中考总复习资料-初中英语基础知识及考点透析.doc

Contents(目录)第一部分 名词、名词所有格A. 可数名词及不可数名词考点直击(3)考点梳理(3)中考百分百(4)B.名词所有格考点直击(7)考点梳理(7)中考百分百(7)第二部分 数词考点直击(8)考点梳理(8)中考百分百(9)第三部分 冠词考点直击(10)考点梳理(10)中考百分百( 11)第四部分 代词考点直击(11)考点梳理(12)中考百分百(13 )第五部分 形容词考点直击(16)考点梳理.(17)中考百分百.(18 )第六部分 副词考点直击(21)考点梳理.(21)中考百分百.(21 )第七部分 介词及介词短语考点直击(23)考点梳理(24)中考百分百(25 )第八部分 动词A. 实意动词、连系动词考点梳理.(26)中考百分百.(26)B.情态动词考点直击(27)考点梳理(27)中考百分百(27)C.动词时态考点梳理.(28)中考百分百.(28 )D.动词语态考点梳理.(34)中考百分百.(34)E. 虚拟语气考点梳理.(35)中考百分百.(35 )F.非谓语动词考点直击(35)考点梳理.(36)中考百分百.(36 )G.近义动词考点梳理.(40)中考百分百.(40 )H.主谓一致考点梳理.(42)中考百分百.(42 )I.动词词组考点梳理.(43)中考百分百.( 43)第九部分 简单句考点梳理.(45)中考百分百.(45)第十部分 连词A.并列连词及连词短语考点直击(52)考点梳理.(52)中考百分百.(52 )B.从属连词及复合句状语从句考点梳理.(53)中考百分百.(53 )宾语从句考点直击(54)考点梳理(54)中考百分百(55)定语从句考点梳理(56)中考百分百(56 )第十一部分 改错考点梳理.(57)中考百分百.(57 )第十二部分 情景反应考点直击(58)考点梳理.(58)中考百分百.(58 )第十三部分 完形填空考点直击(65)考点梳理(65)中考百分百(66)第十四部分 阅读理解考点直击(70)考点梳理(70)中考百分百(71 )第十五部分 书面表达考点直击(88)考点梳理(88)中考百分百(88)初中英语基础知识及考点透析名词【考点直击】名词是表示人、事物、地点等名称的词，名词分为专有名词(实词的首字母大写：the Great Wall ; the Summer Palace)和普通名词.普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词包括个体名词和集体名词(family ; class ; team),不可数名词包括物质名词(water; wood ; metal ; glass ; cotton ; plastic ; cotton)和抽象名词(love; life)，中考主要考查以下方面：1.可数名词和不可数名词的用法； 2.名词所有格的构成及用法；3.近义名词的辨析。【考点梳理】一、名词的数 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“s”构成，其主要变法如下：规则变化A.一般情况直接加“s”.B.以字母s 、ss 、x 、ch 、sh结尾的加“es” 例如：bus / box / fox / watch / match / brush / classC.以“辅音字母y”结尾的先变y为i,再加es. 例如：baby / city / country / library / family / factory / story / university / dictionary / hobby / lady/ company/ enemy/ butterfly .D.以o结尾的名词一般加“s”.例如：photo / piano / radio / zoo；但.hero / potato / tomato复数加es. 巧计：英雄喜欢吃西红柿和土豆。E.以f / fe结尾的，通常变f / fe 为v,再加es. 例如:knife / leaf / shelf / half / wife / life / thief不规则变化A.单复数同形：sheep / deer / fishB.单数形式复数内容：people / police C.复数形式单数内容：news / maths / physicsD.词形发生变化：man-men woman -women gentleman-gentlemen foot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geese child-children mouse-mice F.复合名词的复数形式；通常只将其中的主体名词变成复数。由man, woman构成的复合名词变复数时,两个名词全部要变成复数;eg: boy / girl friend -boy / girl friends apple tree -apple trees man / woman teacher -men / women teachers ; G.“某国人“的复数形式：表示“某国人”的名词变复数时遵循的规律是：中日不变，英法变，其它要把s添。如：Chinese / Japanese-Chinese /JapaneseEnglishman / Frenchman-Englishmen / FrenchmenAmerican / Australian / German / Canadian / Russian-Americans / Australians / Germans / Canadians / RussiansH.有些名词只有复数，没有单数形式，不能被具体数字修饰。如：clothes ; shorts ; shoes ; pants ; glasses常考的可数名词：months: January ; February ; March ; April ; May ; June ; July ; August ; September ; October ; November ; December . weeks: Sunday ; Monday ; Tuesday ; Wednesday ; Thursday ; Friday ; Saturday. seasons: spring ; summer ; autumn ; winter. food: noodles (面条); dumplings (饺子);sandwiches(三明治);cakes(蛋糕) animals: monkey(猴子); sheep(绵羊); elephant(大象);tiger(老虎) ; lion(狮子) donkey(驴)sweater(毛衣) mouth(嘴) breakfast (早餐) lunch(午餐)supper(晚餐)vegetables(蔬菜)family(家庭); party(聚会); daughter(女儿) ; radio(收音机) hotel(旅馆)street(街道); forest(森林) country(国家) ; beach(海滩) ; world(世界); queen(女王) trip(旅行); city(城市); restaurant(餐馆)question(问题); jacket(夹克衫); ticket(票) ; grass(草); house(房子) ; grapes(葡萄); station(车站) ; address(地址); stamps(邮票); chopsticks(筷子); shape(形状); circle(圆); person(人)Christmas (圣诞节) ; holiday / vacation (假期);umbrella(雨伞) ; flower(花); minute(分钟) ;tooth(牙); pupil(学生); photo(照片); interest(兴趣); voice(嗓音); husband (丈夫); piano(钢琴); parents(父母); diary(日记); subject(课程); quarter(一刻钟); library(图书馆); festival(节日) ; physics(物理); dinner(晚饭);present / gift (礼物) ;kitchen(厨房); address(地址) corner(角落); concert(音乐会); cinema(电影院); floor(地面)gate(大门) envelope(信封);future(未来) ; lawyer(律师); building(建筑物) ; sentence(句子); language(语言) ; meaning(意思); tongue(舌头) dictionary(字典) ; foreigner (外国人); company(公司); article(文章); program(节目); hobby(爱好) instruction(说明) report(报告); garden(花园) ;field(田地);member(成员); club(俱乐部); prize(奖品);score(得分) university(大学) college(学院) shower(阵雨); storm(暴风雨); leaves(树叶) reason(原因); bamboo(竹子); scientist(科学家) ; joke(玩笑) history(历史); horse(马);science(科学) experiment(实验); method(方法); force(力量); match(比赛;火柴) ; licence(执照); captain(队长); wheel(轮子) engineer(工程师) passenger(乘客); invention(发明) ; factory(工厂); wing(翅膀) ; village(村庄); second(秒);visitor(参观者);monitor(班长); mouse(鼠标);screen(屏幕) tool(工具) internet(因特网); message(信息) ; machine(机器) ; problem(问题)Europe(欧洲); world(世界) ocean(海洋) river(河流) earth(地球)surface(表面); island(岛); mountain(山脉) ; heaven(上帝); picnic(野餐); seat(座位); record(纪录) ; guest(客人); dream(梦想); victory(胜利); result(结果);tower(塔); bridge(桥); supplies(日用品); purse(钱包) heart(心)；magazine(杂志); hospital(医院); nurse(护士)spirit(精神); potato(土豆); disease(疾病); doctor(医生)tomato(西红柿); cancer(癌症); century(世纪); situation(情况) solider(士兵); accident(事故); patient(病人); warning(警告) nature(大自然) direction(方向) thought(思想) feeling(感觉)secret(秘密) mistake(错误) manner (礼貌、方式)culture(文化) greeting(问候) enemy(敌人)symbol(标志) speech(言语) decision(决定) pity(遗憾) conversation(交谈;对话) difference(差别) memory(记忆力) education(教育) attention(注意) ; manger(经理)chemistry(化学) duty(责任;义务) prison(监狱) choice(选择) government(政府) chance(机会) excuse(藉口) 二、不可数名词：不可数名词“量”的表示方法：在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法：(1)用some / any / much / a little / a lot of / lots of / plenty of等表示数量的多少。例如：The rich man has a lot of moneyThere is some milk in the bottleIs there any water in the glass？I dont like winter because theres too much snow and ice(2)借助表示数量单位的短语修饰。例如：a piece of paper / wood / bread / news a bottle of orange a glass of milk / coffee a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：two cups of tea four pieces of paperthree glasses of water常考的不可数名词：fruit (水果); chicken(鸡肉); porridge(粥); bread(面包); soup(汤); sugar(食糖); weather(天气); traffic(交通)temperature(气温); cotton(棉布); advice(建议);information(信息); knowledge(知识); pride(自豪)energy(能量); wheat(小麦); furniture(家具)medicine(药); danger(危险) ; safety(安全);liquid(液体) ; solid(固体); space / room (空间)geography(地理); population(人口); metal(金属); rubbish / litter / garbage(垃圾); environment(环境)weight(重量) ; money(钱); experience(经验、经历)cheese(奶酪); butter(黄油); death(死); research(研究)technology(技术); peace(和平); courage(勇气);blood(血液) ; flood(洪水); height(高度); effort(精力); friendship(友谊); happiness(高兴、愉快); progress(进步); society(社会) trouble(麻烦); smoking(烟)；chalk(粉笔) ；【中考百分百】A.用括号中词的正确形式填空。1. I hear that two _(Japanese ) and three_(German) are coming to our school today. 2. How many _(potato)and_(tomato) would you like ?3. You should brush your _(tooth) every day.4. Look ! The cat is running after two _(mouse).5. When spring comes , all the _(leaf) turn green.6. Many people lost their _(life) in the accident, including four _ (child).7. Look at those _(woman) in white. They are all _(woman teacher) in our school.8. Computer is one of the greatest _(invent).I cant imagine life without it.9.There are so many shoes in the shop. Can you help me make a _(decide) to buy a pair? 10. Danny has learned a _(safe)rule: Never catch a falling dinosaur.11.My uncle isnt home. He has gone to England on _(busy).12.Mrs. Brown is too fat. She eats little because she wants to lose _(weigh). 