SAE AMS 2630B翻译.docx

SAE AMS 2630B-1995超声波检验方法ADOPTION NOTICE采用通告SAE-AMS2630, INSPECTION, ULTRASONIC, PRODUCT OVER 0.5 INCH (12.7 MM) THICK, was adopted on 04-APR-95 for use by the Department of Defense (DoD). Proposed changes by DoD activities must be submitted to the DoD Adopting Activity: ASC/ENOI, Building 560, 2530 Loop Road West, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433-7101. Copies of this document may be purchased from the Society of Automotive Engineers 400 Commonwealth Drive Warrendale, Pennsylvania, United States, 15096-0001.海陆空军及航天机动性工业协会航天航空材料使用说明2630号通告，“厚度超过0.5英尺（12.7mm）材料超声波检查方法”由美国国防部 于1995年4月4号正式接受采纳为军方标准，由国防部支持修订。修改活动必须向美国国防部标准采纳部门提交：ASC/ENOI 西环路2530地区560栋大厦，赖特帕特森空军基地，俄亥俄州45433-7101。文件副本可以向美国汽车工业协会购买，沃伦戴尔，美国宾夕法尼亚州，15096-0001。Adopting Activity:采纳部门Air Force 11 空军11号Custodians: Army - AV 管理人 陆军AVNavy SH 海军 SHAir Force 11 空军 11号Reviewer Activities: 评论部门Army MR 陆军 MRNavy - AS 海军 ASAir Force - 68, 99 空军 68 69号DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.发布声明A：经核准后可公开发布，发布无限制。Copyright SAE 版权归海陆空及航天高机动性工业协会AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION航空航天材料说明书Submitted for recognition as an American National Standard 呈递确认为美国国家标准Issued JUN 1960 1960年六月出版Revised MAR 1995 1995年五月修订Superseding AMS 2630A 替代 AMS2630A1. SCOPE使用范围1.1 Purpose:目的This specification covers procedures for ultrasonic inspection, by pulse-echo procedures, of flat, rectangular, round, cylindrical, and contoured products having a thickness or cross-sectional dimension greater than 0.50 inch (12.7 mm), using either contact or immersion methods, and using the longitudinal-wave or shear-wave modes or combinations of the two, as necessary. This specification may apply to testing finished machined parts provided the parts can meet the basic testability requirements, such as size, contour, metallurgical structure, and thickness.该规范涵盖的超声波脉冲回声检查的产品外形包括，扁平的，矩形的，圆片形，圆柱形，产品外形厚度或纵深尺寸大于0.50英尺(12.7 mm)。可以运用接触法或者沉浸法检测，超声波类型可用纵波或横波或者需要时两者可以组合运用。该说明书适用于测试已完工的需要测试基础性能的机械产品部件，例如，尺寸，外形轮廓，冶金组织结构，及厚度等。、1.2 Parts with section thickness both over 0.50 inch (12.7 mm) and 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) and under may be tested using this procedure and AMS 2632, as applicable. 产品截面以0.50英尺 (12.7 mm)为分界点，大于0.50英尺 (12.7 mm) 包含 0.5英尺(12.7 mm)运用该标准，小于0.50英尺 (12.7 mm) 运用 AMS 2632标准。1.3 Application:用途This procedure has been used typically for locating and defining internal defects such as cracks, voids, laminations, and other structural discontinuities which may or may not be exposed to the surface, but usage is not limited to such applications.该检测程序适用于找出和测量各类内部缺陷，例如裂纹，孔隙，夹层，以及其他不能暴露于表面的结构不连续，但用法不限于该类用途。2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS:适用的文献The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order.该说明书的后续出版主要完善各部分的适应细则，最终的的出版将由SAE协会负责，其他出版社要发行的话需要向SAE申请版权。2.1 SAE Publications:Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. 细节可与SAE协会详谈，沃伦戴尔，宾州15096-0001AMS 2632 Inspection, Ultrasonic, of Thin Materials, 0.5 Inch (12.7 mm) and Under Cross-Sectional Thickness航天航空材料使用说明2632标准，关于厚度为0.5英尺（12.7mm）或小于该尺寸的薄材料超声波检查方法SAE J300 Crankcase Oil Viscosity ClassificationSEA协会石油粘性分类标准2.2 ASTM Publications:Available from ASTM, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103-1187.细节与ASTM详谈，费城跑道街1916号 PA 19103-1187.ASTM E 127 Fabricating and Checking Aluminum Alloy Ultrasonic Standard Refe rence BlocksASTM E127，编写和校核铝合金超声波标准参考试块ASTM E 317 Evaluating Performance Characteristics of Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Systems Without the Use of Electronic Measurement InstrumentsASTM E 317超声波脉冲测试在无电子测量器件情况下的动作特性评估。ASTM E 428 Fabrication and Control of Steel Reference Blocks Used in Ultrasonic InspectionASTM E 428 钢铁材料超声波检查参考试块的制作和控制ASTM E 1065 Evaluating Characteristics of Ultrasonic Search UnitsASTM E 1065超声波检查的扫描单元特性的评估2.3 U.S. Government Publications:美国政府出版Available from DODSSP, Subscription Services Desk, Building 4D, 700 Rob bins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.