith whowasmyformerteacher retiredlastyear 约翰 史密斯去年退休了 他曾是我的老师 当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物或专有名词时 1 从句与主句的关系相对松散 从句用于补充主句的内容和信息 2 去掉从句不影响句意的完整 修饰先行词或整个句子 1 主句 从句之间多用逗号隔开2 关系词不可以省略3 不能用that引导4 翻译时先译主句再译从句 修饰先行词 1 没有停顿 主句与从句之间不用逗号2 关系词若作从句的宾语 可省略 3 可用that引导4 翻译时先翻译从句在翻译主句 1 从句与主句关系紧凑 从句对先行词起修饰限定作用2 缺少从句会影响句意的完整 practice definingornon defining pairwork pleasefinishex 7onpage27withyourpartner practice canyouusenon definingclauses pairwork pleasecompletethefollowingfoursentenceswithyourpartner trytousenon definingclauses j k rowlingisafamousenglishauthor j k rowlingisafamousenglishauthor englishhasbecometheworld sinternationallanguage englishhasbecometheworld sinternationallanguage thelongmarchendedinyan an thelongmarchendedinyan an the2008olympicswassuccessfullyheldinbeijing the2008olympicswassuccessfullyheldinbeijing languageinuse haveyouevertakenanadventure ifso writeashortpassageaboutit ifyou venevertakenanyadventure pleasewriteaboutonethatyouhavereadorheardabout don tforgettouserelativeclausesin