报刊阅读答案.doc

美国报刊1. The New York Times 纽约时报2. The Washington Post 华盛顿邮报3. Los Angeles Times 洛杉矶时报4. USA Today 今日美国报5. The Wall Street Journal 华尔街日报6. International Herald Tribune 国际先驱论坛报7. The Christian Science Monitor 基督教科学箴言报8. Time 时代周刊9. Newsweek新闻周刊10. U .S .News &World Report 美国新闻与世界报道11. Readers Digest读者文摘12. Fortune 财富杂志13. Business Week 商业周刊14. Far Eastern Economic Review远东经济评论英国报刊15. The Times 泰晤士报16. Financial Times金融时报17. The Guardian 卫报18. The Daily Telegraphy每日电讯报19. The Independent独立报20. The Economist 经济学家21. The Spectator旁观者22. New Statesman 新政治家周刊四回答问题1.有哪些新闻体裁（forms of news writing）消息 通讯 新闻特写 调查报告 报告文学OR 消息（News）,特写( Feature),社论和评论( Editorial &Commentary)2.The Ivy League 常春藤联合会包括美国东部八所名牌大学，例举几个? 罗得岛州的布朗大学 Brown University 纽约市的哥伦比亚大学 Columbia University 纽约州的康奈尔大学 Cornell University 新罕布什尔州的达特默思学院Dartmouth College 马萨诸塞州的哈佛大学 Harvard University 宾夕法尼亚州的宾夕法尼亚大学 University of Pennsylvania 新泽西州的普林斯顿大学Princeton University 康涅狄格州的耶鲁大学Yale University三借喻，提喻P1891. blue helmets联合国维和部队（借）2. Broadway纽约戏剧业，美国戏剧业（借）3. Buckingham英国王宫，英国王室（借）4. Capitol Hill美国国会（借）5. The City (of London)英国金融界，英国商业界6. Donkey美国民主党7. Downing Street英国首相府，英国首相，英国政府，英国内阁8. Elephant美国共和党9. Fleet Street英国新闻界，英国报业10. Hollywood美国电影业,电影界或娱乐业11. London英国，英国政府12. Madison Avenue美国广告业13. Pentagon美国国防部14. Silicon Valley美国高科技集中地15. Wall Street美国金融界16. Washington联邦政府，美国政府，美国，美国东部 17. Westminster英国议会，英国政府18. White House总统府，行政部门19. Oval Office美国总统办公室中英翻译1. academic year学年2. open door policy 开放政策3. start-up companies 创业公司4. prime minister首相5. debt specialist处理债务问题的专家6. GE Capital通用电气公司投资部门7. venture capitalist 风险投资家8. moderately well-off society小康社9. special economic zones经济特区10. disposable income 可支配收入11. per-capita人均12. conventional wisdom普遍的看法13. alumni connections 校友联谊/关系网14. election day 选举日15. the Obama Administration奥巴马政府16. GOP 老大党/美国共和党17. presidential election总统选举 /general elections18. President-elect当选总统19. popular vote普选票或民选票20. Electoral College选举团21. electoral vote 选举人票22. winner-take-all胜者全得或赢者通吃23. emerging powers 新兴国家24. declinism 衰落论25. budget deficits 财政赤字26. unipolar moment 单极时期27. intelligence establishment 情报界28. Watergate affair 水门事29. private sector私营部门30. health-care costs 医疗费用31. human rights 人权32. parliamentary democracy 议会民主33. constitutional monarchy 立宪君主34. political accountability 政治责任35. head of state 国家元首36. parliament 议会37. reigning monarch 执政的君主38. the British Commonwealth of Nations 英联邦39. republicanism 共和制40. racial discrimination种族歧视41. taxpayer纳税人42. The Ivy League 常春藤联合会65.Americas intelligenceestablishment 美国情报界二缩略词1. GDP Gross Domestic Product 国内生产总值2. M.B.A. master of business administration 工商管理硕士3. HBS Harvard business school 哈佛大学商学院4. COO chief operating officer 运营主管5. CEO Chief Executive Officer首席执行官或行政主管6. PM primer minister 首相7. GE Capital general electric capital 通用电气公司投资部门8. WHO World Health Organization 世界卫生组织9. WTO World Trade Organization 世贸组织10. EU European union 欧洲联盟11. IMF international monetary fund12. MIT Massachusetts institute of technology 麻省理工学院 13. SAT the scholastic assessment test 学业能力评估测验14. GOP Grand Old Party 老大党15. NIC National Intelligence Council 国家情报委员会16.CPPCC Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference中国人民政治协商会议17.UNESCO United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization 联合国教育，科学及文化组织L2（Home at last）1. Why did some of the HBS grads choose to come back to China although they had received lucrative offers from Americas top companies? Not only has China changed dramatically since most of them left but also the nation can offer more personal freedoms and economic opportunities now than ever before.2. What profession do they usually like to go in for? Most of them choose e-commerce3. Why did most of them choose to take in IT industry? Because IT is the leading industry now.4. Why did some of them decide to stay in the US while some chose to come back?They wanted to gain experience in the States before they came back.5. What do you think is the biggest obstacle preventing the elite from coming back home?It is the complicated relationships and uncertainty of our human resource management system.6.What does the title of this article “Home At Last” mean ? It means some of the HBS elite have made their final decision to return to China to serve their country.L3(china finds western ways bring new woes)1. According to the writer, what is the best way to understand the change that has taken place in China?The writer thinks that the best way to appreciate how much has changed in china is to examine the people themselves: what they eat and drink now and how dangerously overweight more than one-fifth of adults are.2. What does the traditional Chinese lifestyle emphasize? what about the western lifestyle? How can this change of lifestyle affect peoples health? How can it influence chinas economic development?Traditional Chinese lifestyle emphasizes restraint while the western lifestyle emphasizes indulgence. The change from traditional Chinese lifestyle to western indulgence will affect public health strongly: deaths from diet-related illnesses are expected to increase 10 times faster than population growth. And the increase in health care costs could slow down the economic development.3. What are the two main factors that lead people to gain weight? What has caused the changes in peoples lifestyle and diet?The two main factors of gaining weight are less exercise and more fat in the diet. The cause of these changes is that people have more money than before. They can afford to buy televisions, stereos, washing machines and refrigerators, which save their labor and make them less active. And more people have taken on more sedentary jobs on assembly lines or in offices,4. In the writers view, is peoples drinking habit influenced by alcohol supplies?Yes. He believes that increased supplies of alcohol, together with the rising disposable income, have stimulated drinking.5. Will unhealthy eating and drinking lead to substantial financial costs? Why?Yes. Unhealthy eating and drinking