信息检索终极报告 2015.12.30.doc

海洋盐差能姓名： 周兴宇 学号：1353231一、课题简介：在海水和江河水相交汇处，还蕴含着一种鲜为人知的盐差能。据估算，地球上存在着26亿千瓦可利用的盐差能，其能量甚至比温差能还要大。海洋盐差能发电的设想是1939年由美国人首先提出的。盐差能发电的原理是：当把两种浓度不同的盐溶液倒在同一容器中时，那么浓溶液中的盐类离子就会自发地向稀溶中扩散，直到两者浓度相等为止。所以，盐差能发电，就是利用两种含盐浓度不同的海水化学电位差能，并将其转换为有效电能。二、数据库检索策略与检索结果：按数据库分别列出每个数据库的检索式和检索结果，格式如下：（一）、中文数据库：1维普数据库 检索式：海洋盐差能检索结果，共检索到 5 篇，其中 3 篇和课题相关 1）题名：逆向电渗析法海水盐差能发电工艺研究Study on Salinity Gradient Power Generation by Reverse Electrodialysis作者：赵严 ;胡梦青 ;阮慧敏 ;沈江南。来源：过滤与分离 2015年第0卷第1期 5-8页,共5页文摘：采用逆电渗析法技术对反渗透浓排水进行浓差发电,考察了浓溶液和稀溶液的浓度比、浓溶液与稀溶液流向、离子交换膜类型、反渗透浓海水和模拟海水等对逆电渗析发电装置功率密度的影响。结果表明：在其它条件相同情况下,随着溶液的浓度比增加,功率密度也随之增加;低面电阻高渗透选择性的离子交换膜具有高的功率密度;采用并流的方式所得到的功率密度比错流的高;反渗透浓海水中的多价离子对逆电渗析海水盐差能发电功率密度有一定的影响。The usage of reverse osmosis drainage for power generation was investigated by reverse electrodialysis method.System experiments were carried out to study the effects of many factors on the power density of reverse electrodilaysis power device, including the concentration ratio and the flow directions of the concentrated solution and the dilute solution, the type of ionexchange membrane, RO concentrated solution and simulated seawater as concentration solution. The experiment results indicated that the power density increased with the increasing concentration ratio of the solutions; the ion exchange membrane with low surface resistance and high permeability selectivity had high power density; power density resulting from the co-current was higher than that of counter-current; the multivalent ions in RO concentrated seawater had a certain influence on the power density.2）题名：海洋盐差能来源：能源与节能 2013年第11期 189-189页,共1页文摘：在海水和江河水相交汇处，还蕴含着一种鲜为人知的盐差能。据估算，地球上存在着26108 kW可利用的盐差能，其能量甚至比温差能还要大。海洋盐差能发电的设想是1939年由美国人首先提出的。3)题名：海洋盐差能来源：能源与节能 2011年第6期 61-61页,共1页摘要：在海水和江河水相交汇处,还蕴含着一种鲜为人知的盐差能。据估算,地球上存在着26108 kW可利用的盐差能,其能量甚至比温差能还要大。海洋盐差能发电的设想是1939年由美国人首先提出的。盐差能发电的原理是：当把2种浓度不同的盐溶液倒在同一容器中时,那么浓溶液中的盐类离子就会自发地向稀溶中扩散,直到两者浓度相等为止。所以,盐差含盐浓度不同的海水化学电位差能，并将其转换为有效电能2 .万方数据库 检索式：海洋盐差能检索结果，共检索到 2 篇，其中 2 篇和课题相关 1）题名：ADCP在海洋盐差能调查中的应用作者：周庆伟来源：第二届中国海洋可再生能源发展年会暨论坛论文集文摘：我国海洋盐差能蕴藏量丰富。但是海洋盐差能调查的方法并不明确,尤其是江河入海口处淡水径流量的调查方法。使用声学多普勒海流剖面仪1 (Acous tic Doppler Current Profiler,即ADCP)进行流量测验已经在水利部门有广泛的应用。但是海洋盐差能主要集中在我国江河入海口,受潮汐影响很大,无法准确地获得淡水径流量的数据。通过实践,积累了宝贵的经验,只要选择合适的调查断面和时次,就可以减少潮汐的影响。因此ADCP完全可以应用到海洋盐差能调查中,提高盐差能调查的精度和效率。2）题名：反电渗析法海洋盐差电池的结构优化与能量分析作者：邓会宁；田明； 杨秀丽；何云飞来源：化工学报2015, (5)文摘：盐差能是存在于海水和淡水之间或者两种含盐浓度不同的海水之间的化学位差能，是以化学能形态存在的海洋能。反电渗析法是一种利用盐差能发电的方法，相比于其他方法，具有更高的能量密度。但是，目前对反电渗析法盐差电池的研究均限于小尺寸膜堆，放大实验发现功率密度显著降低，对过程的能量效率更少有分析。因此，对反电渗析法海洋盐差能利用过程进行数学模拟，对膜堆进行结构优化，研究在不同的结构参数下反电渗析盐差电池的功率密度和能量效率。结果表明，减小隔板厚度可以很大程度地提高反电渗析过程的功率密度和能量效率，增加RED装置的长度会获得较高的能量效率，但是平均功率密度有所降低。Abstract：Salinity gradient power is a kind of chemical potential energy which exists between sea water and fresh water or water with different salt concentrations. Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is a process that transfers the salinity gradient to energy. Compared with other process, RED shows higher energy density. However, the studies on RED are limited to small membrane stacks. Experiments with a larger setup show that power density decreases significantly. Moreover, there is little research on the energy efficiency analysis of the RED process. In this paper, the energy transfer process of RED was simulated mathematically and the structure of the membrane stack was optimized. The power density and energy efficiency of RED at different structural parameters were also analyzed. Decreasing the thickness of the compartment could enhance both power density and energy efficiency greatly. Increasing flow length could result in higher energy efficiency, but average power density would decrease.3.中国知网 检索式：海洋盐差能检索结果，共检索到 2 篇，其中 2 篇和课题相关 1）题名：海洋盐差能来源：能源知识 （2011年06期）文摘：在海水和江河水相交汇处,还蕴含着一种鲜为人知的盐差能。据估算,地球上存在着26108 kW可利用的盐差能,其能量甚至比温差能还要大。海洋盐差能发电的设想是1939年由美国人首先提出的。盐差能发电的原理是:当把2种浓度不同的盐溶液倒在同一容器中时,那么浓溶液中的盐类离子就会自发地向稀溶中扩散,直到两者浓度相等为止。所以,盐差能发电,就是利用2种含盐浓度发电。2）题名：海洋盐差能来源：能源知识 （2013年11期）文摘：在海水和江河水相交汇处,还蕴含着一种鲜为人知的盐差能。据估算,地球上存在着26108kW可利用的盐差能,其能量甚至比温差能还要大。海洋盐差能发电的设想是1939年由美国人首先提出的。科学家经过周密的计算后发现在17时,如果有1 mol盐类从浓溶液中扩散到稀溶液中去,就会释放出5 500 J的能量来,科学家由此设想:只要有大量浓度不同的溶液可供混合,就将会释放出巨大的能量来。