（青海专版）中考英语命题研究 第三部分 中考题型攻略篇 题型四 阅读理解 类型一 选择型试题.doc

题型四阅读理解类型一选择型,青海五年中考命题规律及趋势编者按：在近5年青海中考试题中，阅读理解均为4选1的选择型，并且每年都会涉及图画或表格，以增强试题的趣味性。话题涉及广泛，文体以记叙文和说明文为主，词数均在160270之间。考查方式以细节理解题为主，通常会涉及词义猜测、主旨大意、数字计算、推理判断、标题归纳等能力测试。设题方式以挖空为主，穿插问题型，也有全部设置为挖空型的。记叙文的话题以故事类为主，包括人物故事、幽默故事、励志故事、教育故事等，以道德教育为目的，每年至少有一篇涉及该话题。说明文以介绍类为主，包括饮食健康、跨文化交际、咨询建议、社会执法等，内容涉及广泛。广告图表类的阅读理解一方面增加了试题的趣味性，另一方面多贴近生活实际，能教会学生一定的英语生活运用能力。分析近5年青海试题可知，广告图表类涉及较多的是34组不同的小广告或图表组合，所涉及的内容多贴近人们的社会生活或是一些奇闻轶事。,解题方法与技巧阅读技能是考查学生能力的一种重要方式，主要考查考生对阅读材料的理解能力、对材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。考生只有较快地读懂材料，抓住短文大意，获取关键信息，才能对阅读问题作出正确的判断。要高效地做好阅读技能题，必须分清类型、对症下药，还要运用一定的解题技巧，才能将各类阅读问题轻松搞定。一、阅读原文，理解大意首先通读原文，捕捉文中所提供的信息，抓住文章大意，理清文章脉络。二、审读题目，正确判断读懂短文内容后再审读题目，把握每个问题的含义，通过寻读法在原文中找出与每个问题相关的关键词，然后寻找该关键词在文章中所在的句子及段落，依据短文内容对试题所给出的问题判断得出正确答案。常见阅读技能的考查方式有以下几种形式：细节理解题；推理判断题；词义猜测题；主旨大意题；标题归纳题。三、重读原文，复读检查完成各个小题后必须将短文重读一遍，加深对短文的理解，在此基础上对每一道题中似是而非的句子，一定要重新认真识别。(2016青海中考6165题)i am a karate(空手道) player.i still remember my first karate competition.like other players，i was very excited about my event.i watched every players techniques(技巧) so that i could carefully avoid their moves.somehow i got into the semifinals.in the semifinals，i got injured.i still didnt give up and got into finals.after all，getting the gold medal was my dream.in the final competition，there were no supporters on my side，as i was a new face.instead，the crowd was cheering for my opponent.i could hear only my opponents name.i ignored the crowds cheering.i kept one thing in mind：focus，wait and attack.i had confidence in myself，and i knew that no matter how strong my opponent was，i had to do my best and fight well.when the time was up，i was leading with a 30 score.one thing i learned from that event is，no matter how strong your opponent is，dont think you are weak or strong.just give your best shot，and you will make your way to success.win or lose，you will learn from every step you take.( )1.the writer felt _ when he took part in his first karate competition.adisappointedbexcitedcnervousdscared( )2.the writer _ in the semifinals.awas injured bgave up fightingcwas beaten dgot the gold medal( )3.a lot of fans came to the final competition and cheered for _.athe writer bthe writers great dreamcthe opponent dthe opponents victory( )4.according to the passage，what made the writer win?agood preparation. bhaving a dream.cselfconfidence. dall of the above.( )5.in the passage，the writer implies(暗示) _.ahow we can do well in a competitionbwhat is the fast way to get a gold medal in a competitioncits useful to study techniques before a competitiondits important to learn something and get experiences from what you do【主旨大意】本文讲述了作者通过自己的努力，一步一步登上了空手道比赛冠军的领奖台的故事。给人以启迪：人生中无论是赢还是输，你会从每一步中学到很多东西。1b【解析】从文中“i was very excited about my event.”可以看出作者第一次参加空手道比赛心情很激动。2a【解析】从文中第二段“in the semifinals，i got injured.”可以看出作者在半决赛时受伤了。3c【解析】从文中第三段中，在总决赛时，因为作者是一个新面孔，没有支持者，相反,“the crowd was cheering for my opponent.”人群为我的对手加油。4d【解析】本题属于理解性题目，需要进行总结，从第一段“i watched every players techniques so that i could carefully avoid their moves.”可以看出作者赛前准备充分，又从第二段“after all，getting the gold medal was my dream.”可以看出作者怀抱梦想，最后从第四段中“i had confidence in myself.”说明作者很自信，正是因为以上三个方面，使得作者赢得比赛。5d【解析】推理判断题。由最后一段“win or lose，you will learn from every step you take.”可知，作者认为从你所做的事情中学习和获得经验很重要。现学现用passage 1(2016青海中考6670题)vaccines(疫苗)should keep people healthy and away from the fear of diseases.however，some problematic vaccines found in china have caused big worries and anger among people recently.since 2011，12 types of vaccines，such as vaccines for rabies and the flu，have been sold illegally in 24 provinciallevel areas.together they are worth more than 570 million yuan and were sold by a mother and daughter crime(犯罪)team.the mother，surnamed pang，once worked at a hospital in shandong.after leaving the hospital，pang began to sell vaccines without a license.qualified companies made the vaccines，but pang did not keep them at a low temperature.as a result，the vaccines could lose their effect.pang and some other criminals have already been arrested.local governments are still tracing(追踪)the problematic vaccines in different areas.although the governments are working on the case，it has caused worries in the public.some parents worry that the problematic vaccines could be toxic(有毒的)and refuse to take their children to get vaccinated in hospitals.but according to the world health organization，there is little risk of these vaccines，and they are seldom toxic.the who still encourages parents to protect their childrens health through vaccination.