中英文-OHSAS.doc

OHSAS 18001:2007 条文中文版职业健康安全管理系统 - 要求事项(Occupational health and safety management systems - Requirements)1 适用范围 Scope职业健康安全评估系列（OHSAS）标准规定了职业健康安全(OH&S)管理体系的要求，旨在使组织控制其OH&S 风险和改进其绩效。它既没有提出特定的OH&S 绩效准则，也没有给出设计管理体系的详细说明。OHSAS 标准适用于有下列愿望的任何组织：a)建立OH&S管理体系，以消除或减少人员和其他相关方可能遇到的与组织的活动相关的OH&S风险；b)实施、保持和持续改进OH&S 管理体系；c)确保其符合本身宣告的OH&S 方针；d)通过下列方式展示符合OHSAS 标准：1)进行自我确定和声明，或2)请感兴趣的各方如顾客对其符合性进行确认，或3）请组织外的一方对其自我声明的符合性进行确认，或4）寻求外部组织对其OH&S 管理体系进行认证/注册；本标准的所有要求都意在纳入任何OH&S 管理体系。其应用的程度取决于组织的OH&S方针、活动性质、运行的风险及复杂性等因素。本标准旨在规范职业健康安全而不打算涉及其他的健康与安全领域如员工身心健康计划、产品安全、财产损失或环境影响。This Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series (OHSAS)Standard specifies requirements for an occupational health and safety(OH&S) management system, to enable an organization to control itsOH&S risks and improve its OH&S performance. It does not state specific OH&S performance criteria, nor does it give detailed specifications for the design of a management system.This OHSAS Standard is applicable to any organization that wishes to:a) Establish an OH&S management system to eliminate or minimize risks to personnel and other interested parties who could be exposed to OH&S hazards associated with its activities;b) Implement, maintain and continually improve an OH&S management system;c) Assure itself of its conformity with its stated OH&S policy;d) Demonstrate conformity with this OHSAS Standard by:1) Making a self-determination and self-declaration, or2) Seeking confirmation of its conformance by parties having an interest in the organization, such as customers, or3) Seeking confirmation of its self-declaration by a party external to the organization, or4) Seeking certification/registration of its OH&S management system by an external organization.All the requirements in this OHSAS Standard are intended to be incorporated into any OH&S management system. The extent of the application will depend on such factors as the OH&S policy of the organization, the nature of its activities and the risks and complexity of its operations.This OHSAS Standard is intended to address occupational health and safety, and is not intended to address other health and safety areas such as employee wellbeing/wellness programmes, product safety, property damage or environmental impacts.2 参考资料 Reference publications在参考文献中列出了提供信息或指导的其他文件。建议参考这些文件的最新版本。尤其是要参考：OHSAS 18002， 职业健康安全管理体系-OHSAS 18001实施指南。国际劳工组织：2001，职业健康安全管理体系指南。Other publications that provide information or guidance are listed in the bibliography. It is advisable that the latest editions of such publications be consulted. Specifically, reference should be made to: OHSAS 18002, Occupational health and safety management systems Guidelines for the implementation of OHSAS 18001 International Labour Organization:2001, Guidelines on Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems (OSH-MS)3 术语和定义 Terms and definitions下列术语和定义适用于本标准。For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1 可接受风险 Acceptable risk其程度已降低至组织考虑其法律义务和其职业健康安全方针(3.16)后可容许水平的风险Risk that has been reduced to a level that can be tolerated by the organization having regard to its legal obligations and its own OH&S policy (3.16)1999 版定义：3.17 可容许的风险：tolerable risk根据组织上法律义务和职业健康安全方针，已降至组织可接受的程度的风险.3.2 审核 Audit用来获取审核证据并对它做出客观评估以确定审核准则满足程度的系統的、独立和文件化的过程。ISO9000:2005, 3.9.1Systematic, independent and documented process for obtaining “audit evidence” and evaluating it objectively to determine the extent to which “audit criteria” are fulfilled ISO 9000:2005, 3.9.1注：独立并不是指来自组织的外部。