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关键词：: 越野车转向桥驱动桥汽车设计汽车设计车辆四驱越野车转向驱动桥

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四驱越野车转向驱动桥的设计【优秀汽车车辆设计+11张CAD图纸】

四驱越野车转向驱动桥的设计

越野车转向驱动桥的设计

越野车驱动桥的设计

四驱越野车转向驱动桥的设计【优秀汽车车辆设计+11张CAD图纸】

【带外文翻译+39页@正文17900字】【详情如下】【需要咨询购买全套设计请加QQ1459919609 】.bat

A0主减速器.dwg

A0转向驱动桥.dwg

A1转向器.dwg

A1转向器壳.dwg

A3上盖.dwg

A3从动齿轮.dwg

A3侧盖.dwg

A3摇臂轴.dwg

A3螺母.dwg

A4半轴齿轮.dwg

A4行星齿轮.dwg

四驱越野车转向驱动桥的设计正文.doc

1前言1

2总体方法论证2

2.1转向驱动桥分析2

2.2 结构方案的确定2

2.2.1驱动桥的分析2

2.2.2转向器的分析2

2.2.3转向节的分析2

2.3本车桥的结构3

3主减速器的设计计算4

3.1主减速器传动比的计算4

3.2主减速器的选择4

3.3主减速器齿轮的类型5

3.4主减速齿轮计算载荷的确定6

3.5主减速器齿轮基本参数的选择7

3.5.1齿数的选择7

表3-1 汽车驱动桥主减速器主动锥齿轮齿数（用于半展成法*加工时）7

3.5.2节圆直径的选择8

3.5.3齿面宽的选择9

3.5.4双曲面齿轮的偏移距E9

3.5.5双曲面齿轮的偏移方向9

3.5.6齿轮法向压力角的选择9

3.5.7齿轮几何尺寸的计算9

3.6.1单位齿长上的圆周力12

3.6.2轮齿的弯曲强度计算13

3.6.3轮齿的接触强度计算13

3.7 主减速器齿轮的材料及热处理14

3.8 主减速器的润滑14

4差速器的设计15

4.1 差速器的结构型式选择15

4.2差速器齿轮的基本参数选择15

4.2.1行星齿轮数目的选择15

4.2.2行星齿轮球面半径RB(mm)的确定15

4.2.3行星齿轮与半轴齿轮齿数的选择16

4.2.4差速器圆锥齿轮模数及半轴齿轮节圆直径的初步确定16

4.2.5差速器几何尺寸的计算16

4.3差速器齿轮与强度计算18

5半轴的设计19

5.1半轴的设计与计算19

5.2半轴的结构设计及材料与热处理20

6桥壳的设计21

6.1桥壳的结构型式大致分为可分式21

7转向器22

7.1循环球式转向器的角传动比22

7.2螺杆－钢球－螺母传动副22

7.3齿条、齿扇传动副25

7.4循环球式转向器零件的强度计算29

8转向节的设计33

8.1万向节的选择33

8.2万向节的设计计算33

9结论35

考文献参36

1前言

转向驱动桥在四驱越野车中是指具有转向功能的驱动桥。其主要功能一是把分动器传出的功率经其减速后传递给车轮使车轮转动；二是通过转向器把方向盘所受的转矩传递给转向杆从而使车轮转向。

改革开放以来, 随着汽车工业的飞速发展，人民生活水平的提高，高速公路、高等级公路的不断建设，汽车正逐渐进入家庭，成为人们生活的一部分。

同时随着我国加入世界贸易组织，通用、福特、日产、丰田……一批世界一流汽

车生产企业纷纷进入中国，市场竞争日趋激烈.入世后，技术竞争将是我国汽车工业面临的最大挑战。

本课题是结合科研进行工程设计。由于四驱越野车的普及，因而对于转向驱动桥是非常需要的。为了让越野车能更好的适应野外的行驶，对于转向驱动桥提出了以下要求：

a.车轮转向要达到45°

b.方向盘向各边能转动2.5圈

c.前轮采用麦弗逊悬架

在王琪老师和李书伟老师的指导下，首先进行了方案论证。经过讨论与研究，对于桥壳部分改变了以前的非断开式，最终确定对于主减速器部分仍采用整体式而两端分别装一球面滚轮式万向节。在转向节部分采用球笼式万向节，转向器采用循环球式转向器。由于转向驱动桥最终要于其它部分组合在一起组成四驱车，所以整个设计过程要考虑最终的组装。我们根据厂方提供的数据首先对驱动桥进行了详细的分析。然后根据分析的结果，计算各部分的轴向力、扭矩、传动比以及功率。进而对各部分进行设计。