13.The whole _(long) of the street is about 400 metres.14.All of us were surprised at his _(die).15.There are many _(different) between the two new words.16.This is one of the tallest _(build) in our city.17. Do you know whats the_(mean) of this word?18. Liu Xiang is the _(proud) of our country.19. Jim didnt come to school this morning because of his _(ill).20. The tree is about 30 metres in _(high).21. Potry is a good way to expree our _(think) and _(feel).22. If you know English well, youll have more _ (succeed) in business.23. Thank you for your _(invite).24. At the _(begin) of the twentieth century, the population of the world was quite small.25. I think _(healthy) is much more important than money. 26. _(smoke) is not allowed in some public places.27. With the _(develop) of the agriculture, the lives of the farmers are getting better and better.28. In China people shake hands in _(greet) when they meet each other.29. My mother works in a library. She is a _(library).30. You could be a successful farmer-your education keeps your _(choose) open.B.根据首字母或汉语提示补全单词。1.There is no _(桥) over the river and we have to cross it by boat.2.He did very well in the exam. He made few _(错误).3.Mr. Green gave us some good_(建议) on how to learn English well.4. Sams uncle is a _(战士).He has been in the army for 20 years.5.Mr. Green is such a good teacher with 30 years teaching _(经验)that we all like him. 6. Youve lived in Beijing for many days. How is the _(天气)here ?7.My sister is a nurse. She is very kind to all her _(病人).8.If you know English , youll have more _(成功) in business.9. You mustnt take these books and _(杂志)out of the library.10.The harder you work, the better _(结果) youll get.11. My father is poor. He doesnt have much_(钱).12.This is one of the tallest _(塔) I have ever seen.13. Helen Keller was famous for her hard work and _(勇气).14.The _(价格) of this kind of computer is so high that we cant afford it.15.-What does he often have for dinner? -Fish , rice and some _(蔬菜).16.The woman moved to another town after her _(丈夫) died.17.Li Ming cut his finger and _(鲜血)came out.18.The _(政府) of China has taken many measures to stop pollution.19. His uncle bought some _(家具) yesterday.20.We should try our best to protect our _ (环境).21.When he was fifty, he began to learn _(俄语).22. Many of us like _(地理) and physics.23. So far I have collected more than 1,000_ (邮票).24. Could you tell me your friend Lindas _(地址)?25.I dont think these _(文章) are interesting?26. Its said that his brother is a famous _(律师).27. To our surprise, the man can speak seven _ (语言).28. We all dont know the _ (意思) of the word.29.In his spare time Yuan Longping likes playing the _(小提琴).30. Id like a cup of coffee with _(食糖)in it I prefer sweet taste.31. China is a country with a long _(历史).32. When he saw the boy was in danger, Edison rushed out and carried him to _(安全).33. If our school team wins the last two _(比赛), we will be the top.34. I think true _(友谊) is much more important than money.35. Computers are wonderful _(机器). They can do a lot of things.36. -I lost the key to the door. Can you use some _(工具) to open it? -OK, Let me have a try.37. I think Yaoming and Liuxiang are _(英雄) of China.38. To have a cleaner school, we should pick up the _(垃圾) when we see it.39.Today is very sunny. Would you like to have a _ (野餐) with us ?C.根据首字母提示，补全单词。1.Take the m_three times a day and youll recover soon.2.The Chinese people love p_ but hate war.3.The p_of China is larger than that of India.4.My sister is a nurse, she works in a h_.5.If you dont know a word, you may look it up in a d_.6.Two cars crashed. A man was badly hurt in the a_.7.Today is the Spring Festival. There are many g_ in my home.8. Do you know the d_between these two words?9. Jim isnt in right now, Can I take a m_ for you ?10. On my birthday, I usually get many p_.11. Sixty minutes is an hour and fifteen minutes is a q _.12.-Whats the w_like today in Jiuquan? -Its sunny.13.