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本科毕业设计图纸题 目： 某贸易综合楼照明及 电视监控系统设计 院 （部）： 信息与电气工程学院专 业： 电气工程与自动化班 级： 电气084姓 名： 王志强学 号： 2008081150指导教师： 焦营营完成日期： 2012年6月外文文献及译文文献、资料题目：Fire alarm control panel文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期： 院 （部）： 专 业： 班 级： 姓 名： 学 号： 指导教师： 翻译日期： 外文文献：Fire alarm control panel A Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP), or Fire Alarm Control Unit (FACU), is the controlling component of a Fire alarm System. The panel receives information from environmental sensors designed to detect changes associated with fire, monitors their operational integrity and provides for automatic control of equipment, and transmission of information necessary to prepare the facility for fire based on a predetermined sequence. The panel may also supply electrical energy to operate any associated sensor, control, transmitter, or relay. There are four basic types of panels: coded panels, conventional panels, addressable panels, and multiplex systems.Contents1 Coded Fire Alarm Control Panels2 Conventional Fire Alarm Control Panels3 Multiplex systems4 Releasing panels5 Addressable Fire Alarm Control Panels 5.1 Signaling Line Circuits 5.2 Mapping 5.2.1 Zones 5.2.2 Groups 5.2.3 Boolean logic6 Networking7 Monitoring8 System functions 8.1 System reset 8.2 Acknowledge 8.3 Drill 8.4 Walk test 8.5 Signal silence 8.6 Lamp test 9 AC power10 DC power1 Coded Fire Alarm Control PanelsCoded panels were the earliest type of central fire alarm control, and were made during the 1800s to the 1970s. A coded panel is similar in many ways to a modern conventional panel (described below), except each zone was connected to its own code wheel ( i.e. An alarm in zone 1 would sound code 1-2-4 through the bells or horns in the building, while zone 2 would sound 1-2-5), which, depending on the way the panel was set up, would either do sets of four rounds of code until the initiating pull station was reset (similar to a coded(pull station) or run continuously until the panel itself was reset. Large panels could take up an entire wall in a mechanical room, with dozens of code wheels. Lists of codes had to be maintained, sometimes with copies posted above pull stations (this setup is commonly seen in older wings of hospitals). Smaller panels could be set up in one of two ways. Most of the time, the panel would only have one zone, and therefore, only one code. Common one-zone codes were 4-4-0 and 17-0-0 (which is similar to the 120 bpm March Time setting used on later panels, which has in turn been replaced with a interrupted four count uniform temporal code 3 pattern used since 1996). Alternatively, the panel could be made with no code wheels, using only what was called the gong relay. Normally, this would be used in a system with coded pull stations to retransmit the coding strikes from the pulls. However, it could also be used as its own zone, with the connected horns or bells sounding continuously instead of in a particular code. These panels are not common today, but can sometimes be found in older buildings such as those on college campuses or hospitals.2 Conventional Fire Alarm Control PanelsConventional panels have been around ever since electronics became small enough to make them viable. conventional panels are used less frequently in large buildings than in the past, but are not uncommon on smaller projects such as small schools, stores, restaurants, and apartments.A conventional Fire Alarm Control Panel employs one or more circuits, connected to sensors initiating devices wired in parallel. These sensors are devised to dramatically decrease the circuit resistance when the environmental influence on any sensor exceeds a predetermined threshold. In a conventional fire alarm system, the information density is limited to the number of such circuits used.To facilitate location and control of fire within a building, the structure is subdivided into definite areas or zones. Floors of a multistory building are one type of zone boundary.An Initiating Device Circuit connected to multiple devices within the same zone of protection, effectively provides 2 bits of information about the zone corollary to the state of the circuit; normal, or off normal and alarm or quiescent. The state of each Initiating Device Circuit within a zone displays