在许多情况下，特別在小型组织中，独立性可用与被审核的活动无责任关系的方式展示。NOTE 1 Independent does not necessarily mean external to the organization. In many cases, particularly in smaller organizations, independence can be demonstrated by the freedom from responsibility for the activity being audited.NOTE 2: For further guidance on “audit evidence” and “audit criteria”, see ISO 19011.3.3 持续改善 Continual improvement遵循组织(3.17)的OH&S 方针(3.16)，強化职业健康安全管理体系(3.13)以达到改善整体OH&S 绩效(3.15)的循环过程。Recurring process of enhancing the OH&S management system (3.13) in order to achieve improvements in overall OH&S performance (3.15) consistent with the organizations (3.17)OH&S policy (3.16)注1：该过程不需要在活动的所有方面同时进行。NOTE 1: The process need not take place in all areas of activity simultaneously.注2：采用ISO 14001:2004 的定义3.2。NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 14001:2004, 3.2.3.4 纠正措施(新) Corrective action用以消除所发现的不符合（3.11）或其他不期望情況的原因所采取的措施。Action to eliminate the cause of a detected nonconformity (3.11) or other undesirable situation注1：一个不符合可能存在一个以上的原因。NOTE 1 There can be more than one cause for a nonconformity.注2：采取纠正措施是为了防止再发生，而采取预防措施(3.19)是为了防止发生。ISO 9000:2005, 3.6.5NOTE 2 Corrective action is taken to prevent recurrence whereas preventive action (3.18) is taken to prevent occurrence. ISO 9000:2005, 3.6.53.5 文件(新) Document信息及其承载媒体。Information and its supporting medium注1：媒体可以是纸张，计算机磁盘或其他电子媒体，照片或样件，或他们的组合。ISO 14001:2004, 3.4NOTE The medium can be paper, magnetic, electronic or optical computer disc, photograph or master sample, or a combination thereof.ISO 14001:2004, 3.43.6 危险源 Hazard可能造成人员受伤或疾病(3.8)等伤害的根源、状态或行为，或他们的组合Source, situation, or act with a potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill health (3.8), or a combination of these1999 版定义：3.4 危险源：hazard可能导致伤害或疾病、财产损失、工作环境破坏或这些情况组合的根源或状态。3.7 危险源辨识 Hazard identification认识存在的危险源并确定其特性的过程Process of recognizing that a hazard (3.6) exists and defining its characteristics1999 版定义：3.5 危险源辨识：hazard identification认识危险源的存在并确定其特性的过程。3.8 疾病(新) Ill health由工作活动和/或工作相关的情况所引起和/或加剧其严重性的可鉴别的、有害的身体或心理状态Identifiable, adverse physical or mental condition arising from and/or made worse by a work activity and/or work-related situation3.9 事件 Incident发生或可能已经发生伤害或疾病(无论严重程度) 或死亡的与工作相关的事件Work-related event(s) in which an injury or ill health (3.8) (regardless of severity) or fatality occurred, or could have occurred注1 事故是一种已引发伤害,疾病或死亡的事件。NOTE 1 An accident is an incident which has given rise to injury, ill health or fatality.注2 其结果未产生伤害，疾病，或者死亡的事件在英文中还可称为 “near-miss”, “near-hit”, “close call” or “dangerous occurrence”.NOTE 2 An incident where no injury, ill health, or fatality occurs may also be referred to as a “near-miss”, “near-hit”, “close call” or “dangerous occurrence”.注3 紧急情况（4.4.7）是一种特殊类型的事件。NOTE 3 An emergency situation (see 4.4.7) is a particular type of incident.1999 版定义：3.6 事件：incident导致或可能导致事故的情况。注：其结果未产生疾病、伤害、损坏或其它损失的事件在英文中还可称为“near-miss”。英文中，术语“incident”包含“near-misses”。3.10 相关方 Interested party关注组织OH&S 绩效(3.15)或受其影响的工作场所(3.18) 之内或之外的个人或团体Pperson or group, inside or outside the workplace (3.23), concerned with or affected by the OH&S performance (3.15) of an organization (3.17)1999 版定义：3.7 相关方：interested parties与组织的职业健康安全绩效有关的或受其职业健康安全绩效影响的个人或团体3.11 不符合 Nonconformity未满足要求。ISO 9000:2005, 3.6.2; ISO 14001, 3.15Non-fulfilment of a requirementISO 9000:2005, 3.6.2; ISO 14001, 3.15注：不符合可能是对下列要求的偏离：- 相关的工作标准，实务，程序，法规要求，等；- OH&S 管理体系(3.13)要求。