辽宁省鞍山市高考英语 书面表达、阅读理解训练题（5）.doc

辽宁鞍山市2014高考英语书面表达、阅读理解训练题（5） 附答案 (重庆卷)某国际动物关爱协会面向全球中学生招募“动物代言人”，希望申请者选择一种自己喜欢的动物，为之代言(speak for)假设你是重庆新华中学的学生李华，有意参与该活动。现请你用英文在线填写申请(仅需填写“申请陈述”部分)，内容如下：表示有意参加说明自己富有爱心、关爱动物打算为何种动物代言，并说明理由希望申请成功application form (申请表)name (姓名)li huasex (性别)f/mage(年龄)18email add. (电子邮件地址)lihua i am a student from xinhua middle school in chongqing， china. _statement ofapplication(申请陈述)_注意：(1)请在答题卡规定区域内作答；(2)词数100左右；(3)“申请陈述”的第一句已经给出，不计入总词数。_参考范文i_am_a_student_from_xinhua_middle_school_in_chongqing,_china._i would like to be spokesman for animals to try my best to protect them.i like animals very much and i have a loving heart for animals, especially polar bears. so i want to speak for polar bears. nowadays, the balance of nature is being destroyed and the weather is getting warmer and warmer. whats worse, some people kill polar bears for their own sake. as a consequence, the number of polar bears is becoming smaller and smaller. so, in order to increase peoples awareness of protecting polar bears, i apply for the spokesman for polar bears sincerely.i do hope i can be chosen as a spokesman for polar bears.*结束（2011年深圳市高三年级第一次调研考试） several hundred strangers received love letters from a young man on the street. the letter was written and given out by yang yang，a student majoring in human resources at chongqing university of science and technology，who hoped to show his disappointment with job hunting. yangs story has caught media attention perhaps because it is similar to those of millions of recent graduates seeking jobs and struggling for survival in the countrys wealthiest cities. they have diplomas，rather than professional skills，and come to big cities in hopes of better lives. only to find low-paying jobs and poor living conditions. they are chinas ant tribe(蚁族) ，a term coined by sociologist lian si from peking university in his 2009 book, ant tribe theyre so similar to ants. they share small and narrow living areas. theyre intelligent and hard-working，yet nameless and underpaid. the term also speaks to their helplessness in a world governed by the law of the jungleonly the strongest survive. a survey in lians another book published this year, ant tribe，found nearly 30 percent of ants are graduates of famous universitiesalmost three times last years percentage. most had degrees in popular majors. in addition，7.2 percent of ants have at least a masters degree compared to 1.6 percent in 2009. an antsaverage monthly salary is l，904 yuan，with about 64 percent of them earning less than 2，000 yuan a month. another survey in the 2010 annual report on the development of chinese talent found more than 1 million ants live in big cities. most ants are from rural families or small towns，and their experiences in universities didnt arm them well enough to fight with competitors in big citiesemployment markets. professor zhang ming at renmin university of china said. the ant tribes embarrassing living situations have become a serious social problem，and the government should develop smaller cities to attract more graduates from big cities，zhang believed. however，ants expect more study and training opportunities in big cities，which keeps them positive despite their situations.(1)yangs story is introduced in order to_.a. analyze graduates difficulties in finding jobsb. lead to the topic of the articleant tribec. tell readers a story about those big citiesd. show a clever way of dealing with pressure(2)theantsfail to find high-paying jobs mainly because_.a. they have no diplomas from good universitiesb. their majors do not meet the needs of societyc. those from rural areas are not treated equallyd. they do not have necessary professional skills(3)ant tribe members are similar to ants in the following aspects except that_.a. they live in narrow and small places in groupsb. they work hard but earn little for survivalc. they are in a world judged by the jungle lawd. they are pleased with being nameless and underpaid(4).professor zhang thought ants problems could be solved by_.a. creating more jobs for graduates in big citiesb. developing smaller cities to attract graduatesc. sending graduates to rural areas and small townsd. training graduates to improve their ability(5)by writing this article，the author mainly intends to show _.a. despite better education. ants are still strugglingb. despite difficulties，ants have a promising futurec. better education，better job opportunitiesd. ant tribe is a good book to help understand todays china【解析】 大学生就业艰难是无可争辩的事实，他们被称为“蚁族“，在大都市中默默地奋斗着，挣扎着，憧憬着 (1)b 文章结构题。文章用这个年轻人的故事反映出了就业的艰难，从而为下文导入“蚁族”这个中心话题作铺垫。(2)d 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的内容可知他们拥有文凭，但是没有职业技能，因而难以找到高报酬的工作。(3)d 细节理解题。第三段中提到他们像蚂蚁一样住在狭窄的地方，聪明而勤奋，然而却不被人知而且薪水很低，但并不是说他们喜欢不被人知和低工资，故d项内容错误。(4)b 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的内容可知张教授认为解决问题的方法是发展比较小的城市来吸引毕业生。(5)a写作意图题。作者写作本文意在告诉我们虽然“蚁族”中有相当一部分人拥有高学历，但是他们仍然在为生存苦苦挣扎。*结束（2010湖北卷e篇）have you winterized your horse yet? even though global warming may have made our climate more mild, many animals are still hibernating(冬眠) . its too bad that humans cant hibernate. in fact, as a species, we almost did.apparently, at times in the past, peasants in france liked a semi-state of human hibernation . so writes graham robb, a british scholar who has studied the sleeping habits of the french peasants. as soon as the weather turned cold people all over france shut themselves away and practiced the forgotten art of doing nothing at all for months on end. in line with this, jeff warren, a producer at cbc radios the current, tells us that the way we sleep has changed fundamentally since the invention of artificial(人造的) lighting and the electric bulb.when historians began studying texts of the middle ages, they noticed something referred to as “first sleep”, which was not clarified, though. now scientists are telling us our ancestors most likely slept in separate periods. the business of eight hours uninterrupted sleep is a modern invention.in the past , without the artificial light of the city to bathe in, humans went