全新版大学英语第三册重点词汇.doc

大学英语3 （全新版）重点词汇、词组及句子结构 Unit 1词汇1. boundary n.分界线，边界，界限 同 border, frontier 【例句】 This river forms a boundary between the two cities. 这条河构成了两座城市之间的分界线。【辨析】boundary, border, frontier Boundary 指以河流、山脉分隔的天然边界线，多指在地图上的领土分界线。 Boundaries may be changed by treaties. 边界是可以通过缔结条约加以改变的。 Border 指边境地区The town lies on the border between the US and Mexico. 这座城镇位于美国和墨西哥之间的边境地区。Frontier 指一个国家的边境，即国境。Sweden has frontiers with Norway and Finland. 瑞典同挪威、芬兰相邻。2resist vt. 抵抗，抵制；抗（病） 忍住，拒受 的影响 vi 抵抗，反抗【例句】 He could no longer resist. 他再也无力抵抗了。 In modern society ,to live a peaceful life, you have too many temptation to resist. 在现代社会里，要过平静的生活就要抵制太多的诱惑。【搭配】cannot resist (doing ) sth. 忍不住（做）某事【派生】resistance n. 抵抗力，阻力；抵抗，反抗；电阻 resistant adj. 抵抗的，抗拒的 resistible adj. 抵抗的住的；可抵抗的 resistless adj. 不可抵抗的；不可避免的3suspect vt. 猜想，疑有 n. 嫌疑犯 adj. 可疑的【例句】 I have no reason to suspect his honesty. 我没有理由怀疑他的诚实。. The suspects are kept under the polices observation. 嫌疑犯在警方的监视之下。 His statements are suspect. 他的陈述很可疑。【搭配】suspect sb. of sth. 疑心某人（做过）某事，怀疑某人有罪 suspect sb. to be 疑心某人（做过）某事，猜想/认为某人 suspect that 怀疑, 认为/猜想【派生】suspected adj. 被怀疑的；被怀疑可能存在的 suspect able adj. 可疑的 suspicion n. 怀疑，涉嫌 【辨析】 suspect , doubt suspect “怀疑”，“疑心” 指对某人或某物非常怀疑或不相信。 I suspect that he is not telling the truth. 我怀疑他在说谎。 doubt “怀疑”， 指对某事不能肯定 I doubt that it will rain. 我不相信天会下雨。4invest vt. 投资 投入（时间、精力等） 【例句】 The state has planned to invest two million in the dam. 国家计划投资两百万修建这座大坝 She invested a lot of emotional energy in that business. 她为那桩生意费尽心血。【搭配】 invest in 投资（金钱）（于） , 耗费（时间、力气等）（于） Be invested with 笼罩在, 被授予/赋予 【例句】 He has heavily invested in the stock market. 他将大量的资金投入了股市。 The mayor has been invested with full authority to act. 市长已获全权进行处理。【派生】investor n. 投资者 investment n. 投资5illustrate vt. 举例说明，阐明 给.作插图说明【例句】 Let me use another example to illustrate this difficult point. 我用另一个例子来解释这个难点。 If you illustrate the book, it will be more expensive. 如果你给这本书配上插图，它就更贵了。【搭配】 (be) illustrated with (by) 以. 说明之【例句】 The book was illustrated with color photographs. 这本书配上了彩色照片。【派生】illustration n. 说明，图解 illustrative adj. 说明性质的，作为例证的 illustrator n. 说明者；插图画家6profit n. 利润，盈利，收益 vi. 得利，获益 vt. 有益于，有利于【例句】 There is no profit in running a cinema in this town. 在这座城市设影院是无利可图的 He hoped to profit from his investment. 他希望从投资中获益。 It will profit you nothing to repeat that experiment. 重复做那个实验对你无益。【搭配】 profit by sth. 从（经验、失误）中吸取教益 profit from sth. 得益于某事；得到某事物的帮助【例句】 A wise man profit by his mistakes. 聪明人从自己的错误中获益。 I have profit great from your advice. 你的建议对我很有好处。【派生】 profitable adj. 有利可图的，有益的 profitably adv. 获利地，有益地 profitability n. 有利，有用 profiteer n. 投机商，奸商 profitless adj. 无利可图的；无用的 7. digestn. 文摘；摘要 vi. 消化，理解；融会贯通【例句】 This is a digest of the weeks news. 