英语必修3 unit5 导学案.doc

.重点词汇（旨在提供词汇综合运用材料） 1. chat vi.&n. 聊天；闲聊典例 1). What were you chatting to him about? 你和他聊了些什麽?2). I had a long chat with her (about her job).（关於她的工作）我和她聊了很久。重点用法chat to/with sb (about sth) = have a chat with sb (about sth) 与某人聊天、闲谈 2. surround vt.&vi. 包围；围绕 surrounding adj. 周围的 surroundings (常用pl.)环境典例 1). Trees surround the pond. 树木围绕着池塘。2). The house was surrounded by high walls. 房子的四周有高墙。重点用法surround.with. 用包围 be surrounded by/with. 周围都是 3. measure vi.&vt. 测量；衡量；判定 n.c,u 尺寸；量具；计量单位；措施典例1). Can you measure accurately with this ruler? 用这把尺子能量得准吗?2). It s hard to measure his ability when we haven t seen his work. 没有见过他的作品, 很难估计他的能力。重点用法measure A by B 用B衡量A sth. measures 2 metres by 4 metres 某物长4米宽2米measure sb. for a suit = make a suit to sb s measure 给某人量身做一套衣服 4. mix vt.&vi. 混合；调配 mixture n.u,c 混合（物）；混合状态典例 1). The chemist mixed (up) some medicine for me. 药剂师给我配了些药。2). Oil and water don t mix. 油和水不能混合。3). Oil won t mix with water. 油不能和水混合。词语归纳 mix的短语：mix A and/with B 把甲与乙拌和起来mix sth. up 把某物拌和；混淆某物mix sth. in/into把某物掺进去be/get mixed up with sth./sb. 与某事有关；与某人混在一起 5. nearby adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近 典例1). Her mother lived in a nearby town. 他的妈妈住在一个附近的城镇。2). Her mother lived nearby. 他的妈妈住在附近。重点用法nearby作形容词时，既可放在被修饰词之后也可放在被修饰词之前。如：There were complaints from nearby residents / residents nearby. 6. terrify vt.使恐怖；恐吓 terrified adj.恐惧的；受惊吓的 terrifying adj.（令人）可怕的典例1). He terrified his children with ghost stories. 他讲鬼故事吓坏了他的孩子。2). Her husband s violence terrified her. 她丈夫的暴力使她感到恐惧。重点用法be terrified at/by sth. 被某事（物）恐吓be terrified of sth. = be afraid of 害怕某事（物） 7. impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记 impression n.c印象；感想 impressive adj.给人印象深刻的典例1). The sights of the city never fail to impress foreign tourists. 外国游客无一不对该市留有深刻印象。2). We were most impressed with/by your efficiency. 你的工作效率很高，我们极为钦佩。重点用法impress sth. on/upon sb. = impress sb. with/by sth. 使某人铭记某事物 make/give/crate an impression on/upon. 给一个印象have/get the impression that 有的印象 .重点词组（旨在提供词汇综合运用材料）1. rather than. 是而不是；与其不如；不愿典例1). He ran rather than walked. 他是跑的而不是走的。2).Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price与其让蔬菜烂掉，他半价把它们卖掉。重点用法do A rather than do B = rather than do B, sb. does A 某人不做B却做A A rather than B 是A而不是B would rather do A than do B = would do A rather than do B 宁可做A而不做Bprefer to do A rather than do B 最喜欢做A而不做Bwould rather sb. did/had done sth. 宁愿某人做某事注意：rather than表示客观事实，它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to 的不定式。 2. settle down 舒适地坐下或躺下；（使）安静、安顿、安心；习惯於新的生活方式/工作等典例1). She settled down in an armchair to read her book. 她舒适地坐在单座沙发上看书。2). When are you going to marry and settle down? 你什麽时候结婚过上安定生活?短语归纳 与settle相关的短语：settle down to 使某人安下心来做 settle (down) in . 在定居下来settle a dispute/an argument/an issue 解决一争端/争论/问题 3. catch sight of 看见；瞥见 典例 He was happy to catch sight of an eagle flying in the sky. 见到一只鹰在天上飞，他很高兴。短语归纳 sight短语：lose sight of 看不见；不再看见 keep sight of 使能看得到；保持看得到的距离 at (the) sight of 一看到（就）in/within sight 可以看见；在视线内out of sight 看不见；在视线外have good/poor sight/eyesight 视力好/差 4. have a gift for. 对有天赋典例 1). He has a gift for music. 他有音乐天才。2). You have the gift/talent to learn foreign languages. 你有学外语的天赋。重点用法have a gift for (doing) sth.= have the gift to do sth.对有天赋；有做某事的才能a man of excellent gifts一个非常有才华的人 a gifted/telented person 一个有天赋的、有才华的人 5. in the distance 在远处；在远方典例 1). We can see the mountain in the distance. 我们从远处就可以看到那座山。2). Night fell. The hills in the distance turned dark blue. 夜色渐近，远山变成了深蓝色。短语归纳 distance短语：at a distance隔一段距离；距离稍远一些from a distance从远方keep a distance别靠近keep sb. at a distance对某人保持疏远 6. as far as 远到，直到；至于典例 1). I ll walk with you as far as the post office. 我陪你走到邮局。2). I ve read as far as the third chapter. 我已读到第三章了。