may cause such diseases as heart attack, stroke and adult-onset diabetes, and the government will have to spend more money to treat these diseases.L9(Obama makes history)1、 What are the most important factors that contributed to Obamas victory in the presidential election?He has given the US people a reformist message of change and an inspirational exhortation of hope. He is popular among younger and disaffected voters drawn to his rhetorical style, and is supported by a unified base of Democrats worried about the economy and frustrated with the war in Irap.2、 Has the Democratic Party won a majority of seats in Congress? What does that mean to Democrats?Yes. It means that the Democrats have returned to the position of dominance and power in Congress.3、 What are McCains and Bushs attitudes towards Obamas victory?McCain delivered a gracious concession speech before his supporters in Phoenix. Bush congratulated Obama and promised to make the transition smooth.4、 Has Obama accomplished his promise to transform the electoral map? How is that map changed?Yes, he made good on his pledge to transform the electoral map. He won in places where Republicans had labored for a decade to cultivate a permanent, conservative voter base that they thought would ensure presidential victories.5、 What characterizes the 2008 presidential election?It was the longest and most expensive presidential election in US history and it fundementally changed national politics in communication strategy and voter outreach.6、 What is Cen.Clintons attitude towards Obamas election?She worked hard for Obamas election after her defeat in the Democratic nomination and expressed enthusiasm about his victory.7、 What do you think of the American democracy?Open. L11(is Americas new declinism for real )1. What is the difference between the latest global trends report and the one issued four years ago?The latest report foresees world in which the US plays a prominent role in global events，but the US is seen as one among many global actors. The report issued four years ago had projected continuing US dominance. 2. What does new declinism mean?It means that Americans，especially the intellectuals，think that America is in decline. They have lost the aggressive confidence of the Bush years and the unipolar moment. It is new because there were times in US history when people had similar thoughts. 3. What are the reasons of the new declinism?There are three reasons：First，the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have made it clear that US military supremacy does not automatically translate into political victory. Second，the rise of China and India suggests that Americas days as the worlds largest economy are numbered. Third, the financial crisis has fed the notion that the US is living beyond its means and that something is badly wrong with the American model.4. What does William Wohlforth of Dartmouth College think of the new declinism?He pointed out that America may recover from the new declinism just like before and there may be a resurgence of American confidence.5. Why does the writer think that the new declinism may be more soundly based than the previous ones?Because he thinks that China may pose more challenge to the US than the Soviet Union and Japan since it has a large size and a record of sustained and dynamic economic growth.6. What do you think of Americas decline? And Chinas rise? Open L18(a race we can all win)1. What are the different views between the author and some other American politicians on China? Why does he think so?Many American politicians have played tovoters economic insecurities by scapegoating China，while the author believes that China is not a threat to America，but an incredible opportunity. Since the author has worked 35 years in the private sector, and has run the nations largest city for 6 years.2. What does the author see behind the growing Chinese economy?Although China emerges as an economic dynamo，the author has also seen the frailties underpinning its system. The increasingly congested roads and polluted air choke its economy and its people. The growth of cities is also exposing other fundamental long-term economic challenges，for instance，the education system is simply not producing enough skilled workers- engineers，doctors，scientists and mangers. At the same time，health-care costs are skyrocketing.3. What common problems do both China and America meet? Give an example to illustrate how China is solving these problems.Both China and America have congestion，pollution，education, and rising health-care costs. 4. Compared with China，what are the advantages for America to solve these problems? Do you agree with the author? The author advocates that America has a system of government that is far less corrupt and far more stable，owing to American democratic politics，free press and open, transparent markets. 5. In the authors opinion, how can America meet the challenge?The Americans should prevent themselves from slowing down, which means overcoming the political inertia that has stopped them from investing in the 21st-century infrastructure that they need.6. Do you agree with the authors opinions about China and the US? Please illustrate your own views with some examples.Open.L19(why the monarchy must stay)1. What was Mr. Churchills view on Britains system of government? Do you agree with him?a. he thought it was the best that man had yet devised though it was imperfect. b. Open.2. What role does Queen Elizabeth II play? Can she play a better role than an American president in a sense? Explain.a. she, as head of state, carries out ceremonial duties, and takes the political accountability while remaining above politics and taking no sides in any political debate. b. In the authors view, she can. An American president is also the leader of a political party, so he cant remain above politics. 3. What power does Queen Elizabeth II have/ does Her Majesty have the real power to choose a prime minister? Why or why not?a. she can ch