（3年高考2年模拟）高三英语二轮突破 阅读理解特训11（含解析）.doc

阅读理解特训：3真2模含解析2014届高三英语二轮突破11c62013重庆卷 calmost every machine with moving parts has wheels, yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for.we do know，however，that they existed over 5，500 years ago in ancient asia.the oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in slovenia.it is over 5，100 years old.evidence suggests that wheels for transport didnt become popular for a while, though.this could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around.but it could also be because of a difficult situation.while wheels need to roll on smooth surfaces, roads with smooth surfaces werent going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them.eventually，road surfaces did become smoother, but this difficult situation appeared again a few centuries later.there had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modern road design.in the mid1700s，a frenchman came up with a new design of roada base layer (层)of large stones covered with a thin layer of smaller stones.a scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong，lasting road surface became a reality.at around the same time，metal hubs(the central part of a wheel) came into being，followed by the pneumatic tyre(充气轮胎) in 1846. alloy wheels were invented in 1967, sixty years after the appearance of tarmacked roads(柏油路)as wheel design took off, vehicles got faster and faster.64what might explain why transport wheels didnt become popular for some time?afew knew how to use transport wheels.bhumans carried farming tools just as well.canimals were a good means of transport.dthe existence of transport wheels was not known.65what do we know about road design from the passage?ait was easier than wheel design.bit improved after big changes in vehicle design.cit was promoted by fastmoving vehicles.dit provided conditions for wheel design to develop.66how is the last paragraph mainly developed?aby giving examples.bby making comparisons.cby following time order.dby making classifications.67what is the passage mainly about?athe beginning of road design.bthe development of transport wheels.cthe history of public transport.dthe invention of fastmoving vehicles.【要点综述】 本文介绍轮子的演进历史。64c细节理解题。第二段最后一句说明wheels长期未能流行的缘由：动物长期以来充当交通工具。65d推理判断题。短文最后一段说明路况的改良促进了车轮业的巨大发展。66c篇章结构题。该段看似举例，但这些例子均是按时间由远及近而叙述的。67b主旨大意题。该文主要介绍wheels由一般的发明物到广泛运用于交通的历史演进过程。c62013重庆卷 dnot all bodies of water are so evidently alive as the atlantic ocean, an sshaped body of water covering 33 million square miles.the atlantic has, in a sense, replaced the mediterranean as the inland sea of western civilization.unlike real inland seas, which seem strangely still, the atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness.it is perhaps not surprising that its vitality has been much written about by ancient poets.“storm at sea”， a short poem written around 700, is generally regarded as one of mankinds earliest artistic representations of the atlantic.when the wind is from the westall the waves that cannot rest to the east must thunder on where the bright tree of the sunis rooted in the oceans breast.as the poem suggests, the atlantic is never dead and dull.it is an ocean that moves, impressively and endlessly.it makes all kinds of noiseit is forever thundering，boiling, crashing，and whistling.it is easy to imagine the atlantic trying to draw breathperhaps not so noticeably out in midocean，but where it meets land, its waters bathing up and down a sandy beach.it mimics(模仿)nearly perfectly the steady breathing of a living creature.it is filled with symbiotic existences，too; unimaginable quantities of creatures，little and large alike，mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony, giving to the waters a feeling of heartbeat, a kind of subocean vitality.and it has a psychology.it has personalities: sometimes peaceful and pleasant, on rare occasions rough and wild; always it is strong and striking.68unlike real inland seas, the atlantic ocean is _aalways energeticblacking in livelinesscshaped like a squaredfavored by ancient poets69what is the purpose of using the poem “storm at sea” in the passage?ato describe the movement of the waves.bto show the strength of the storm.cto represent the power of the ocean.dto prove the vastness of the sea.70what does the underlined word “symbiotic” mean?aliving together.bgrowing fast.cmoving harmoniously.dbreathing peacefully.71in the last paragraph, the atlantic is compared to _aa beautiful and poetic placeba flesh and blood personca wonderful worldda lovely animal【要点综述】 该文既是对地理知识的陈列，也是对文学作品的铺陈。大西洋的壮美和静态的内海迥然不同，大西洋好比是一个富有生命力且有血有肉的人。68a 细节理解和逻辑推理题。