短语归纳 far短语：as/so far as sb. knows 就某人所知 as far as sb. can see/tell/ remember 就某人看来/所说/所记得as/so far as sb/sth is concerned 就某人/事物而言far from sth 毫不；一点也不； 远非So far, so good. (谚) 到目前为止，一切都很顺利。 .重点句子（旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）1. It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres. 那里空气湿润，因而树木长得相当高，有的超过90米。解释1. so.that 如此以致于，后跟结果状语从目，常用too to或enough to来变为简单句，如：She was so angry that she couldn t say a word. = She was too angry to say a word. 她太气愤以致于说不出话来。辨析：so.that与such.that：so.that与such.that意思一致，that均引导结果状从句，但是so为副词，such为形容词，所以二者所接词不一样的。 so +adj. / adv. + that从句或so +adj. + a(n) + 单名+ that从句She is so good a teacher that we all love her. 她是一位如此好老师以致于我们都爱她。 such + adj. + 复名 + that从句或such + a(n) + 单名+ that从句She is such a good teacher that we all love her. 她是一位如此好老师以致于我们都爱她。They are such naughty boys that they often make mistakes. 他们是如此淘气以致于经常犯错误。提示：在so十muchmanylittlefew + n. +that从句结构中，little当“少”讲，接在so之后，但当little当“小”讲时，应接在such之后。如：They are such little children that they can t look after themselves.他们是那么小的孩子还不能自理。Our team played so well that we won the game. = Our team played well enough to win the game.我们的球队踢得真好，结果赢得了比赛。 解释2. some measuring over 90 metres 是独立主格结构：独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分构成，在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子，相当于状语从句，可表示时间、原因、条件、行为、方式或伴随情况。其构成：名词(代词) + 现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语，如：(1) 作时间状语 The meeting over, they left the hall.(2) 作原因状语 My watch having been lost, I didnt know what time it was.(3) 作条件状语 Time permitting, I shall go to the cinema with you.(4) 描述伴随行为或补充说明 Mary entered the room, his hands in his pockets.练习 根据句子意思完成句子或翻译。1). She is _ lovely a girl _ all pf us like very much.2). They are _ little worms _we can t see them with our eyes.3). The test _ (finish), we began our holiday.4). Weather _ (permit), we are going to visit you tomorrow.5). He came into the room, his ears _ _ _ (冻得发紫).6). He came out of the library, a book _ _ _ (夹在胳膊下).答案：1). so; that 2). such; that 3). finished 4). permitting 5). his ears red with cold 6). under his arm.2. There is more fresh water in Canada than in any other country in the world. 加拿大的淡水量比世界上其他任何一个国家都多。解释 (1) 用比较级表示最高级，同一范围内比较时，常用“主语+动词+比较级+than any other+单名”或“主语+动词+比较级+than any of the other+复名”。(2) 不同范围内比较，常用“主语+动词+比较+than any+单名”。练习 句子翻译。1). 他是班里最高的。_2). 中国比非洲任何一个国家都大。_答案：1). He is taller than anyone else in his class. = He is taller than any of the other students in his class. = He is taller than any other student in his class. 2). China is larger than any country in Africa. = China is larger than all the countries in Africa. .课文佳句背诵与仿写（旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力）1【原句】Earlier that day, when they crossed the Rocky Mountains, they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle. 那天的清晨，当火车穿越落基山脉时，她们设法看到了野山羊，甚至还看到了一只大灰熊和一只鹰。(课文中类似的句子还有：That night as they slept, the train rushed across the top of Lake Superior, through the great forests and southward towards Toronto. 那天夜里她们睡着了，火车越过苏必利尔湖，穿过大森林，朝南向多伦多飞驰着。That night as the train was speeding along the St Lawrence River toward the Gulf of St Lawrence and down to the distant east coast, the cousins dreamed of French restaurants and red maple leaves. 那天晚上，火车沿着圣劳伦斯河疾驰，朝圣劳伦斯湾驶去，一直开到远方的东海岸，姐妹两个做梦都在想着法国餐馆和红色枫叶。)模仿要点 时间状语短语when / while / as 引导的从句主句【模仿1】黄昏，我正在和一群孩子在河边玩。忽然发现岸边的人们都被染成金黄色。同时，水面上，大坝上和树都被笼罩在一片金色光辉中。_答案：At dusk, while I was playing with a group of children near the river, I suddenly found that people at the bank were painted golden yellow. At the same time the surface of the river, the dams and the trees around us were enveloped by the red light.【模仿2】在春天，当的雨季已经过去, 漫长炎热的夏天还没有到来, 在这季节交替的时间, 温斯堡城外的乡野生机岸然. 小城的四周是开阔的田野, 田地外可见一片片赏心悦目的林地._答案：In the spring when the rains have passed and before the long hot days of summer have come, the country about Winesburg is delightful. The town lies in the midst of ope