这是本周的新闻摘要。 Fish is easy to digest when you re ill. 生病时吃鱼容易消化。 The report contains too much to digest at one reading. 报告内容太多，读一次无法全部领会。【派生】 digestion n. 消化 digester n. 消化剂；汇编者，摘要者digestive adj. 有关消化的；助消化的 digestible adj. 可消化的；易消化的 8. improvement n. 改进，改善 【例句】 There is need for improvement in your handwriting. 你的书写需要改进。【搭配】 be an improvement on/upon/over 比 好， 比 有改进 make an improvement 改进 improve on/upon 在原有的基础上改进，改良 【例句】 This edition is an improvement over the previous one. 这一版本比上一版本好。 An old house can be made modern by making an improvement. 通过整修可以使旧房子现代化。 Im unable to improve on his suggestion. 我提不出比他更好的建议。9pursuevt. 从事；继续； 追赶，追踪；追逐 追求【例句】 He pursed his studies with seriousness. 他认真从事研究。 The policemen pursed the bank robber. 警察追捕银行劫匪。 She pursed the goal of perfection in her art.在艺术上她追求达到完美的境界。【搭配】in pursuit (of ) 追捕；追随；追求 In hot pursuit 穷追不舍【例句】 His car race through the street in the pursuit of another car. 他的车在街上飞驰，追赶另一辆车。 The pop star ran from the theatre to her car, with dozens of fans in hot pursuit. 那位歌星从剧场跑向她的轿车，后面紧跟着几十个狂慕者。 【派生】 pursuit n. 追求，寻求；追赶，追逐 pursuer n. 追赶者，追捕者10. supplement n. 增补（物）；补充（物） （报刊等的）增刊，副刊vt 增补，补充【例句】 These reading materials are used as the supplement to Book One. 这些阅读材料是对第一册的补充。 This magazine has a supplement about new cars. 这本杂志有关于新车的副刊。 She supplements her diet with vitamin pills. 她服用维生素丸以补充营养。【搭配】supplement to 的补充（物） supplement sth. by / with 通过 补充【例句】 She has been ill and must have supplements to her ordinary food. 她生病了，除了日常饮食外必须吃些补品。 Kate supplements her regular salary by tutoring in the evenings. 凯特通过晚上做家教补充日常收入。 【派生】 supplementary adj. 增补的，补充的，追加的 supplementation n. 增补，补充，追加词组11get by 过得去，尚可 通过【例句】 Her old pension gives her barely enough to get by. 她的养老金只够她勉强糊口。 He should just about get by in the exam. 他这次考试能勉强通过。12get through 干完，完成 （使）通过（考试），（使）（议案等）获得通过 度过（时间）【例句】 Ill be with you as I get through with this work. 我已完成这项工作就去见你。 Do you think the bill will get through Parliament? 你认为那项议案能获得议会通过吗？ Its going to be hard to get through the next couple of days. 以后的几天日子将很难熬。13aside from 除了，除了 以外（尚有）【例句】 Aside from the Joneses, I dont know anybody in this village. 除了琼斯一家外，这村子里我谁也不认识。【同义】 apart from , except for, in addition to, besides 14. pick up 付（帐） pick sth. up 拿起，检起 pick sb. /sth. up（停下来）把（人或东西）带走（取走）【例句】 After lunch in the restaurant, Uncle Tom picked up the check. 在餐馆吃完午饭，汤姆叔叔掏钱付了账单。 Please pick up all these pieces of paper.请把这些纸都捡起来。 Ill drive over and pick you up on the corner. 六点钟我会开车在拐角处接你。15. cut back (on) 减少，削减 急忙返回【例句】 Many universities are cutting back on staff at the moment. 目前许多学校正在削减员工。 We cut back into the wood and hid there till it was dark. 我们急忙返回树林躲起来直到天黑。