（备考词汇专攻）中考英语小复习 211220（10份10组专题）.doc

（备考词汇专攻）2015届中考英语小复习 211-220（10份10组专题）211hare/ rabbit. hare “野兔”比rabbit大，不打洞栖身。如： that is a hare. 那是只野兔。. rabbit 指“野兔”时，比hare小，不打洞栖身。它也可指家兔。如 i saw a rabbit hole. 我看到一个野兔洞。 he came back with a couple of rabbits and a hare. 他带了一对家兔和一只野兔回来。212harm/ hurt. harm 与hurt 均有“伤害”之意，但二者有区别： harm 用面较广，往往暗示“不良的后果”， 所指伤害往往是抽象、笼统的。 hurt 往往暗示“肉体上疼痛或精神上的不快”其宾语常常是身体上一部分的名词，所指的伤害是具体的。可见的。 the nose of machines harmed their hearing.机器的噪声伤害了他们的听力。 he hurt his back when he fell. 他跌倒时伤了背。213have been to / have been in / have gone to. have been to 表示：“曾经到过某处”但目前人未在那儿。如： where have you been? 你到哪儿去了？（现在已回来）i have been to beijing. 我去北京了。（现不在北京） i have never been there before, have i? 我以前从未去过那儿，是吗？. have been in 表示：“去了某地，并曾在那儿（一段时间），或现在仍在那儿。 she has been in shanghai for a few weeks. . have gone to 表示：“去了”指人已经走了，（至少目前不在说话的地点，在去的途中或已经到目的地）。如： kate isnt at home, she has gome to school. 凯特不在家，她上学去了。（在路上或已经在学校了）。 she isnt here, she has gone to nanjing. 她不在这儿，她去南京了。214have sth done/ have sb done/have sb do sth/ have sb(sth) doing/ have sb(sth) +prep . have sth done “让某事被做”如：ill have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要去理发。（让别人理）。. have sh done。“让某人被”如：he had me whipped. 他叫人用鞭子打我。（让别人打）. have sb do sth. “让某人做某事”如：i will have uncle wang repair my tv. 我要让王叔叔修理我的电视机。. have sb./ sth. doing “让某人/ 某物处于某种状态。如： dont have the students studying all day. 别整天让学生們学习。 they had the machine working all day and all night. 他们让这机器整日整夜地工作。. have sb./ sth. +介词短语或副词，如： the teacher had her students in the classroom.老师让学生留在教室里。 have her here! 让她到这儿来。215have to / must. have to “必须”往往着重于客观的需要，含有不得不的意味。如： do you have to see a doctor today? 你今天要去看医生吗？ it was late and we have to stay at home. 时间已晚，我们只得呆在家里。. must “必须 ”往往着重于主观上认为有义务，有必要。如： we must work hard. 我们必须努力工作。 we must go. 我必须去。216have/ own. have “有”表人与物/人，物与物之间存在的“所有；所属”的关系。有时人不一定是物/人的主人。如： i have an english book here. 我这儿有一本英语书。 do you have any money with you? 你带有钱吗？. own 用于较正式场合，强调“（合法地）拥有”某物的所有权，主语一定是该物的主人。如： i own a bike. 我有一辆自行车。 who owns the car? 这辆小汽车是谁的？217head/ brains. head 指外表看得见的，有形的“头”。如：dont hit the boy on the head. 别打那孩子的头。. brains 指抽象的，无形的“脑力、智力”。注use ones head 和 use ones brains含义基本相同。brains 常作单数看。218hear/ hear of/ hear from. hear “听见”指听力，强调听的结果。如： i often hear lucy sing in the next room. hear of “听说”强调间接听到有关某人的情况或得到消息。有时可用about 代替of，意义无多大的区别。如： we are all glad to hear of your success. 听到你成功的消息，我们都很高兴。 have you heard of her lately? 你最近听到她什么情况吗？. hear from “接到的来信（电话等）”如： hope to hear from you soon. 希望你早点来信。 we have not heard from him since he left. 自从他离开后，我们一直没有收到他的来信。219hear/ listen. hear “听到”强调听的结果。不一定是有意识的。如： can you hear me? 你能听见我说话吗？ i heard her voice but i didnt bother to listen to what he was saying. 我听到了她的声音，但并不用心去听她说的是什么。. listen “听”强调倾听的动作，当然未必能听到什么。是不及物动词，接宾语时常与介词to连用。如： listen! what do you hear what she is saying? 听！你听见她在说些什么？ we listened attentively for a long time but heard nothing. 我们仔细地听了半天，但什么也没听到。220heaven/ sky. heaven “天、天国、天堂”与earth和 hell（地狱）相对。在文学语言中，它也可以指天空，常用算数形式。如： the commune members are fighting heaven and earth. 社员们在战天斗地。 he looked at the starry heavens = he is looking at starry sky. 他瞧着布满星星的天空。. sky “天、天空”，一般用作单数。但在文学语言中，有时也用算数形式（skies