不同类型缺氧Different Types of Hypoxia(英文版).doc

Lab Report of Medical Functional Experimentation Date： 2014.5.27 TitleDifferent Types of HypoxiaScoreExperimentersGrade and specialized fieldPreventive Medicine，Group 101. Purpose A. To understand the classification principle of hypoxia by duplication of animal model of different types of hypoxia B. To understand the manifestation character of different types of hypoxia through the observation of the variation of respiratory rhythm and skin and mucosa color of animal with hypoxia.2. Animal and Materials (1)Animal: Adult mice, weighing about 20gram, male or female (2)Apparatus: Ginsberg Scientific Reagent Bottles - Flint - Wide Mouth - Ground Glass Stopper, carbon monoxide generating device, alcohol lamp)、syringe, needles, scissors, tissue forceps. (3)Drugs and reagents: Soda lime, formic acid solution, concentrated sulfuric acid solution, 5% sodium nitrite solution, 1% methylene blue solution.3. Methods and Procedures （1）Hypotonic hypoxia: Take a little sodium lime (about 5 gram) and 1mouse into a wide-necked bottle. Observe and record the general condition, respiratory frequency and depth, as well as skin and mucosa color. Seal the bottle with rubber stopper and begin time recording. Repeat the observation above at every 3minutes interval until the death of the mice. Record any other changes at any time and its final survival duration. Open the abdomen of the mouse corpse in order after other hypoxic experiments are finished. Observe the color of blood and make comparison. （2）Hemic hypoxia 1) Hypoxia of carbon monoxide poisoning: Observe the normal manifestation of the mouse placed in a wide-necked bottle, which is attached to a set of carbon monoxide generation device prepared beforehand. Take 3 ml of formic acid solution into a test tube by calibration pipette, followed by slow addition of 2 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid solution along the inclined tube wall. Seal the tube with rubber stopper and observe the same indexes as above. It should be noticed that overheating the test tube by alcohol burner is dangerous due to possible liquid seething f speeding up generation of carbon monoxide is necessary. (Furthermore, carbon monoxide generated too rapid and too much would cause the mouse die rapidly without evident change of blood color.) 2) Hypoxia of sodium nitrite poisoning: Take 2 mice with same body weight and observe their normal indexes. Give each mouse 0.3 ml of 5% sodium nitrite solution by intraperitoneal injection respectively, immediately followed by intraperitoneal injection of 0.3 ml of 1% methylene blue solution to one mouse, and 0.3 ml of normal saline solution to the other. Observe the same indexes as above and compare the different manifestations and survival time between 2 mice.4. Results and Discussion(1)ResultsMain outcome measuresTypes of hypoxiaGeneral condition respiratory frequency/10 secondsrespiratory depthcolor variation of skin, mucosa survival timeHypoxic hypoxiaNormal Energetic, active 23 timesshallowPink21 minutesHypoxia Slow, struggle, eagle to get out10/2/0Deep Violaceous Hypoxia of carbon monoxide poisoningNormal Energetic, active 23 timesShallowPink25 minutesHypoxia Deep belly breathing, conjunctival hyperemia, nervous, weak, finally chest breathing32/29/24/20Shallow Cerise Hypoxia of sodium nitrite poisoningHypoxiastruggle, eagle to get out, deep belly breathing, scared35/23/13Deep Violaceous10 minutesSurvive by 1% methylene blue solutionEnergetic, active23 timesShallow PinkPicture recording:Picture 1 Normal micePicture 2 Hypoxic hypoxiaPicture 3 Hypoxia of carbon monoxide poisoningPicture 4 Hypoxia of sodium nitrite poisoning(on the right)and the mice Survived by 1% methylene blue solution(on the left)(2) Discussion 1) Hypoxic hypoxia: Breathing movement is normal but the airs oxygen is consuming. Thats why mices respiratory depth becoming deep. Cyanosis is a common symptom of hypoxic hypoxia. 2) Hypoxia of carbon monoxide poisoning: Carbon monoxide has a stronger affinity for the hemoglobin than oxygen. Mice would breath deeper for more oxygen. Hypoxia of carbon monoxide poisoning has the special symptom is that skin and mucosa membranes become cerise. 3) Hypoxia of sodium nitrite poisoning: The two-valent iron in the heme oxidize from sodium nitrite and the heme