-Whats the t_ today? -Its 38 degrees.14.Our teacher told us that Giant Pandas live on b_.15.There are sixty s_in a minute.16.Over seventy percent of the s_of the earth is covered with water.17. The Pacific is the largest o_in the world.18. The h_of the mountain is about 3,516 metres.19. Look! Miss Smith is watering the f_in the garden.20. Smoking is a bad habit. Its bad for peoples h_.21. His mother is cooking in the k_now.22. When you need the nurses help in the hospital, please push the red b_ on the wall.23.Dont be afraid to talk with foreigners. Its a good C_ to practise your spoken English.24. In this zoo there are a lot of a_, such as monkeys,tigers andbirds.25. -Shall we meet on W_ or Thursday? -Either day is OK with me. D.易混名词选择.1.We can get much _on the internet. A. photo B. ideas C. message D. information2.-Wheres Mary, Lily? -She left a _saying that she has something to do. A. message B. letter C. excuse D. sentence3. There is good _ for you. Ive found your lost watch. A. news B. ideas C. messages D. thoughts4.-How well she sings ! -Yes, she has a very sweet _. A. voice B. sound C. noise D. mouth5. Tom regards Tianjin as his second _ because he has been here for over ten years. A. family B. hometown C. house D. country6. -Could you move over a little and make some _for me ? -Sure, please. A. place B. seat C. room D. ground7.-Can I have a try? -Sure, It doesnt _if you give me a wrong answer. A. matter B. trouble C. mind D. care8. -Please give me a _when you arrive. -OK. Ill tell you everything as soon as I get there. A.ring B.present C. hand D. ride9. -What happened to you this morning? -The teacher asked me for my _ when I was late again. A.meaning B.idea C. excuse D.answer10.You should read the _carefully before taking the medicine.A. experience B. answers C. instructions D. inventions11. Lily wants to be a singer. She thinks its an interesting _.A. work B.job C.are D. choice12. Lucy tried her best to find a good job in her city, but she had no _. A. trouble B. idea C. luck D. time13. Youd better do morning _every day. Its good to have lots of _. A. exercise ; exercise B. exercises ; exercises C. exercise ; exercises D. exercises ; exercise14. -How can I tell one tree from another? -You can tell them by the _of their leaves. A. shape B. size C. age D. Color15.Help yourself to _. A. some chickens B. a chicken C. some chicken D. any chicken16. After moving to their new house, the Lees bought some _in the mall nearby. A.furniture B. chair C. table D. shelfE.选择改错1.Mrs. Green gave us _on how to learn English well. A. some advices B. many advices C. some advice D. an advice 2.-Good morning, madam. Can I help you? -Sure, Id like _ for cooking vegetables. A. two cups of tea B. two pieces of bread C. two bowl of dumplings D. two kilos of oil3. -How many _are there in your factory? -Many. A. Germen B. Japanese C. Australian D. Englishmans4. All the _enjoyed themselves on March 8th because it was their own holiday. A. woman teachers B. women teacher C. women teachers D. woman teacher5.-What can I do for you? -Id like several _and some pears. A. potato B. fish C. meat D. banana6.-Whats in the _? -There are some _and _in them.A. photos; potatos; radio B. photos ; potatoes ; radiosC. photoes; potatos ; radios D. photos ; potatoes ; radioes7. There is a lot of _in the street.Be careful when you cross the street.A. police B. people C. thieves D. traffic8. -Would you like _coffee? -No, thanks. Ive drunk two _. A. any ; bottles of orange B. little ; bottle of orangesC. some ; bottles of orangeD. a few ; bottle of orange三、名词所有格【考点直击】名词所有格中考主要考查有生命的所有格的基本用法及双重所有格的用法。【考点梳理】名词所有格表示人或物的所有关系。有两种表示形式：一种是s所有格,另一种是of / to所有格：(一)表示有生命的人或物的名词所有格。A.在单数名词后加“s ”.Marys present Jims parents Fathers / Mothers Day B.在以“s”结尾的复数名词之后只加“ ”构成。例如：Teachers Day twenty minut