【搭配】 cut back (on ) sth. e.g. cut back (on ) production 缩减生产 cut down (on ) sth. 缩减，削减16on balance 总的来说【例句】 On balance, he will gain more than he will lose. 总的来说，他的得到的将比失去的多。【搭配】 in the balance (生命等)在危机状态中，（命运等）未定；悬而未决的 keep / lose ones balance 保持/失去 平衡 off balance 不平衡 【例句】 The outcome of the basketball game was in the balance until the last minute. 那场篮球赛直到最后一分钟尚未决出胜负。 I found it hard to keep my balance on the icy path. 我发现在满是冰面的小路上很难保持身体平衡。He was caught off balance by the sudden wind and nearly fell. 突然一阵风吹得他东倒西歪险些摔倒。句子结构1 when it comes to 涉及；谈及；到达；获知when it comes to sth. / doing sth. 用于引导一个话题或涉及（做）某事【例句】When it comes to tennis, you cant beat her. 说到打网球，你是赢不了她的。2 not all / everyone/ everything 不定代词all, every, each, both, many, much, everybody, everyone, everything 等与not 一起构成部分否定。not 可以置于上述各词之前，也可放在谓语中。【例句】 Not everyone can answer the question. 并非人人都能回答这个问题。 Every student cannot be hardworking. (Not every student can be hardworking). 并不是每个学生都很努力。Unit two重点词汇和词组1. abolish v. 废除（法律，习惯等） 【例句】 There are many bad customs and laws that ought to be abolished.许多不良习俗和法律都该废除。【派生】abolition n. 废除，废止 abolitionist n. 废除论者，尤指废除死刑者【辨析】abolish annul extinguish Abolish 指“消除长期存在的风俗、习惯”等 【例句】 These superstitious practices should be abolished as soon as possible. 这些迷信做法应尽早废除。Annul 指“通过权势取消”、“宣告（法律、契约等）无效。【例句】The judge annulled the contract because one of the signers was too young. 由于签署人中有一位年纪太轻，法官宣告合同无效。Extinguish 指“用牙复兴的武力手段使之毁灭”。【例句】You may extinguish a nation, but not the love of liberty. 你可以消灭一个国家，但不能消灭对自由的热爱。2. confident adj. 有信心的，确信的【例句】 He is confident of victory. 他对胜利充满信心。【辨析】 confident confidentialConfident 意为“有信心的，充满自信的”【例句】Peter is confident of winning the post as the assistant to the managing director.彼得确信他能获得总经理助理的职位。 Confidential意为“机密的，亲信的” 【例句】He works as a confidential secretary. 他是机要秘书。 【常见搭配】 be confident of / about sth.(doing sth.) 【派生】 confidence n. 信心 confidential adj. 秘密的，机密的3. capture v. 俘虏，捕获 引起（注意）并吸引住【例句】 The police are trying their best to capture an escaped convict. 警察全力追捕逃犯。【例句】 Tales of adventure can capture the imagination. 探险故事能引起想象。【派生】 capturer n. 捕获者 ，俘虏者4. disguise v. 假扮，化装；伪装 掩盖，掩饰 n. 用来伪装的东西；伪装，掩饰【例句】 She disguised herself as a man with a false beard. 她戴上假胡须，女扮男装。 He disguised his handwriting by writing with his left hand. 他用左手写字来掩盖自己原来的笔迹。 Nobody saw through his disguise. 没有人识破他的伪装。【常见搭配】a male in female disguise 男扮女装 In the disguise of 伪装成5. exploit n. (pl.) 业绩，功绩，功勋 v. 剥削；利用，开发，开采【例句】 The daring exploits of the parachutists were much admired. 跳伞者大胆的冒险动作令人赞叹不已。 We are trying to exploit the oil under the sea. 我们试图开发海底石油。【派生】 exploitable adj. 可利用的，可开发的 exploitation n. 开发，利用，剥削 exploiter n. 开拓者；开发者6. historic adj. 在历史上重要的，有历史影响的【例句】 It is a historic meeting between the two leaders. 