NOTE A nonconformity can be any deviation from: Relevant work standards, practices, procedures, legal requirements, etc. OH&S management system (3.13) requirements.3.12职业健康安全 Occupational health and safety (OH&S) 影响或可能影响工作场所内所有员工或其他员工(包括临时工和合同方人员)、访问者或其他人员健康和安全的条件与因素Conditions and factors that affect, or could affect, the health and safety of employees or other workers (including temporary workers and contractor personnel), visitors, or any other person in the workplace (3.23)注： 组织可能因靠近工作场所或者那些暴露在工作场所活动的人员的健康和安全而遭受法律的要求NOTE Organizations can be subject to legal requirements for the health and safety of persons beyond the immediate workplace, or who are exposed to the workplace activities.1999 版定义：3.10 职业安全卫生：occupational health and safety(OHS)影响工作场所内员工、临时工作人员、合同方人员、访问者及其它人员健康和安全的条件与因素。3.13职业健康安全管理体系OH&S management system一个组织总的管理体系的一个部分，用于制定和实施组织的职业健康安全方针和管理组织的职业健康风险Part of an organizations (3.17) management system used to develop and implement its OH&S policy (3.16) and manage its OH&S risks (3.21)注1 一个管理体系是指用于建立方针和目标并且达成他们的目标的一组要素NOTE 1 A management system is a set of interrelated elements used to establish policy and objectives and to achieve those objectives.注2 一个管理系统包括组织机构，策划活动（包括，例如：风险评估和目标的设定）、职责、惯例、程序、过程和资源NOTE 2 A management system includes organizational structure, planning activities (including, for example, risk assessment and the setting of objectives), responsibilities, practices, procedures (3.19), processes and resources.注3 改编自ISO 14001:2004, 3.8NOTE 3 Adapted from ISO 14001:2004, 3.8.1999 版定义： 3.11 职业安全卫生管理体系： occupational health and safetymanagement system(OHSAS)总的管理体系的一个部分，便于组织对其业务相关的职业健康安全风险的管理。它包括为制定、实施、实现、评审和保持职业健康安全方针所需的组织机构、策划活动、职责、惯例、程序、过程和资源。3.14职业健康安全目标 OH&S objective组织在职业健康安全绩效方面所要达到的职业健康安全卫生目的OH&S goal, in terms of OH&S performance (3.15), that an organization (3.17) sets itself to achieve注1 无论执行场所，目标应该被量化NOTE 1 Objectives should be quantified wherever practicable.注2 4.3.3 要求职业健康安全卫生目标和职业健康安全卫生方针是一致的NOTE 2 4.3.3 requires that OH&S objectives are consistent with the OH&S policy (3.16).1999 版定义：目标：objectives组织在职业健康安全绩效方面所要达到的目的3.15职业健康安全绩效 OH&S performance组织对于他的职业健康安全卫生风险进行管理所取得的可测量结果Measurable results of an organizations (3.17) management of its OH&S risks (3.21)注1 OH&S 绩效测量包括组织的控制效果的测量NOTE 1 OH&S performance measurement includes measuring the effectiveness of the organizations controls.注2 在OH&S 管理体系3.13 条件下，可对照组织的OH&S 方针（3.16）,OH&S 目标(3.14)和其他OH&S 绩效要求结果进行测量NOTE 2 In the context of OH&S management systems (3.13), results can also be measured against the organizations (3.17) OH&S policy (3.16), OH&S objectives (3.14), and other OH&S performance requirements.1999 版定义：3.13 绩效：performance基于职业健康安全方针与目标，与组织的职业健康安全风险控制有关的,职业健康安全管理体系的可测量的结果。注1:绩效测量包括职业健康安全管理活动和结果的测量。注2“绩效”也可称为“业绩”。3.16OH&S 方针（新）OH&S policy由最高管理者就组织（3.17）的OH&S 绩效（3.15）正式表述的总体意图和方向Overall intentions and direction of an organization (3.17) related to its OH&S performance (3.15) as formally expressed by top management注：OH&S 方针为采取措施，以及建立OH&S目标（3.9）提供了一个框架NOTE 1 The OH&S policy provides a framework for action and for the setting of OH&S objectives (3.14)注：改编自ISO14001:2004 ,3.11NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 14001:2004, 3.11.3.17 组织 Organization有自身职能和行政管理的公司、集团公司、商行、企事业单位、政府机关或社团，或是上述单位的部分或组合，无论其是否法人团体、公有或私营。Company, corporation, firm, enterprise, authority or institution, or part or combination thereof, whether incorporated or not, public or private, that has its own functions and administration注：对于拥有一个以上运行单位的组织，可把一个单独运行的单位视为一个组织。