at the Fire Alarm Control Panel using visible indications called annunciatorsThese Annunciators may employ a graphical representation of the Zone boundaries on a floor plan (Zone map) using textual descriptions, illuminated icons, illuminated sections, or illuminated points on the map corresponding to Initiating Circuits connected to the Fire Alarm Control Panel.For this reason, slang often inaccurately refers to initiating circuits of a Fire Alarm Control Panel as Zones.Larger systems and increasing demand for finer diagnostic detail beyond broad area location and control functions expanded the control by Zone strategy of conventional systems by providing multiple initiating circuits within a common Zone, each exclusively connected to a particular type of initiating device, or group of devices. This arrangement forms a device type by Zone matrix whose information is particularly suited to the Tabular Annunciator In multistory buildings employing a Tabular Annunciator for Example; rows of indicators define the floors horizontally in their stacked relationship and the type of device installed on that floor displays as columns of indicators vertically aligned through each floor. The intersection of the floor and device indicators provides the combined information. The density of information however remains a function of the number of circuits employed.Even larger systems and demands for finer diagnostic and location detail led to the introduction of addressable fire alarm systems with each addressable device providing specific information about its state while sharing a common communication circuit. Annunciation and location strategies for the most part remain relatively unchanged.A wiring diagram for a simple fire alarm system consisting of two input loops (one closed, one open)3 Multiplex systemsMultiplex systems, a sort of transition between conventional and modern addressable systems, were often used in large buildings and complexes from the mid to late 1970s into the late 1980s. Early on, these systems were programmed to function as large conventional systems. Gradually, later installations began to feature components and features of modern addressable systems. These systems were often capable of controlling more than a buildings fire alarm system (i.e. HVAC, security, electronic door locks.) without any type of alarm or trouble condition present. While the main panel was the brains of the system and could be used to access certain functions, fire alarm controls were usually accessed through transponders. These were smaller conventional panels programmed to communicate the status of part of the system to the main panel and also could be used to access basic fire alarm control functions. The original Simplex 4100 was meant to be used this way.4 Releasing panelsReleasing panels are capable of using solenoids to disperse fire-fighting chemical agents such as halon or water from piping located throughout a building. A releasing panel usually will have a manual abort switch to abort an accidental release which could damage property or equipment. Releasing capability can be part of both addressable or conventional panels.5 Addressable Fire Alarm Control PanelsAddressable panels are usually more advanced than their conventional counterparts, with greater information capacity and control flexibility. Addressable fire alarm panels were introduced by many manufacturers during the micro-controller boom in the mid 1980s.5.1 Signaling Line CircuitsAddressable Fire Alarm Control Panels employee one or more Signaling Line Circuits, slang - usually referred to as loops or SLC loops - ranging between one and thirty. Depending on the protocol used, a Signaling Line Circuit can monitor and control several hundred devices. Some protocols permit any mix of detectors and input/output modules, while other protocols have 50% of channel capacity restricted to detectors/sensors and 50% restricted to input/output modules. Each SLC polls the devices connected, which can number from a few devices to several hundred, depending on the manufacturer. Large systems may have multiple Signaling Line Circuits.Each device on a SLC has its own address, and so the panel knows the state of each individual device connected to it. Common addressable input (initiating) devices include5.2 