乾隆皇帝 英文版.doc

。The Qianlong emperor aisin-giorro hongli in qing (1711-1799) dynasty, was the fourth son of Yongzheng, the fourth emperor after the qing dynasty governed China. He had put the qing dynasty to its peak, however, at the same time, also had brought it to the bottom, he played an important role in the process of China in the 18th century .Hong li was the fourth child of Yongzheng emperor, and was born in Kangxi fifty years (in 1711) in yongqin place of prince. Hongli become the emperor in yongzheng 13 years(1735),and changed reign title into Qianlong.Hong li was talented in youth, and perfered by KangXi. Kangxi emperor had ever chosen the best teacher for him, and a lot of education was also given to him. In the first year of yongzheng (1723), hongli was made prince secretly, and after eleven years he had a chance to be the prince of the shuobao prince, and started to participate in the military and priority.yongzheng emperor died in Yongzheng thirteen years (1735), and hong li took the place of his father becoming the new emperor of China. At the that time , he was standing at the highest point of the Chinese society, so he began to cast his great ambitions.Qianlong corrected the shortcomings of the strict management his grandfather used in political , and the loose and strict politics were both put into use, whats more, he had cleaned up the government, atandardized system of various laws. When it comes to political, there are the following things.First of all, he attaches great importance to the official selection, he stressed that officials should be young, and over the age of 55 officials should be identified carefully, and officials over the age of sixty-five should be led to see him, and be decided by himself whether the officials dad the ability to continue to work. He divided incompetent officials into several categories: old age, illness, impetuous, wit- less, weakness, greed, and so on, and gave different treatment towards them. To the contrast, scholars were given special treatment. And people who were punished at yongzheng period were placated. In economic, Qianlong rewarded land reclamation, and built water conservancy project. At that time the whole country display a prosperous scene .In qianlong period, the dropped or disposed officials amounted to more than sixty thousand people because of the unqualified appraisal.Second, qianlong also banned that others t pay tribute to him- in the mid-term he banned the provincial official pay tribute to him. The third, he paid attention to merit of professional performence, in order to clean up the bureaucracy, hong li use examines of jingcha, daji carefully and strictly to exam officials, Including the officials that were not assessed in the past.He also order someone to tell him wether officials was good secretly.At the same time, he also paid attention to solve the problems officials and their families had. He increase the officers compensation, and gave special money to the official who was sent out, which made the official outside had an opposite attitude towards his job. .Fifth, he punished the corrupt officials. Its a pity that both of these were taken place only in early to mid-period in Qianlong which was the most dynamic and blessed by the posterity when the Qianlong was in power. And in the late period, bad policy continuously be introduced and the political was corruption which covered a shadow on the brilliant life of qianlong. The reseans of this was that Qianlong relied on curropt officials like Minzhong, ho-shen and so on, -especially the corrupt official ho-shen, Qianlong was also old at that time. Qianlong emperor was also talented in literature, and he had written many poetries which was up to more than forty-two thousand, almost be equal to the full collection of Tang Poems. Qianlong attached great importance to the collections and sorting of classics of cultural relics. Emperor qian longs most outstanding achievement in culture was collecting books nationwide, compiling the famous book which is known as 四库全书. To the contrast, however, he launched the literary inquisition, burned down many important cultural ancient books in the history of Chinese, which was a black mark on the magenement of him in culture. Qianlong emperor also had a preference of traval. He had gone to jiangnan six times, and met the lead of northwestern minority many times in the Imperial Mountain Summer Resort, all of these measures played an important role of the development of economy, consolidating power, and winning peace.Its a pity that the eyesight of qianlong emperor was just limited in China. And he didnt think highly of the developing science culture in European countries.Qianglong had been in power for about 60 years, and had control the country for another 3 years although at that time he has given his power to his son yung jan. So, not only he was the most longevity emperor in Chinese history, but also the emperor who controled the country the longest time.In Jiaqing four years (1799), emperor qian long died.The temple of qiangloong emperor is located in the hebei ZunHua qing dongling.Qianlong is one of the famous emperor in late feudal society in China.He completed the unification of the multinational country in the base of kangxi, yongzheng dynasties on further.And the social economy and culture got a further development, forming the famous 康乾盛世 in Chinese history. Qianlong, however, it was the biggest dictator. the policy of literary inquisition seriously depressed