这是两位领导人的具有历史意义的会见。【派生】 historian n. 历史学家 historical adj. 历史的【辨析】historic historicalhistoric adj. 指历史上有重要意义的；也用于形容那些因与历史事件或人物有联系而有名或有趣的事。 【例句】 This is a historic first voyage to outer space. 这是一次具有历史意义的首次太空旅行。 We have visited a historic house. 我们曾参观了一个故居。historical adj. 历史的 指不管重要与否而在过去存在的所有事物；也指与历史或对过去的研究有关的事物。【例句】Chairman Mao is a historical character. 毛泽东是个历史人物。有时可以换用，如：historic times 或 historical times.7. impose v. 强制实行；强加；强迫 征收 （税等）【例句】 Dont impose yourself on people who dont want you. 不要勉强和不需要你的人在一起。 New duties were imposed on wines and spirits. 酒类被加征新税。【搭配】impose on (up on) 强加于；利用；欺骗 Impose oneself on (up on) sb. 硬缠着某人；强迫某人接纳自己【例句】 she would never think of imposing herself. 她绝不想强迫别人接纳自己。8. transport v. 运输，运送 n. 运输，运输系统，运输工具【例句】 Wheat was transported from the farm to mills. 小麦从农场晕倒了面粉厂。 My car is being repaired so Im without transport at the moment. 我的车正在修理，所以现在没有代步的工具了。【派生】transportation n. 运送，运输系统，运输工具【易混】transmit v. 播送，传送 transplant v. 移植 transfer v. 迁移9. starve v. 挨饿 可望获得某事物【例句】 Thousands of people are starving. 成千上万的人民在挨饿。 Children are starving for affection. 孩子们渴望受人疼爱。【搭配】starve for 渴望得到 starve sb. into sth. /doing sth. 是某人挨饿以迫其作某事They tried to starve the army into surrender. 他们试图使守军饥饿而投降。【派生】starvation n. 挨饿，饿死10. be intent on/upon（sth. /doing sth.）热中于，坚决要做【例句】 I was so intent on my work that I didnt notice the time. 我太专心工作了以至于没有留意时间。 He is intent on getting promotion, and no ones going to stop him! 他一心一意想得到晋升，谁也劝阻不了他。11. as for 关于，至于【例句】 As for the hotel，it was very uncomfortable and miles from the sea. 至于旅馆呢，非常不舒服，而且里海边有好几里地。【搭配】as above 如上，同上 as if (though) 好像 似的；仿佛一样 as to 谈到，关于 as well 倒不如；还是 的好； as well as 也；又12. make the best of 充分利用；尽力而为【例句】 They certainly made the best of the good opportunities. 他们当然很好地利用了有利的机会。【搭配】try ones best 竭尽全力 hope for the best 抱乐观的态度 turn out for the best 变好，好转13. in the eyes of 在 心目中【例句】 In the eyes of the teachers, he is a good student. 在老师们的眼中，他是个好学生。In your fathers eyes, you are still a child. 在你父亲的眼中，你还是个孩子。【搭配】keep ones eyes open (for) 时刻提防 open sb.s eyes to 使人认清 have eyes for 对 感兴趣14. pass for 冒充；被称为，被看作【例句】 He passes for a doctor. 他冒充医生。 He passes for a learned man. 他被误认为是个有学问的人【搭配】pass away 去世；死 pass by 漠视； 不理会（= pass over ）走过 pass out 失去知觉；昏过去 pass over 去世；死亡；不注意；漠视；忽略句子结构1. As he was determined to live free someday, he 原因状语丛句2. come to do sth. 开始 ;逐渐Unit 3重点单词和短语：1urban a.城市的；都市的；习惯于都市生活的【例句】 More and more people are moving to urban areas. 越来越多的人正迁向城市。【扩展】 suburb n. 郊区； 郊外； 近郊 rural a. 农村的，乡间的，乡村地区的，具有乡村特色的2chart n.图表【例句】 On three walls are pasted large charts illustrating world poverty. 三面墙上都贴着表明世界贫困状况的大型曲线图。3secure a.安全的，可靠的 【例句】 The little boy felt secure near his parents. 那小男孩在父母身边感到安心。