转向驱动桥改变了以往的非断开式桥壳，使其更适和在一些非平坦路面上行驶。本课题新颖实用，在技术上有较大改进，具有较强的竞争力。本转向驱动桥将具有很大的市场前景。

考文献参

[1] 胡迪青, 梁高福，胡于进，李成刚. 重型越野车驱动桥智能设计系统[J]. 华中理工大学学报，1999,(11):27-30.

[2] 胡迪青, 易建军, 胡于进, 李成刚. 基于模块化的越野汽车驱动桥方案设计及性能综合评价[J]. 机械设计与制造工程,2000,(03): 12-15.

[3] 陈效华, 余剑飞, 龙思源. 驱动桥集成建模系统概要设计[J]. 汽车工程,2003,(01):42-43.

[4] 吴瑞明, 周晓军, 赵明岩, 潘明清. 汽车驱动桥的疲劳检测分析[J]. 汽车工程,2003,(03):21-24.

[5] 王红, 方晓红, 谷书伟, 王明训. 东方红LF80-904WD前驱动桥的结构改进[J]. 拖拉机与农用运输车,2001,(01):44-45.?

[6] 高梦熊. 地下装载机驱动桥壳强度计算[J]. 工程机械,2002,(08):33-34.

[7] 曲补和!030009. 地下矿车用驱动桥的国产[J]. 山西机械,1999,(S1):33-35.

[8] 陈家瑞. 汽车构造(上册) [M]. 北京：机械工业出版社，2000.

[9] 陈家瑞. 汽车构造(下册) [M]. 北京：机械工业出版社，2000.

[10] 王望予. 汽车设计[M]. 北京：机械工业出版社，2000.

[11] 徐灏主编. 新编机械设计师手册[M].北京：机械工业出版社，1995.

[12] 汽车工程手册编辑委员会. 汽车工程手册：(设计篇) [M]. 北京：人民交通出版社，2001.

[13] 汽车工程手册编辑委员会. 汽车工程手册：(基础篇) [M]. 北京：人民交通出版社，2001.

[14] 成大先. 机械设计手册[M]. （1～4册）北京：化学工业出版社，1993.

[15] 何光里. 汽车运用工程师手册[M]. 北京：人民交通出版社，1999.

[16] 甘永力. 几何量公差与检测[M]. 上海：科学技术出版社，2001.

[17] 刘惟信. 汽车车桥设计[M]. 北京：清华出版社，2003.

[18] 陈秀宁, 施高义. 机械设计课程设计[M]. 浙江：浙江大学出版社，1995.

[19] 王宗荣. 工程图学[M]. 北京：机械工业出版社，2001.

[20] 徐锦康. 汽车设计[M]. 北京：机械工业出版社，2001.