inland seas比较平静，而大西洋充满生命律动的浩瀚与同为西方文化摇篮的地中海形成鲜明的对比。69c写作方法题。该诗句描写大西洋的壮美：当西风信然而至时，大西洋的波浪开始涌动，以雷霆万钧之势，凸显大西洋的磅礴气势。70a词义推断题。作者先把大西洋比作生命的律动，然后又把她的其他禀赋铺陈于后，因此该词此处应该指“共生共存”。71b写作方法题。该文通过诗词和拟人化的描写把大西洋比作有血有肉的人。c72013重庆卷 eit is widely known that any english conversation begins with the weather.such a fixation with the weather finds expression in dr.johnsons famous comment that “when two english meet, their first talk is of weather.” though johnsons observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago, most commentators fail to come up with a convincing explanation for this english weatherspeak.bill bryson, for example, concludes that，as the english weather is not at all exciting，the obsession with it can hardly be understood.he argues that “to an outsider，the most striking thing about the english weather is that there is not very much of it.” simply, the reason is that the unusual and unpredictable weather is almost unknown in the british isles.jeremy paxman, however, disagrees with bryson, arguing that the english weather is by nature attractive.bryson is wrong, he says，because the english preference for the weather has nothing to do with the natural phenomena. “the interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.” according to him, the weather in england is very changeable and uncertain and it attracts the english as well as the outsider.bryson and paxman stand for common misconceptions about the weatherspeak among the english.both commentators, somehow, are missing the point.the english weather conversation is not really about the weather at all.english weatherspeak is a system of signs，which is developed to help the speakers overcome the natural reserve and actually talk to each other.everyone knows conversations starting with weatherspeak are not requests for weather data.rather, they are routine greetings，conversation starters or the blank “fillers”. in other words, english weatherspeak is a means of social bonding.72the author mentions dr.johnsons comment to show that _amost commentators agree with dr.johnsonbdr.johnson is famous for his weather observationcthe comment was accurate two hundred years agodenglish conversations usually start with the weather73what does the underlined word “obsession” most probably refer to?aa social trend.ban emotional state.ca historical concept.dan unknown phenomenon.74according to the passage，jeremy paxman believes that _abill bryson has little knowledge of the weatherbthere is nothing special about the english weathercthe english weather attracts people to the british islesdenglish people talk about the weather for its uncertainty75what is the authors main purpose of writing the passage?ato explain what english weatherspeak is about.bto analyse misconceptions about the english weather.cto find fault with both bill bryson and jeremy paxman.dto convince people that the english weather is changeable.【要点综述】 本文通过对bill bryson和jeremy paxman两人迥然不同的观点的陈述来阐明作者对英国人以天气为寒暄内容的见解。72d逻辑推断题。通过引用名人名言来说明英国人以天气为寒暄内容的现象很普遍。73b 词义推断题。bill bryson认为英国天气单一(there is not very much of it)不足以引起人们的情感响应，因此该词此处指的是 “情感状态”。74d细节理解题。倒数第二段中有“the interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.”(意思是：人们对英国气候的关注点不是气候本身，而是气候的不确定性。)由此可知答案。75a写作目的题。通过对bill bryson和jeremy paxman两人迥然不同的观点的陈述来阐明作者对英国人以天气为寒暄内容的见解。c72013安徽卷 a the healthy habits survey(调查)shows that only about one third of american seniors have correct habits. here are some findings and expert advice.1.how many times did you brush your teeth yesterday?finding：a full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.step：remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a batteryoperated toothbrush. brush gently for 2 minutes, at least twice a day.2how many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday?finding：seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week. and nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a dayhalf of the number doctors recommend.step：we touch our faces around 3，000 times a dayoften inviting germs(病菌)to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes.use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. and, most important, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.3how often do you think about fighting germs?finding：seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.step：be aware of germs. do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge(海绵)that can carry more germs than anything else? to kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.56.what is found out about american seniors?amost of them have good habits.bnearly 30% of them bathe three days a week.call of them are fighting germs better than expected.dabo