ISO 14001:2004, 3.16NOTE For organizations with more than one operating unit, a single operating unit may be defined as an organization.ISO 14001:2004, 3.163.18 预防措施(新) Preventive action用以消除潜在的不符合（3.11）或其他不期望的潜在情況的原因所采取的措施。Action to eliminate the cause of a potential nonconformity (3.11) or other undesirable potential situation注1：一个潜在不符合可能存在一个以上的原因。NOTE 1: There can be more than one cause for a potential nonconformity.注2：采取预防措施是为了防止发生，而采取纠正措施(3.4)是为了防止再发生。ISO 9000:2005, 3.6.4NOTE 2 Preventive action is taken to prevent occurrence whereas corrective action (3.4) is taken to prevent recurrence.ISO 9000:2005, 3.6.43.19 程序(新) Procedure为进行某项活动或过程所规定的途径。Specified way to carry out an activity or a process注1：程序可以形成文件，也可以不形成文件。ISO 9000:2005, 3.4.5NOTE Procedures can be documented or not.ISO 9000:2005, 3.4.53.20 记录(新) Record阐明所取得的结果或提供活动执行证据的文件。ISO 14001:2004, 3.20Document (3.5) stating results achieved or providing evidence of activities performedISO 14001:2004, 3.203.21风险 Risk一个危险情况发生或者暴露的可能以及由于这种情况或者暴露导致的疾病或者伤害的严重程度的后果的组合Combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event or exposure(s) and the severity of injury or ill health (3.8) that can be caused by the event or exposure(s)1999 版定义：3.14 风险：risk某一特定危险情况发生的可能性和后果的组合。3.22风险评估 Risk assessment评估来自危险源的风险，考虑任何已经存在的控制的充分性，并且确定风险是否可接受的过程Process of evaluating the risk(s) (3.21) arising from a hazard(s), taking into account the adequacy of any existing controls, and deciding whether or not the risk(s) is acceptable1999 版定义：3.15 风险评估：risk assessment评估风险大小以及确定风险是否可容许的全过程。3.23工作场所（新） Workplace组织控制下的工作相关活动被执行的任何实际存在的场所Any physical location in which work related activities are performed under the control of the organization注：当考虑工作场所的组成，对于旅行或者在旅途中(e.g, 开车，飞行，乘船或者火车)，在客户或顾客那里工作，或者在家工作的人员，组织应该考虑OH&S 对这些职员的影响NOTE When giving consideration to what constitutes a workplace, the organization (3.17) should take into account the OH&S effects on personnel who are, for example, travelling or in transit (e.g. driving, flying, on boats or trains), working at the premises of a client or customer, or working at home.4. 安全卫生管理系统要求事项OH&S management system requirements4.1 总的要求General requirements组织应根据本本OHSAS 标准的要求建立、实施、保持及持续改善OH&S 管理体系，形成文件， 并确定它将如何满足这些要求。The organization shall establish, document, implement, maintain and continually improve an OH&S management system in accordance with the requirements of this OHSAS Standard and determine how it will fulfill these requirements.组织应确定其OH&S 管理体系覆盖的范围并形成文件。The organization shall define and document the scope of its OH&S management system.4.2 职业健康安全方针OH&S policy最高管理者应确定并批准组织的OH&S 方针，并确保在确定的OH&S管理体范围内该方针：a) 适合组织OH&S风险的性质和规模；b) 包括预防伤害与疾病以及持续改善OH&S管理和OH&S绩效的承诺；c) 包括至少符合组织应遵守的与OH&S危险相关的适用的OH&S法规和其他要求的承诺；d) 提供建立和评审OH&S 方针的框架；e) 形成文件、实施和保持；f) 与组织控制之下工作的所有人员沟通以使他们认识到各自的OH&S义务；g) 可为相关方所获取；h) 定期进行评审，以确保其与组织的相关性与适宜性Top management shall define and authorize the organizations OH&S policy and ensure that within the defined scope of its OH&S management system it:a) Is appropriate to the nature and scale of the organizations OH&S risks;b) Includes a commitment to prevention of injury and ill health and continual improvement in OH&S management and OH&S performance;c) Includes a commitment to at least comply with applicable legal requirements and with other requirements to which the organization subscribes that relate to its OH&S hazards;d) Provides the framework for setting and reviewing OH&S objectives;e) Is documented, implemented and maintained;f) Is communicated to all persons working under the control of the organization with the intent that they are made aware of their individual OH&S obligations;g) Is available to interested parties; andh) Is reviewed periodically to ensure that it remains relevant and appropriate to the organization.4.3 策划Planning4.3.1 危险辨识、风险评估和确定控制措施Hazard identification, risk assessment and determining controls组织应建立、实施及保持一个或多个程序， 以持续进行危险辨识、风险评估和确定必要的控制措施。