to sleep when it became dark and then woke themselves around midnight. the late night period was known as “the watch”. it was when people actually kept watch against wild animals, although many of them simply moved around or visited family and neighbours .according to some sleep researchers, a short period of insomnia(失眠) at midnight is not a disorder. it is normal. humans can experience another state of consciousness around their sleeping, which occurs in the brief period before we fall asleep or wake ourselves in the morning. this period can be an extraordinarily creative time for some people. the impressive inventor, thomas edison, used this state to hit upon many of his new ideas.playing with your sleep rhythms can be adventurous, as anxiety may set in. medical science doesnt help much in this case. it offers us medicines for a full nights continuous sleep, which sounds natural ; however, according to warrens theory，it is really the opposite of what we need.67. the example of the french peasants shows the fact that_. a. people might become lazy as a result of too much sleep b. there were signs of hibernation in human sleeping habits c.people tended to sleep more peacefully in cold weather d. winter was a season for people to sleep for months on end68. the late night was called “the watch” because it was a time for people_. a. to set traps to catch animals b. to wake up their family and neighbours c. to remind others of the time d. to guard against possible dangers69. what does the author advise people to do ? a. sleep in the way animals do. b. consult a doctor if they cant sleep. c. follow their natural sleep rhythm. d. keep to the eight-hour sleep pattern.70.what is the authors purpose in writing the passage?a. to give a prescription for insomnia. b. to urge people to sleep less.c. to analyze the sleep pattern of modern people. d. to throw new light on human sleep.3、【文章大意】本文介绍了一些睡眠专家的研究成果这对人们如何对待睡眠习惯有所启示。属于科普类说明文。67【解析】选b。细节推断题。根据第二段讲述的内容，联系第一段最后一句分析推定b项符合题意。c项为干扰项，但原文未做比较而且也不符合中心。68. 【解析】选d。细节推断题。由第五段中最后一句it was when people actually kept watch against wild animals ,although many of them simply .直接推断出正确答案为d。69. 【解析】选c。细节推断题。综合分析最后一段内容可知作者建议人们遵循自然睡眠规律，因此，c项符合题意。70. 【解析】选d。主旨意图题。根据各段的main idea综合分析即可得出结论。para.1 lead in the topichuman sleep. para.2 an example for human hibernating. para.3-5 different types of human sleep.para.6 as for insomnia and another state of consciousness para.7 advice on human sleep. 此题也可用排除法排除a、b、c均为片面性。*结束copenhagenthe world is gathered in copenhagen for the u.n. climate summit, but denmarks bicycle-friendly capital has also given its name to a movement of cities trying to find a kinder way to commute（往返上下班）.nearly 40 percent of copenhagens population cycle to work or school on ubiquitous（无处不在的） paved cycle paths. many residents take to their bikes year-round, braving rain and snow through the winter in a city where the bicycles outnumber the people.amsterdam and beijing too are known for their bicycles, but the danish capital is where urban planners from around the world have been looking for ways to get their people out of cars and up onto bikes, an effort known as copenhagenisation.klaus bondam, copenhagens technical and environmental chief, calls himself a “mega cyclist” and says the bikes popularity stems partly from high taxes on cars which meant working-class danes could not afford to drive in the 1930s and 40s. “today youll meet everybody on the bicycle lanes - women and men, rich and poor, old and young,” bondam said.the local government has during the last three years invested more than 250 million crowns ($49.42 million) in bicycle lanes and to make the traffic safer for bicyclists. today around a third of the population drive cars to work or study, another third take public transport, while 37 percent cycle - a figure the city aims to boost to 50 percent by 2015.there are many benefits when citizens choose bicycles over cars: pollution and noise decline, public health improves, and more people on bikes or walking creates a sense of safety in the city. fewer parked cars leaves more space for playgrounds, parks, shopping areas and other useful public places.14according to the first paragraph, copenhagen is better known as _. aa city without cars ba bicycle-friendly citycdenmarks capital dthe u.n. climate summit15we can learn from the second and the third paragraph, _.athere is no path for cars during rainy and snowy daysbcitizens are limited to have only one bike for each personctwo-thirds of people in copenhagen cycle to work or schooldcity planners try their best to encourage more citizens to ride bikes16bikes are popular in copenhagen partly because _. athe citizens are unable to afford to buy a carbthe rich tend to keep fit by cycling to work cyoung people regard cycling a fashion to follow dhigh taxes were paid for cars in the 1930s and 40s17which of the following is not the benefit of cycling?asaving time on the road. bdeclining pollution and noise.cimproving public health. dcreating safety in the city.14-17 bdda*结束 that little “a” with a circle curling around it that is found in e mail addresses is most commonly referred to as the “at” symbol.surprisingly though, there is no official, universal name for this sign. there are dozens of strange terms to describe the symbol.before it became the standard symbol for electronic mail, the symbol was used to represent the cost of something or how heavy something is. for instance, if you purchased 6 apples, you might write it as 6 apples $1.10 each.with the introduction of e-mail came the popularity of the symbol. the symbol or the at sign separates a persons online user name from his mail server(服务器) address. for instance, . its widespread use on the internet made it necessary to put this symbol on keyboards in other countries that have never seen or used the symbol before. as a result, there is really no official name for this symbol.the actual origin of the symbol remains a mystery. history tells us that the symbol came from the tired hands of the middle ages. during the middle ages