考研英语长难句教程.docx

考研英语长难句教程蒋军虎编讲一、1. An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform.2. This temptation to cover the distance between himself and the reader, to study his image in the sight of those who do not know him, can be his undoing: he has begun to write to please.3. Twenty or thirty pages of information handed to any of the major world powers around the year 1925 would have been sufficient to change the course of world history.4. An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law.5. But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not.6. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability.7. “Im not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how Id go, because Ive watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks ,” he says.8. Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc. , like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea.”9. Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today.10. In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade.11. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.12. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly.13. Some of these causes are completely reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.14. The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.15. To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.16. The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the worlds rain forest does not seem surprising, considering the huge number of insects that comprise the bulk of the species.17. To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in the sea, it helps to think small.18. The consumers would be able to select their view of the match on a gigantic, flat screen occupying the whole of one wall, with images of a clarity which cannot be foreseen at present.19. The only meals regularly taken together in Britain these days are at the weekend, among rich families struggling to retain something of the old symbol of togetherness.二、1. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers misfortunes.2. As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldnt have changed anything.3. I have known very few writers, but those I have known, and whom I respect, confess at once that they have little idea where they are going.4. In the first place, any scientific study requires that there be no preferential weighting of one or another of the items in the series it selects for its consideration.5. It was necessary first to arrive at that degree of sophistication where we longer set our own belief against our neighbors superstition.6. In this way, we have learned all that we know of the laws of astronomy, or of the habits of the social insects, let us say.7. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the companys private intranet.8. Very few writers on the subject have explored this distinction-indeed, contradiction-which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom.9. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.10. In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be“morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning.”11. New ways of organizing the workplace-all that re-engineering and downsizing are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training.12. “They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened.”13. Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned.14. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.15. The greater interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.16. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.17. This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific18. Establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. 18. Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a valid or fair comparison.19. Silicon Valley is a magnet to which numerous talented engineers, scientists and entrepreneurs from overseas flock in search of fame, fast money and to participate in a technological revolution whose impact on mankind will surely surpass the epoch-making European Renaissance and Industrial Revolution of the bygone age.20. Im usually fairly skeptically about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago.三、1. He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that he not only believes them himself, but has convinced industrial and business management that they are true.2. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have: their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles.3. The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made.4. Although perhaps only 1 percent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns, so vast is the number of plants, that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.5. While black conductors were often motivated by their own painful experiences, whites were commonly driven by religious convictions.6. They had almost reached shore when a watchman spotted them and raced off to spread the news.7. Economy is one powerful motive for camping, since after the initial outlay upon equipment, or through hiring it, the total expense can be far less than the cost of hotels.8. As the boat slid across the river, Parker watched carelessly as the pursuers closed in around the men he was forced to leave behind.9. Until we are intelligent as to its laws and varieties, the main complicating facts of human life must remain unintelligible.10. Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem.四、1. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary the dangers of drug interactions, for example and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isnt clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.2. Granted, a snobbery of camping itself, based upon equipment and techniques, already exists; but it is of a kind that, if he meets it, he can readily understand and deal with.3. I am sure that, without modern weapons, I would make a very poor show of disputing the ownership of a cave with a bear, and in this I do not think that I stand alone.4. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays, when they come, are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation.5. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms.6. It is no use offering the manual labourer, tired out with a hard weeks sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon.7. It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or business man, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the weekend.8. We must conclude from the work of those who have studied the origin of life, that given a planet only approximately like our own, life is almost certain to start.9. I do not doubt that it would be possible to inject ideas into the modern world that would utterly destroy us.10. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment although no one had proposed to do so and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.11. The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC including ordinary listeners and viewers to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.12. A young man sees a sunset and , unable to understand or to express the emotion it rouses in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lie beyond.13. Make sure you include in the examination paper whatever questions they didnt know the answers to last time.14. The sense is growing that the Americans need to turn things round fast, militarily and politically, if they are to ensure that events do not spin out control.15. The present question is that many people consider impossible what is really possible if effort is made.16. The Victorians, realizing that the greatest happiness accorded to man is that provided by a happy marriage, endeavoured to pretend that all their marriages were happy.17. And we are so accustomed to reading almost every week newspaper reports about new discoveries being made by man that we tend to take the progress and benefit of scientific research for granted.五、1. It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only external and internal criticism of sources and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.2. Morocco and California are bits of the Earth in very similar latitudes, both on the west coasts of continents with similar climates, and probably with rather similar natural resources.3. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief, and the very great varieties it may manifest.4. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.5. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.6. “The test of any democratic society, ” he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, “lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be.”7. While talking to you ,your could be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares ” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.8. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.9. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.10. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large“comfortable ”classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders meeting to dictate their orders to the management.11. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.12. Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem.13. The study of custom can be profitable only after certain preliminary propositions have been accepted, and some of these propositions have been violently opposed.14. This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.15. How well the prediction will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is always interpreted. 16.Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.17. And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.18. On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.19. But judging from recent studies of crying behavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical composition of tears, both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive.20. Very few people, no matter how intelligent or experienced, can take inventory of the many branching possibilities, possible outcomes, side effects, and undesired consequences of a policy or a course of action in a matter of seconds.六、1. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls ” among researchers .2. Emerging from the 1980 census in the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.3. Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterdays “baby boom ” generation reached its childbearing years.4. Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West.5. Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.6. For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not te