经过进一步计算还发现,如果利用海洋盐分的浓度差来发电，将不可限量。（二）、外文数据库： 1、 SPRINGERLINK 检索式：ocean salinity energy检索结果，共检索到 20702 篇，其中 35 篇和课题相关 1）Title：Control of Estuarine Salinities by Coastal Ocean SalinityAuthor(s)：William J. WisemanJr., E. M. Swenson, F. J. KellySource：Residual Currents and Long-term Transport Volume 38 of the series Coastal and Estuarine Studies pp 184-193Abstract：Shelf-estuarine exchange along the Louisiana coast is known to be dominated by barotropic, tidal and sub-tidal exchanges. Simple regression of the estuarine salinities against Mississippi River discharge and cross-spectrum analysis do not produce a successful hindcast of the observations. Parsimonious auto-regressive, moving-average predictive models of the weekly-averaged salinity data are quite skillful in hindcasting the measurements. These models are generally consistent with a conceptual model in which Mississippi River discharge alters coastal salinities and this salinity signal propagates downcoast and then up-estuary.2）Title：Evolution of Sediment Fluxes and Ocean SalinityAuthor(s)：William W. Hay, Christopher N. Wold, Emanuel Sding, Sascha FloegelSource：Geologic Modeling and Simulation Part of the series Computer Applications in the Earth Sciences pp 153-167Abstract：Knowledge of the rates of geological processes is an important aspect of basin modeling. Much of the surficial geology of the Earth is the result of erosion and deposition of sediment. Inspection of the inventory of sediments and sedimentary rocks existing today indicates that the global rates of these processes have changed markedly during the Phanerozoic.2、SCIENCEDIRECK检索式：ocean salinity energy检索结果，共检索到 28310 篇，其中 22 篇和课题相关 1）Title：Establishing a legal research agenda for ocean energyAuthor(s)：Glen Wrighta, b, , , Anne Marie OHaganc, Jiska de Grootd, Yannick Leroye, Niko Soininenf, Rachael Salcidog, Montserrat Abad Castelosh, Simon Judei, Julien Rochettea, Sandy KerrjSource：Marine Policy Volume 63, January 2016, Pages 126134Abstract：The literature on ocean energy has, to date, largely focussed on technical, environmental, and, increasingly, social and political aspects. Legal and regulatory factors have received far less attention, despite their importance in supporting this new technology and ensuring its sustainable development. Building on the social sciences research agenda developed by the International network for Social Studies of Marine Energy (ISSMER) and published inEnergy Policy, a complementary agenda for legal research linked to ocean energy was set out. Key directions for future research structured around the core themes of marine governance: (i) international law; (ii) environmental impacts; (iii) rights and ownership; (iv) consenting processes; and (v) management of marine space and resources were identified.2）Title：Effects of salinity on the reproductive performance of Apocyclops royi (Copepoda, Cyclopoida)Author(s)：Yen-Ju Pana, b, Anissa Souissib, Sami Souissib, , , Jiang-Shiou Hwanga, ,Source：Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology Volume 475, February 2016, Pages 108113Abstract：The cyclopoid copepod Apocyclops royi is a dominant species in inland saline ponds and estuarine areas in southern Taiwan. Although it is an ideal live prey candidate for larval fish feed because of its short life cycle, small body size, and easy maintenance, the ecology of the species is poorly documented. In this study, we conducted a series of individual and population experiments to investigate the effects of salinity on the reproductive performance of A. royi. In the population experiments, 8 ovigerous females were cultivated in an 800-mL culture medium at designated salinities (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35) for 14 days, after which the population growth, composition of different developmental stages, and clutch size of adult females were quantified. Subsequently, individual experiments were conducted to test the salinity effects (0, 10, 20, and 30) on the nauplii and clutch production of 12 pairs of copepods