【派生】security4. analyze v.分析；分解【例句】 The new tonic was analyzed and found to contain small amounts of poison. 这种新药经过化验，被发现其中含有少量毒素。【派生】analysis n.分析，分解 analyzable a. 可被分析的；可被分解的 analyst n.分解者；分析者 analytical a.分析的；分解的5. barrier n. 障碍【例句】 Family background should be no barrier to success in life. 家庭背景不应是成功的障碍。【搭配】 language barrier 语言障碍 Set up a barrier between 在。中间设置障碍 Remove the barrier between 拆除。中间的障碍【辨析】 barricade 通常指用树，土堆，砖墙等造的临时的障碍物 barrier 指故意设置的用来阻止或控制物体前进的障碍物，更多的用来指抽象的障碍 block 指在道路或其他通道之中，使其不顺畅的障碍物 obstacle 多指抽象的障碍6transform v.改变；改观；使变形【例句】 She transformed the room by painting it. 她油漆了房间使它为之一新。 They have transformed themselves into permanent city-dwellers. 他们使自己成为永久性的城市居民。【搭配】transform(from)into(把)转变成An area of sandy pasture land can be transformed into a barren landscape in two or three years. 一个多沙的牧场两三年内就可变成不毛之地。【派生】 transformation n. 转变，改变，改善 transformer n.变压器7.wander v.漫步，徘徊，漫游【例句】 The children wandered the streets after school. 孩子们放学后在街上游荡。When she was alone, she would let her mind wander. 她独自一人的时候就胡思乱想。【搭配】 wander about/around/through 漫游（于），徘徊（于） We wandered through the old part of the town, totally lost. 我们在镇上的老区徘徊，完全迷路了。 When he got bored he wandered around the campus. 他觉得烦的时候就在校园里漫步。8.error n.错误；谬误【例句】 His own country had made the same strategic error. 他自己的国家也犯过同样的战略错误。【搭配】 in error 错误地，与by mistake 同义 Another innocent village had been wiped out in error. 又一个无辜地村庄被错误地夷为平地。9puzzle v.使困惑【例句】 That was the most puzzling aspect of the whole affair. 那是整件事件中最令人不解的方面。【搭配】 puzzle ones brains about/over something 为某事大伤脑筋 Puzzle out the meaning of a sentence 推敲出句中的意思【派生】 puzzlement n.困惑，苦思，令人困惑的事 puzzler n. 使人为难的人或物 puzzling a.令人迷惑不解的词组：10on the latch 关着但是没上锁【例句】 Let yourself in ; the door is on the latch. 自己进来吧，门上了闩，但没锁。【扩展】off the latch 虚掩的，半闩的11. put up 建造；构筑 搭起（帐篷），张贴（海报，告示牌等）(让人)留宿，住宿【例句】 We shall have to put up a fence. 我们得筑起一道篱笆。 I put up my tent on the outskirts of Camp Q. 我在Q营地的边上搭起帐篷。 Jasper has put up No Parkingsigns outside his gate, but these have not had any effect. Jasper 把几块“禁止停车“的牌子挂在大门外，但没有任何效果。 We can put up ten people for the night at a pinch. 必要时我们可以留宿十个人。【搭配】Put across 解释；表达Put aside 储存； 保留； 把。放在一边，暂不考虑Put away 放好；收好Put down 记下，写下；放下；估计，认为Put off 推迟，延期；阻止，劝阻Put on 穿，戴，上演； 增加（体重）Put up with 忍受，容忍Put in 花费，付出（时间，经历等）;正式提出，申请Put through 完成或达成（计划，方案等）；接通电话12take off 脱掉（衣服）；（飞机）起飞；【例句】Take off your clothes; theyre very wet. 脱掉你的衣服，衣服湿透了。The plane took off at three oclock. 飞机三点起飞了。【搭配】Take after 相似，学样Take away 拿走；拆去；带走；减去；把。买回家食用Take in 受；领会；吸收；理解，包括，欺骗Take over 接任；接管；接受Take to 喜欢，沉溺于；养成。习惯Take up 开始从事；专注于。着手处理13hook up to 连接到 （中央系统或电源）【例句】Can we hook up to the electricity supply at the campsite？我们能否在宿营地接上电源14hold/keep at bay 不让。