MappingAlso known as cause and effect or programming, mapping is the process of activating outputs depending on which inputs have been activated. Traditionally, when an input device is activated, a certain output device (or relay) is activated. As time has progressed, more and more advanced techniques have become available, often with large variations in style between different companies.5.2.1 ZonesZones are usually made by dividing a building, or area into different sections. Then depending on the specific zone, a certain amount and type of device is added to the zone to perform its given job.5.2.2 GroupsGroups contain multiple output devices such as relays. This allows a single input, such as a smoke detector or MCP, to have only one output programmed to a group, which then maps to between two to many outputs or relays. This enables an installer to simplify programming by having many inputs map to the same outputs, and be able to change them all at once, and also allows mapping to more outputs than the programming space for a single detector/input allows.5.2.3 Boolean logicThis is the part of a fire panel that has the largest variation between different panels. It allows a panel to be programmed to implement fairly complex inputs. For instance, a panel could be programmed to notify the fire department only if more than one device has activated. It can also be used for staged evacuation procedures in conjunction with timers.6 NetworkingThe principle of networking involves connecting several panels together to form a system. Inputs on one panel may activate outputs on another, for example, or the network may allow monitoring of many systems. Networking is often used in situations where one panel is not large enough, or in multiple-building situations. These are often done with Networking may be used to allow a number of different panels to be monitored by one graphical monitoring system.7 MonitoringIn nearly every state in the USA, the international building code requires fire alarm and sprinkler systems to be monitored by an approved supervising station.A fire alarm system consists of a computer-based control connected to a central station. The majority of fire alarm systems installed in the USA are monitored by a UL listed or FM Global approved supervising station.These systems will generally have a top level map of the entire site, with various building levels displayed. The user (most likely a security guard) can progress through the different stages. From top level site building plan floor plan zone plan, or however else the buildings security system is organised.A lot of these systems have touch screens, but most users tend to prefer a mouse (and a normal monitor), as it is quite easy for a touch screen to become misaligned and for mistakes to be made. With the advent of the optical mouse, this is now a very viable option.8 System functions8.1 System resetThis resets the panel after an alarm condition. All initiating devices are reset, and the panel is cleared of any alarm conditions. If an initiating device is still in alarm after the system is reset, such as a smoke detector continuing to sense smoke, or a manual pull station still in an activated position, another alarm will be initiated. A system reset is often required to clear supervisory conditions. A system reset does not usually clear trouble conditions. Most trouble conditions will clear automatically when conditions are returned to normal.On UK and most US panels, a Silence or Acknowledge is usually required before a System Reset can be performed.8.2 AcknowledgeThis function, also abbreviated to ACK, is used to acknowledge an abnormal situation such as an alarm, trouble or supervisory. The acknowledge function tells the panel that building personnel or emergency responders are aware of the alarm, trouble, or supervisory condition. Acknowledging the alarm or trouble condition also normally silences the panels own sounder, but does not silence any Notification Appliances.8.3 DrillAlso known as manual evacuation or evacuate. On panels that have this function, the drill function activates the systems notification appliances, often for purposes of conducting a fire drill.Using the drill function, an alarm is normally not transmitted to the fire department or monitoring center. However, building