( a )1.how many types of problematic vaccines have been found in china?a12.b24.c570.dnot mentioned.( c )2.in paragraph 3，the phrase “lost their effect” means _.a有毒 b有害 c失效 d丢弃( b )3.why did the vaccines lose the effect?abecause they were made by unqualified companies.bbecause they were not kept at a low temperature.cbecause they were sold by people without a license.dbecause they were not sold in the hospitals.( a )4.according to the passage，which of the following is not true?athe problematic vaccines are toxic.bthe problematic vaccines have caused big worries and anger among people.clocal governments are still looking for the problematic vaccines in different areas.dsome parents refuse to take their children to get vaccinated in hospitals.( d )5.what is the best title for the passage?akeeping healthy through vaccination.bthe police and criminals.cbig worries and anger. dthe problematic vaccines.passage 2(2016西宁中考4650题)what should we do if one of our classmates suddenly falls ill or gets hurt? here are some steps you should follow.but always remember to look for medical care after first aid(急救)if the wound is serious. broken bones(骨头)：take away clothing from the wound.use an ice pack.dont move the hurt body part while waiting for the doctor to arrive.animal bites(咬伤)：wash the bite area with soap and water.pack the wound with a clean cloth if it is bleeding.if the bleeding has stopped，cover the area with a bandage and take the person to the hospital.make sure you remember what kind of animal it is so the doctor can find the right way to treat him or her at once.fainting(昏厥)：have him or her lie with feet lifted a little.dont move the body if you think there might be wounds from the fall.make sure he or she can breathe and let in fresh air.clean the persons face with a cool cloth.nosebleeds：have the person sit up with his or her head tilted(倾斜)forward a little.do not have the person tilt his or her head back because this may cause heavy breathing or coughing.pinch(捏)the lower part of the nose for at least 10 minutes.( b )1.what should we do first when an animal bite happens?aput an ice pack on the wound.bwash the bite area with soap and water.ctry to stop the bleeding with a clean cloth. dtake the hurt person to the hospital.( c )2.when dealing with the problems of _，we shouldnt move the hurt.abroken bones and animal bites banimal bites and nosebleedscbroken bones and fainting dfainting and nosebleeds( d )3.which of the following is not right when a boys nose bleeds?alet his head not tilt back. blet his head tilt forward a little.clet him sit up. dpinch his nose for less than 10 minutes.( b )4.which part of a magazine may the passage come from?alifestyle. bhealth.csports. deducation.( a )5.whats the main idea of the passage?afirst aid for some accidental wounds. bsteps of looking for medical care.cadvice on ways not to get hurt. dways to ask for help in getting hurt.passage 3(2016天津中考)do you know that in some parts of the world，people build temporary(暂时的)hotels made of snow and blocks(大块)of ice? these are known as ice hotels.unlike usual hotels，all the rooms in the ice hotels are made of ice.in some ice hotels，even the glasses for drinks are made of ice blocks.so they only serve cold drinks.also，hot food is not served in the ice hotels，but guests can eat hot food at places nearby.to keep warm，guests sleep in comfortable sleeping bags on ice blocks that are covered by mattresses(床垫)and reindeer skins(驯鹿皮)there are some places in the ice hotels that are heated，such as the bathrooms.this is because，even though it is not as cold in the ice hotels as it is outdoors(在户外)，indoor temperatures are still very low.perhaps the most interesting thing about the ice hotels is that they are rebuilt every year.they can be us