内向型性格英语写作.docx

IntervertsContrary to what most people think, an introvert is not simply a person who is shy. In fact, being shy has little to do with being an introvert! Shyness has an element of apprehension, nervousness and anxiety, and while an introvert may also be shy, introversion itself is not shyness. Basically,基本上 an introvert is a person who is energized by being alone and whose energy is drained 筋疲力竭的by being around other people.Introverts are more concerned with the inner world of the mind. They enjoy thinking, exploring their thoughts and feelings. They often avoid social situations because being around people drains their energy. This is true even if they have good social skills. After being with people for any length of time, such as at a party, they need time alone to recharge.When introverts want to be alone, it is not, by itself, a sign of depression抑郁. It means that they either need to regain their energy from being around people or that they simply want the time to be with their own thoughts. Being with people, even people they like and are comfortable with, can prevent them from their desire to be quietly introspective内省.Being introspective, though, does not mean that an introvert never has conversations. However, those conversations are generally about ideas and concepts, not about what they consider the trivial 琐碎的matters of social small talk.Introverts make up about 60% of thegifted populationbut only about 25-40% of the general population.Apprehension 忧虑Today we make room for a remarkably narrow range of personality styles.Were told that to be great is to be bold, to be happy is to be sociable.We see ourselves as a nation of extrovertswhich means that weve lost sight of who we really are. One-third to one-half of Americans are introvertsin theother words, one out of every two or three people you know. If youre not an introvert yourself, you are surely raising, managing, married to, or coupled with one.如今，我们接受的性格类型极其有限。我们被告知，要出众就得有胆识，要快乐就得擅交际。我们自认是个由性格外向者组成的国家这意味着我们忽视了真实的自我。三分之一到一半的美国人性格内向换言之，你认识的每两到三个人中就有一个内向者。如果你本人不内向，那你的子女、同事、配偶或伴侣中肯定有一个是内向的。If these statistics surprise you, thats probably because so many people pretend to be extroverts.Closet introverts pass undetected on playgrounds, in high school locker rooms, and in the corridors of corporate America.Some fool even themselves, until some life eventa layoff, an empty nest, an inheritance that frees them to spend time as they likejolts them into taking stock of their true natures. You have only to raise this subject with your friends and acquaintances to find that the most unlikely people consider themselves introverts.如果这些数据让你惊讶，或许是因为太多的人假装外向。在操场上、中学衣物间里以及美国公司的走廊上，隐蔽的内向者不被人所察觉。有些人甚至欺骗了自己，直到某些生活事件失业、厮守“空巢”、继承一笔能够让他们随意支配时间的遗产让他们惊醒，开始审视自己真实的一面。只要与朋友和熟人讨论这个主题，你就会发现最不可能是内向的人认为自己是内向者。It makes sense that so many introverts hide even from themsevles. We live with a value system that I call the Extrovert Ideal the omnipresent belief tht the ideal self is gregarious, alpha, and comfortable in the spotlight. The archetypal extrovert prefers action to contemplation, risk-taking to heed-taking, certainty to doubt. He favors quick decisions, even at the risk of being wrong. She works well in teams and socializes in groups.We like to think that we value individuality, but all too often we admire one type of individual the kind whos comfortable putting himself out there. Sure,we allow technologically gifted loners who launch companies in garages to have any personality they please, but they are the exceptions, not the rule, and our tolerance extends mainly to those wo get fabulously wealthy or hold the promise of doing so.如此多的内向者甚至对自己隐藏真实的性格是有原因的。我们生活在一个我称之为“外向理想型性格”的价值体系中，即人们普遍认为，理想的性格特点是善于交际，有领袖气质，在众人瞩目的场合收放自如。典型的外向者喜欢行动，而不愿思考，喜欢冒险，而不愿小心谨慎，喜欢肯定，而不愿质疑。他们希望在短时间内作出决定，哪怕冒犯错的风险。他们在团队中善于合作和交际。我们往往认为我们尊重个性，但我们常常只欣赏一种类型的人能够轻松自如地“表现自我”的人。诚然，我们允许在车库中创办公司的不合群的技术天才拥有他们喜欢的任何性格，但他们只是特例，而不是普遍现象，在大多数情况下，我们只对富甲一方或有可能腰缠万贯的人表现出容忍。Introversionalong with its cousions sensitivity, seriousness, and shynessis now a second-class personality trait, somewhere between a disappointment and a pathology.Introverts living under the Extrovert Idal are like women in a a mans world,discounted because of a trait that goes to the core of who they are. Extorversion is an enormously appealing personality style, but weve turned it into an oppressive standard to which most of us feel we must conform.内向及其同义词敏感、严肃和害羞现在已成为二等性格，介于令人扫兴的特点与病态之间。在“外向理想型性格”价值体系下生活的内向者与生活在男性世界中的女性一样，他们因为性格中的一种核心特点而受到低估。外向是一种非常吸引人的性格类型，但我们已把它变成一种严苛的标准，我们中的大多数人都认为必须遵守这个标准。The Extrovert Idal has been documented in many studies, though this research has never been grouped under a single name.Talkative people, for example, are rated as smarteer, better-looking, more interesting, and more desirable as friends. Velocity of speech counts as well as volume: we rank fast talkers as more competent and likable than slow ones. Even the word introvet is stigmatizedone informal study,by psychologist Laurie Helgoe, found that introverts described their own physical appearance in vivid language, but when asked to describe generic introverts they drew a bland and distasteful picture.“外向理想型性格”在许多研究文献中都有论述，但这方面的研究从未被归在统一的名称之下。例如，健谈的人被认为更聪明，外表更出众，更风趣，而且更适合做朋友。说话的语速和音量同样重要：我们认为语速快的人比语速慢的人能力更强，更具亲和力。就连内向这个词也被赋予了贬义心理学家劳力海尔戈开展的一项非正式研究显示，内向者可以用生动的语言描述自己的外表，但在被要求概括对内向者整体的看法时，他们却做出了平淡无味、令人反感的描述。But we make a grave mistake to embrace the Extrovert Idal so unthinkingly. Some of our greatest ideas, art, and inventionsfrom the theor