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内容简介：: 附录A 英文文献 Drive axle/differentialAll vehicles have some type of drive axle/differential assembly incorporated into the driveline. Whether it is front, rear or four wheel drive, differentials are necessary for the smooth application of engine power to the road.Powerflow The drive axle must transmit power through a 90 angle. The flow of power in conventional front engine/rear wheel drive vehicles moves from the engine to the drive axle in approximately a straight line. However, at the drive axle, the power must be turned at right angles (from the line of the driveshaft) and directed to the drive wheels.This is accomplished by a pinion drive gear, which turns a circular ring gear. The ring gear is attached to a differential housing, containing a set of smaller gears that are splined to the inner end of each axle shaft. As the housing is rotated, the internal differential gears turn the axle shafts, which are also attached to the drive wheels.Fig 1 Drive axle Rear-wheel driveRear-wheel-drive vehicles are mostly trucks, very large sedans and many sports car and coupe models. The typical rear wheel drive vehicle uses a front mounted engine and transmission assemblies with a driveshaft coupling the transmission to the rear drive axle. Drive in through the layout of the bridge, the bridge drive shaft arranged vertically in the same vertical plane, and not the drive axle shaft, respectively, in their own sub-actuator with a direct connection, but the actuator is located at the front or the back of the adjacent shaft of the two bridges is arranged in series. Vehicle before and after the two ends of the driving force of the drive axle, is the sub-actuator and the transmission through the middle of the bridge. The advantage is not only a reduction of the number of drive shaft, and raise the driving axle of the common parts of each other, and to simplify the structure, reduces the volume and quality.Fig 2 Rear-wheel-drive axleSome vehicles do not follow this typical example. Such as the older Porsche or Volkswagen vehicles which were rear engine, rear drive. These vehicles use a rear mounted transaxle with halfshafts connected to the drive wheels. Also, some vehicles were produced with a front engine, rear transaxle setup with a driveshaft connecting the engine to the transaxle, and halfshafts linking the transaxle to the drive wheels.Differential operationIn order to remove the wheel around in the kinematics due to the lack of co-ordination about the wheel diameter arising from a different or the same rolling radius of wheel travel required, inter-wheel motor vehicles are equipped with about differential, the latter to ensure that the car driver Bridge on both sides of the wheel when in range with a trip to the characteristics of rotating at different speeds to meet the requirements of the vehicle kinematics.Fig 3 Principle of differentialThe accompanying illustration has been provided to help understand how this occurs. 1.The drive pinion, which is turned by the driveshaft, turns the ring gear.2.The ring gear, which is attached to the differential case, turns the case.3.The pinion shaft, located in a bore in the differential case, is at right angles to the axle shafts and turns with the case.4.The differential pinion (drive) gears are mounted on the pinion shaft and rotate with the shaft .5.Differential side gears (driven gears) are meshed with the pinion gears and turn with the differential housing and ring gear as a unit.6.The side gears are splined to the inner ends of the axle shafts and rotate the shafts as the housing turns.7.When both wheels have equal traction, the pinion gears do not rotate on the pinion shaft, since the input force of the pinion gears is divided equally between the two side gears.8.When it is necessary to turn a corner, the differential gearing becomes effective and allows the axle shafts to rotate at different speeds .Open-wheel differential on each general use the same amount of torque. To determine the size of the wheel torque to bear two factors: equipment and friction. In dry conditions, when a lot of friction, the wheel bearing torque by engine size and gear restrictions are hours in the friction (such as driving on ice), is restricted to a maximum torque, so that vehicles will not spin round. So even if the car can produce more torque, but also need to have sufficient