over 14 days. The results showed that salinity significantly affected the reproduction of A. royi, and that 20 was the optimal salinity for attaining their highest productivity. In the population experiments, significantly lower population growth rates were obtained at the extreme salinity treatments (0 and 5, and 30 and 35). However, a reduced clutch size was revealed only at salinities 0 and 5. In the individual experiments, a significantly lower nauplii and clutch production was found at salinities 0 and 30. Salinity had varying influences on A. royi across its different developmental stages. Our findings revealed the reproductive patterns of A. royi under different salinity conditions and indicated how salinity may affect A. royi in their natural habitat. The results offer a crucial recommendation on the manipulated processes for larval feeding in marine and brackish aquaculture hatcheries.4、PQDT检索式：ocean salinity energy检索结果，共检索到 400 篇，其中 68 篇和课题相关 1）Title：Adaptive Wavelet-Based Ocean Circulation ModelingAuthor(s)：Reckinger, Shanon M., Ph.DSource：DAI-B 72/11, May 2012Abstract：Ocean modeling is a crucial component in understanding our climate system. The advancement of the numerical methods used for ocean modeling is the focus of this dissertation. In this work, an integrated approach for modeling common ocean test problems, western boundary currents, and tsunamis on adaptive grids using novel boundary techniques is considered. The use of the adaptive wavelet collocation method is explored for these ocean problems. This method solves the governing equations on temporally and spatially varying meshes, which allows higher effective resolution to be obtained with less computational cost. In addition to developing wavelet-based computational models, this work also sets out to improve the representation of continental topology and bottom bathymetry through several extensions of the Brinkman volume penalization methods. Due to the complicated geometry inherent in ocean boundaries, the stair-step representation used in the majority of current global ocean circulation models causes accuracy and numerical stability problems. Brinkman penalization is a numerical technique used to enforce no slip boundary conditions through the addition of a term to the governing equations. When coupled with the adaptive wavelet collocation method, the flow near the boundary can be well resolved. It is especially useful for simulations of boundary currents and tsunamis, where flow near the boundary is important. This thesis can be viewed as a proof of concept. The general foundation is established for future, more specific, applications.2）Title：Evolution of the Peconic Estuary Oyster Terrain Long Island, NYAuthor(s)：Kinney, Juliet West, Ph.D.Source：DAI-B 73/12(E), Jun 2013Abstract：This study of the relict Oyster Terrain in the Peconic Estuary of Long Island, NY using multibeam bathymetry, chirp sonar and sample analysis provides a history of estuarine evolution over thousands of years. More than 10,000 relict oyster reefs are exposed as mounds on the seabed within the Peconic Estuary, with more mounds imaged below the sediment surface. The tops of these relict oyster reefs are at water depths of 6 m - 18 m and reef thicknesses of up to 6 m suggest active reef building over a few thousand years. At 28 psu, the present estuary is too saline for natural populations of the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica , to survive although transplanted oysters will grow. Morphological and shell data tell of a time when crowded oyster reefs once dominated the area; however, there has been a natural evolution in the Holocene to an environment where oysters are rare. Shells from relict oyster reefs provide the opportunity for a more detailed environmental reconstruction of this important transition through 14 C dating and geochemical proxies such as 87 Sr 86 Sr (salinity) and 226 226 (submarine groundwater discharge). Reefs persisted in the Peconic Estuary despite rising salinities until 1,350 years ago. Relict shells were compared to