接近【例句】He holds illness at bay by jogging every day. 他每天慢跑， 以此防病。重点句型：1It does not occur to us to , 没想过It didnt occur to me that,【例句】It never occurred to me to ask that matter. 我压根就没有想到要问那件事。2 chances are that 极有可能。很可能。【例句】Chances are good that you will win. 极有可能你会赢。 Unit4重点单词和短语：1. pessimistic a.悲观的，厌世的【例句】 The experts are pessimistic about our chances of success in this experiment.专家们对于我们这次试验是否能成功持悲观态度。【搭配】take a pessimistic view of 对持悲观见解 be pessimistic about /at/ over 对持悲观态度【反义】optimistic2deputy n. 副职，副手 代理人，代理【例句】When the headmaster was away, the deputy head did his job. 当校长不在时，副校长代理他的工作。I must find someone to act as a deputy for me during my absence. 我必须找个人在我离开期间代理我的职务。3pension n.退休金，养老金，抚恤金 vt.发给养老金 【例句】Pensions are often paid because of long service, special merit, or injuries received.通常由于多年的服务，特殊的功绩或因公受伤等原因而给当事人发放津贴。They pensioned him off when they found a younger man for the job.他们找了一个较为年轻的人做这项工作，所以就发养老金让他退休了。【搭配】retirement pension 退休金 old-age pension 养老金 unemployment pension 失业救济金4. complicated a.难解的，复杂的【例句】 I found the British legal system extremely complicated. 我发现英国法制体系极为复杂。【辨析】 complicated 指极其难以理解，解决或解释的事物 complicated 具有complex的一切意义，但更强调复杂得难以解释或理解。一道算式题可能非常complex，但未必确实complicated;而一道complicated 算式一般总是complex 的。Complex 指有许多相关部分或成分构成的复杂物体或情况，需要深入研究或专门知识才能解释。5. alike a.& ad.相同的，相似的【例句】 The twins are as alike as two peas in a pod.这对双胞胎长得像一个豆荚里得两颗豆子。 Teachers are required to treat all their students alike.我们要求老师对所有得学生一视同仁。【辨析】dislike vt.不喜欢，讨厌 I dislike selfish people. unlike prep.& a. 不像不同的 Unlike her sister, she is tall and quiet.当unlike 和alike作形容时，常作表语。For twins, they are very unlike.6. isolated v.使。隔离；将。离析或分离出来【例句】The farm is isolated; the nearest house is 30 kilometers away. 这个农场与世隔绝，离它最近的住家也在30公里外。You can isolate genes and study how they work. 你可以把基因分离出来，然后研究他们如何起作用。【搭配】 isolatefrom与。隔离 The mountain village is isolated form all other communities. 这座山村与其他所有的聚居区隔离开来。【派生】 isolation n. 隔绝 孤立 Isolated a. 孤独的，单独的7. adopt v. 收养；采纳； 接受【例句】Having no children of their own, they decided to adopt an orphan. 因为他们没有亲生儿女，他们决定领养一个孤儿。They adopted our method.他们采用了我们的办法。The resolution was adopted by a vote of 180 in favor to 10 against it. 决议案以一百八十票赞成对十票反对获得通过。【辨析】adapt vi.调整 8.supreme a. 至高无上的或居于统治地位的； 最重要的【例句】The most important law court is called the Supreme Court.最重要的法院叫做最高法院。The invention of telephone is one of 19th centurys supreme achievements. 电话的发明十19世纪最伟大的成就之一。词组：9. on account of 因为，由于；为了【例句】 We delayed our departure on account of the bad weather. 因为天气不好，我们将起程地时间推迟了。【辨析】 account for 解释，说明 I cant account for Peters unhappiness.【搭配】On ones own account 为了私利On all accounts 无论如何Take account of (take into account)考虑We must take full account of the potential influence of