personnel often notify these agencies in advance in case an alarm is inadvertently transmitted.8.4 Walk testWalk test allows the functional testing of the systems devices without the assistance of additional people at the control panel itself. It is also designed to allow initiating devices to be tested without setting off the buildings alarms. Most panels offer the option for a silent walk test (no alarms activate) or an audible walk test (alarms activate for a brief period when a device is initiated). A system trouble is typically generated while the panel is in walk test mode. On European panels, this is usually an engineer-only function and cannot be activated by a user.8.5 Signal silenceAlso known as alarm silence or audible silence. Depending on the configuration of the alarm system, this function will either silence the systems notification appliances completely, or will silence only the audible alarm, with strobe lights continuing to flash. Audible silence allows for easier communication amongst emergency responders while responding to an alarm. This can also be used during construction as a means of a preliminary test, before the final full test.8.6 Lamp testAlso known as flash test. This button is known to have become obsolete, but is still used on many panels. This function is used to check the condition of the LEDs themselves. A Lamp Test button is required by code on multi-zone panels installed in Canada. Many panels do a lamp test when the system is reset.9 AC powerAlso known as Normal. When this indicator is lit, power is being provided to the system from the buildings electrical system, and not from the backup battery. When an AC power condition changes, the Trouble indicator comes on and the AC power indicator goes off and the screen alerts building personnel of a power failure. If the AC power indicator is lit without any other indicators also lit, then the system is in a normal condition. If no LEDs are lit, there is no power source feeding the panel.10 DC powerThis is used to tell the operator that DC power (batteries) are being charged or used. While using DC power, the system remains in a trouble conditio中文译文：火灾报警控制面板火警控制板(FACP)，或者火警控制单元(FACU)，是手动火警系统的控制组分。面板接收来自环境传感器检测与火灾有关的变化的信息，监控其业务的完整性和提供自动控制设备，并根据预定的顺序准备消防设施的信息传输。该面板也可以提供电能操作任何相关的传感器，控制，发射器，或继电器。有四种基本类型的面板：编码板，传统的面板，可寻址面板，和多路复用系统 内 容1 编码的火灾报警控制面板2 个传统的火灾报警控制面板3 个多路传输系统4 释放板5 可寻址火灾报警控制面板 5.1信号线电路 5.2个映射 5.2.1区 5.2.2评估组 5.2.3布尔逻辑6 网络7 监测8 系统功能 8.1系统复位 8.2确认 8.3钻 8.4步行试验 8.5信号沉默 8.6灯试验9 交流电源 10 直流电源 1 编码火灾报警控制面板编码板是最早的中心火灾报警控制器,并且19世纪到20世纪70年代期间都在被制造。一种编码板在许多方面与一个现代常规面板是相似的(下述),除了每个区域被连接到自己的代码轮(如下。警报在区域1鸣响代码1-2-4通过铃声或是羊角建筑,而2区将1-2-5），其中，这取决于如何小组成立，要么做套四轮直到开始拉站被重置（类似于一个编码拉站）或连续运行直到面板本身被重置。大型面板能占去整个墙壁在一间机械屋子，拥有数十项代码轮子。 列出的代码必须保持下去，有时有份贴以上拉站（这种设置是常见于老年翅膀医院）。较小的面板可以建立在一个双向。大部分的时间，小组只会有一个区，因此，只有一个代码。常见的单区代码4-4-0和17-0-0（这是类似于120次行军时间设定在后面板，反过来它又被替换成一个中断四计数统一时间代码3模式自从1996年使用以来。另外，面板可以没有代码的车轮，只使用被称为锣继电器。通常情况下，这将用于与编码拉站重发拉的编码罢工，在一个系统中。然而,它也可以作为其自己的区域与连接角或响起不断的锣声而不是在一个特定的代码。,这些小组是不常见的，但有时可以发现在旧建筑物如在大学校园或医院。2 传统的火灾报警控制面板传统面板已普遍存在自从电子变小到足以使他们可行。常规面板在大型建筑物的使用率比过去少了，但并不少见在较小的项目，如小学校，商店，餐馆，和公寓。传统的火灾报警控制面板采用一个或多个电路，与传感器平行架线连接（并联）。这些传感器被设计来大幅度降低电路电阻当在任何传感器上的环境的影响超过预定的阀值。在传统的火灾自动报警系统，信息密度是被这种电路的使用数目限制的。为了方便的位置和建筑物内的消防控制，结构分为明确的地区或区域。一个多层建筑的地板是一种类型的区域边界。一个启动装置电路连接到多个设备在同一个“区”的保护，有效地提供了2个比特的信息区配套的状态的电路；正常的，或不正常，报警或静止。每个区域内的设备启动电路的状态显示在火灾报警控制面板中称为报警器。这些报警器可能采用图形表示的区域边界的平面图（地图）使用文本描述，照明图标，照明部分，照明图上的发光点对应的启动电路连接到火灾报警控制面板。为此，俚语往往不准确的指示启动电路的火灾报警控制面板为区。较大的系统和广泛的区域位置和控制功能之外的更精细的诊断细节日益增加的需求扩大控制区战略的传统系统通过提供一个共同的区域内多个启动电路，每个专门连接到特定类型的启动设备或设备组。这种安排形成一个设备类型区矩阵的信息是特别适合于表格式报警器，在多层建筑采用表格报警器为例；指标行定义地板水平及其堆积的关系，那地板上安装的设备的类型显示为指标通过每层垂直对齐列。地板的交汇点和设备指标提供联合信息。信息密度不过仍然是受雇的电路数量的函数。对更加美好的诊断和地点细节的大型系统和需求导致了可寻址的手动火警系统的引进与提供关于它的状态的每个可寻址的设备的具体信息，当分享一条共同的通信电路时。报警和定位策略为最的一部分，保持相对不变。3 多路传输系统多路传输系统，一种过渡在传统和现代的寻址系统，往往被用于大型建筑物和配合从20世纪70年代末期到80年代后期。早些时候,这些系统的功能相当于大型传统编程系统。逐渐地，后来开始功能部件和功能的现代寻址系统。这些系统往往能够控制超过建筑物的火灾报警系统（如空调，安全，电子门锁）在没有任何类型的警报或故障条件。虽然主面板是系统的大脑，并可以用来访问某些功能，火灾报警控制通常通过转发器。这些是传统的面板小程序交流的地位，主面板系统的一部分，主面板也可以用来获得基本的火灾报警控制功能。原始的单纯型4100是为了使用这种方式。4 释放面板释放板可包括螺线管分散消防化学剂如卤代烷或来自整个建筑管道的水。释放面板通常会有一个手动停止开关终止意外释放可能损害财产或设备。释放能力可成为可寻址或传统板的一部分。5 可寻址的火灾报警控制板可寻址面板通常比传统面板更先进，具有更大的信息容量和控制方面的灵活性。可寻址的火灾报警面板被很多制造商指出在微控制器繁荣的80年代中期。5.1 信号线电路可寻址火灾报警控制面板采用一个或多个信号线电路，俚语通常称为循环或因子循环-介于一和三十之间。根据所使用的协议，一个信号线电路可以监视和控制数百装置。一些协议允许任何混合探测器和输入/输出模块，而其他协议有50%