traction to transfer torque to the ground. If you increase the throttle after the wheels slip, it will only make the wheels spin faster.Fig 4 Conventional differentialLimited-slip and locking differential operation Fig 5 Limited-slip differentialDifferential settlement of a car in the uneven road surface and steering wheel-driven speed at about the different requirements; but is followed by the existence of differential in the side car wheel skid can not be effective when the power transmission, that is, the wheel slip can not produce the driving force, rather than spin the wheel and does not have enough torque. Good non-slip differential settlement of the car wheels skid on the side of the power transmission when the issue, that is, locking differential, so that no longer serve a useful differential right and left sides of the wheel can be the same torque.Limited-slip and locking differential operation can be divided into two major categories：(1) mandatory locking type in ordinary differential locking enforcement agencies to increase, when the side of the wheel skid occurs, the driver can be electric, pneumatic or mechanical means to manipulate the locking body meshing sets of DIP Shell will be with the axle differential lock into one, thus the temporary loss of differential role. Relatively simple structure in this way, but it must be operated by the driver, and good roads to stop locking and restore the role of differential. (2) self-locking differential installed in the oil viscosity or friction clutch coupling, when the side of the wheel skid occurs when both sides of the axle speed difference there, coupling or clutch friction resistance on the automatic, to make certain the other side of the wheel drive torque and the car continued to travel. When there is no speed difference on both sides of the wheel, the frictional resistance disappeared, the role of automatic restoration of differentials. More complicated structure in this way, but do not require drivers to operate. Has been increasingly applied in the car. About non-slip differential, not only used for the differential between the wheels, but also for all-wheel drive vehicle inter-axle differential/.Gear ratio The drive axle of a vehicle is said to have a certain axle ratio. This number (usually a whole number and a decimal fraction) is actually a comparison of the number of gear teeth on the ring gear and the pinion gear. For example, a 4.11 rear means that theoretically, there are 4.11 teeth on the ring gear for each tooth on the pinion gear or, put another way, the driveshaft must turn 4.11 times to turn the wheels once. The role of the final drive is to reduce the speed from the drive shaft, thereby increasing the torque. Lord of the reduction ratio reducer, a driving force for car performance and fuel economy have a greater impact. In general, the more reduction ratio the greater the acceleration and climbing ability, and relatively poor fuel economy. However, if it is too large, it can not play the full power of the engine to achieve the proper speed. The main reduction ratio is more Smaller ，the speed is higher, fuel economy is better, but the acceleration and climbing ability will be poor. 附录B 文献翻译驱动桥和差速器所有的汽车都装有不同类型的驱动桥和差速器来驱动汽车行驶。无论是前驱汽车，后驱汽车还是四轮驱动的汽车，对于将发动机的动力转化到车轮上差速器都是不可缺少的部件。动力的传递驱动桥必须把发动机的动力转一个直角后传递出去，但人对于前轮驱动汽车发动机输出的转矩与主减速器是在同一直线上的，但是发动机前置的后轮驱动的汽车发动机的动力必须以正确的角度传递出去，来驱动车轮。图中所示是齿轮驱动的过程，即由一个相对小的齿轮驱动一个大齿轮（主动齿轮和从动齿轮），从动锥齿轮和差速器壳连接在一起，在半轴的根部有一对带有内花键的半轴齿轮，半轴齿轮和半轴通过花键来连接在一起。当差速器壳旋转时，就驱动内部的半齿轮转动从而使半轴转动，将转矩传给车轮。后驱动桥后轮驱动的车辆大多是卡车，大型轿车和大部分跑车。典型的后轮驱动的车辆使用前置发动机和变速箱总成将转矩传输到后轮驱动桥。多驱动桥汽车中，在贯通式驱动桥的布置中，各桥的传动轴布置在同一纵向铅垂平面内，并且各驱动桥不是分别用自己的传动轴与分动器直接联接，而是位于分动器前面的或后面的各相邻两桥的传动轴，是串联布置的。汽车前后两端的驱动桥的动力，是经分动器并贯通中间桥而传递的。其优点是，不仅减少了传动轴的数量，而且提高了各驱动桥零件的相互通用性，并且简化了结构、减小了体积和质量。一些车辆不是这个典型的例子。如老式的保时捷或大众汽车引擎在汽车后面，是后轮驱动。这些车辆使用的后方安装驱动桥与半轴来驱动车轮。另外，一些车辆是前置引擎，后桥与传动轴连接发动机来驱动车轮。差速器为了消除由于左右车轮在运动学上的不协调而产生左右车轮外径不同或滚动半径不相等而要求车轮行程，汽车左右驱动轮间都装有差速器，后者保证了汽车驱动桥两侧车轮在行程不等时具有以不同速度旋转的特性，从而满足了汽车行驶运动学要求。如图所示说明了其工作情况1. 主动齿轮转动，从而驱动从动齿轮。2. 从动齿轮将转矩作用于差速器壳，使其转动。3. 位于差速器壳中的行星齿轮以适当的角度和半轴齿轮接触，并随的差速器壳转动。4. 行星齿轮（驱动齿轮）和十字轴连接，和十字轴一起转动。5. 半轴齿轮（被驱动齿轮）和行星齿轮啮合并且和从动齿轮及差速器壳作为一个整体一起转动。6. 半轴齿轮的内花键和半轴端部饿花键接在一起随着差速壳一起转动。7. 当两侧车轮转速相同时，行星齿轮和半轴齿轮无相对运动，左右齿轮力矩平均分配。8. 当汽车转弯时差速器开始起作用，是两侧的半轴以不同的转速旋转。开式差速器对每个车轮一般使用相同量的扭矩。确定车轮承受的扭矩大小的因素有两个：设备和摩擦力。在干燥的条件下，当摩擦力很大时，车轮承受的扭矩大小受发动机和挡位的限制，在摩擦力很小时（如在冰上行驶），限制为最大扭矩，从而使车轮不

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