危险辨识与风险评估的程序应考虑：a)例行的和非例行的活动；b)所有进入工作场所人员（包括合同方和访问者）的活动；c)人的行为、能力和其他的人的因素；d) 源于工作场所之外但对工作场所内组织控制下的人员的健康与安全产生有害影响的已识别的危险；e)在工作场所附近，由组织控制下的工作相关的活动所造成的危险；注1：此类危险作为环境因素来评估可能更适当。f)工作场所的基础设施、设备和材料，无论是组织提供的还是外部提供的；g) 组织、组织的活动或材料的变化或计划的变化；h)对OH&S管理体系的修改，包括暂时的变化，以及他们对运行、过程和活动的影响；i)与风险评估和实施必要的控制措施相关的适用的法律责任（也可参考3.12的注解）；j) 工作区域、过程、安装、机械/设备、运行程序和工作组织的设计，包括使用他们适应人的能力。The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s) for the ongoing hazard identification, risk assessment, and determination of necessary controls.The procedure(s) for hazard identification and risk assessment shall take into account:a) Routine and non-routine activities;b) Activities of all persons having access to the workplace (including contractors and visitors);c) Human behaviour, capabilities and other human factors;d) Identified hazards originating outside the workplace capable of adversely affecting the health and safety of persons under the control of the organization within the workplace;e) Hazards created in the vicinity of the workplace by work-related activities under the control of the organization;NOTE 1 It may be more appropriate for such hazards to be assessedas an environmental aspect.f) Infrastructure, equipment and materials at the workplace, whether provided by the organization or others;g) Changes or proposed changes in the organization, its activities, or materials;h) Modifications to the OH&S management system, including temporary changes, and their impacts on operations, processes, and activities;i) Any applicable legal obligations relating to risk assessment and implementation of necessary controls (see also the NOTE to 3.12);j) The design of work areas, processes, installations, machinery/equipment, operating procedures and work organization, including their adaptation to human capabilities.组织用于危险辨识和风险评估的方法应：a)依据其范围、特性和时间安排加以确定，以保证该方法具有主动性而不是被动性；b)提供风险的辨识、控制优先顺序和文件化；在适当时提供控制措施的应用；The organizations methodology for hazard identification and risk assessment shall:a) Be defined with respect to its scope, nature and timing to ensure it is proactive rather than reactive; andb) Provide for the identification, prioritization and documentation of risks, and the application of controls, as appropriate.对于变更管理，组织应在引进组织、OH&S 管理体系或其活动的变更之前辨识与这些变更相关的OH&S 危险和OH&S 风险。组织应确保在确定控制措施时考虑这些评估的结果。The organization shall ensure that the results of these assessments are considered when determining controls.在确定控制措施时，或考虑改变现有的控制措施时，应根据下列顺序考虑降低风险：a) 消除；b) 替代；c)工程控制；d)标识/警告和/或行政控制；e)个人防护器具。When determining controls, or considering changes to existing controls, consideration shall be given to reducing the risks according to the following hierarchy:a) Elimination;b) Substitution;c) Engineering controls;d) Signage/warnings and/or administrative controls;e) Personal protective equipment.组织应将危险辨识、风险评估和确定的控制措施的结果形成文件并保持其更新。The organization shall document and keep the results of identification of hazards, risk assessments and determined controls up-to-date.组织应确保在建立、实施和保持其OH&S 管理体系时考虑OH&S 风险和确定的控制措施。The organiza