modern aquaculture shells grown in Peconic oyster farms. Submarine groundwater discharge seems to have dramatically decreased over time within the estuary according to concentrations of 226 Ra recorded in several sample shells. Sr isotope measurements indicate past variability in salinity was also captured in the relict shells. The era of abundant oyster reefs ended gradually suggesting that there was a gradual evolution to conditions that did not favor oyster survival. Surprisingly, the oyster reefs were growing in slightly deeper water than we anticipated before dying off. The youngest reefs were in only 2.5 m of water 1,350 years ago; however, the oldest exposed reef tops we dated would have been active in 10 m of water some 2,350 years ago. Our results suggest that oysters may have thrived in deeper waters more abundantly in the past than in modern stressed estuaries.5、欧洲知识产权局（/）、检索式：ocean salinity energy检索结果，共检索到 16 篇，其中 7 篇和课题相关 1）Title：Autoclave technology salinity difference energy generating setInventor(s)：GONG XIWU; SHEN YAJUN +Applicant(s)：UNIV ZHEJIANG OCEAN +Abstract：The utility model provides an autoclave technology salinity difference energy generating set and belongs to the technical field of generating plant. The autoclave technology salinity difference energy generating set comprises a reaction room, a motor, a fresh water inlet pipe, a solar heater, a sea water inlet pipe, a water-pouring type condenser, a separator and a turbine. The fresh water inlet pipe is arranged on the lower left portion of the reaction room, the sea water inlet pipe is arranged on the lower right portion of the reaction room, the upper portion of the reaction room is connected with one end of the water pouring type condenser through a pipe, the other end of the water pouring type condenser is connected with one end of the solar heater through a pipe, the other end of the solar heater is connected with the fresh water inlet pipe through a pipe, the separator is installed in the middle of the reaction room, the motor is arranged in the outer side of the reaction room, a shaft of the motor penetrates into reaction room and is installed with the turbine, and the turbine is located between the reaction room and the separator. The autoclave technology salinity difference energy generating set adds the solar heater, manufactures the separator into concavo-convex and bending shape, and the combined action of the solar heater and the separator enables the system to work effectively and circularly for a long time.2）Title：Ocean thermal energy conversion hydro well apparatus Inventor(s)：JENSEN ROBERT KUS +Applicant(s)：JENSEN ROBERT KUS +Abstract：An apparatus is disclosed to generate electricity using ocean thermal and salinity gradients. An elongated chamber extends vertically downward from the surface of the ocean. Warm, high-salinity water from the ocean surface flowing by gravity down the apparatus is used to drive a turbine and electrical generator. Air bubbles are introduced into the flow at the upper opening of the apparatus. This air is subject to hydraulic compression as the water falls. The flow of sea water and air passes through a cooling tube near the bottom of the apparatus where it is cooled to the temperature of ambient sea water at that depth. The flow then enters a chamber where the air and water are allowed to separate. Because of its greater density than the ambient sea water at that depth, the water in the chamber tends to flow out exhaust ports located at the bottom of the chamber. Excess air pressure held in the chamber can either be used to operate a booster pump to increase the flow through the turbine, or to assist in exhausting water from the separation chamber.四、课题综述：盐差能是指海水和淡水之间或两种含盐浓度不同的海水之间的化学电位差能，是以化学能形态出现的海洋能。主要存在与河海交接处。同时，淡水丰富地区的盐湖和地下盐矿也可以利用盐差能。盐差能是海洋能中能量密度最大的一种可再生能源。 地球上存在着26亿千瓦可利用的盐差能，其能量甚至比温差能还要大。海洋盐差能发电的设想是1939年由美国人首先提出的。盐差能发电的原理是：当把两种浓度不同的盐溶液倒在同一容器中时，那么浓溶液中的盐类离子就会自发地向稀溶中扩散，直到两者浓度相等为止。所以，盐差能发电，就是利用两种含盐浓度不同的海水化学电位差能，并将其转换为有效电能。科学家经过周密的计算后发现在17时，如果有1摩尔盐类从浓溶液中扩散到稀溶液中去，就会释放出5500焦的能量来，科学家由此设想：只要有大量浓度不同的溶