细节联系DODSSP,费城，罗宾斯林荫大道700号，4D写字楼，订阅服务桌MIL-STD-410 Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification and CertificationMIL-STD-410标准，无损检测人员资质和证明2.4 ANSI Publications:美国国家标准化组织出版Available from American National Standards Institute, Inc., 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002.详情联系美国国家标准化组织，纽约西42大道11号，NY 10036-8002.ANSI B46.1 Surface Texture ANSI B46 1表面质感2.5 ASNT Publications:美国无损检测协会出版Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc., 1711 Arlingate Plaza, P.O. Box28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.详情联系美国无损检测协会，1711 Arlingate Plaza, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice, Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive TestingSNT-TC-1A标准 推荐实践，无损检测人员资质及证明3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS:工艺需求3.1 Qualification:资格3.1.1 Personnel: Shall be qualified and certified in accordance with MIL-STD-410. Alternate procedures, such as ASNT-TC-1A or ATA-105, may be used if specified on the drawing or purchase order. It is the suppliers responsibility to ensure that personnel are certified and function within the limits of the applicable specification or procedure.人员：人员资质和资格和MIL-STD-410标准的人员资质保持一致，如果有详细图例和指定订购单，则对应 ASNT-TC-1A 和ATA-105。供应商有义务负责确保检验人员是专业和有资格的并了解检验的各个环节。3.1.2 Facilities: Shall be subject to survey and approval by purchaser of the inspected product. Ultrasonic test facility equipment shall include, but not be limited to, the basic ultrasonic test instrument, search units (transducers), appropriate ultrasonic references, couplant materials, fixtures, reference specifications, and immersion tanks where applicable. Reference specifications and documentation necessary to verify the qualification of equipment and test personnel shall be available upon request.设施：应受调查和检查产品的购买者的批准。超声波检测设施设备，应包括但不限于基本的超声波测试仪器，搜索单位（传感器），适当的超声波参考，耦合剂的材料，装置，参考规格，并在适用的浸泡坦克。参考规格和必要的证件，核实设备和检测人员应要求提供的资格。3.2 Ultrasonic Test System: 超声波测试系统：3.2.1 Basic Ultrasonic Test Instrument: Shall be capable of producing, receiving, amplifying, and displaying on a cathode ray tube (CRT) high frequency signals at specific frequencies as required by the test and shall be of a pulse-reflection (echo), pulse-transmission type. The instrument, if required by the test, shall be capable of being adapted with electronic circuitry, such as flaw gates and distance amplitude corrections. A minimum of a 21 signal-to-noise ratio is required unless otherwise agreed upon by purchaser and vendor.基本超声波检测仪器：所要求的试验仪器信号应是能够产生，接收，放大，并在阴极射线管上显示（CRT）的在特定频率的高频信号，并应具有脉冲反射（回波），脉冲传输的类型设置。该仪器，如果试验要求，应能以电子电路显示，例如缺陷门阀和距离幅度修正，调整。一个21信号最低的信噪比是必须的，除非另有约定的购买者和供应商要求。3.2.1.1 Instrument Linearity: The instrument performance characteristics shall be evaluated in accordance with ASTM E 317 except as follows仪器线性：该仪器的性能特点，应符合ASTM 317的标准，除非按照如下评价3.2.1.1.1 The calibration block used for evaluating vertical linearity shall be as shown in Figure 1.校准块用于评价应垂直线性，如图1所示。3.2.1.1.2 The vertical linearity plot and the tolerance limits shall be as shown in either Figure 2 or Figure 2A.垂直线性情节和所容忍的限度，应在所示图2和图2A。3.2.1.1.3 The horizontal linearity check shall be made by plotting signal displacement against known thickness in the range of 1.0 to 5 inches (25.4 to 127 mm) in 1.0 inch (25.4 mm) increments; the allowable difference in thickness between that indicated by the signal displacement and the actual measured thickness shall be within 3% of the measured thickness of the respective block. Substitute performance checks are permissible when acceptable to purchaser.水平线性检查应由发射在1到5英寸（25.4至127毫米，1.0英寸（25.4毫米）递增，在允许的厚度差别）范围内的信号通过位移厚度之间的反射差和已知的信号对比，位移判断以实测厚度应在 3厚度测量范围来表示。买主接受允许的情况下可有补充性能的检查。 3.2.1.2 Instrument Sensitivity: Instrument sensitivity or gain controls shall function so that a given amount or degree of sensitivity can be repeated or returned to with an accuracy of 10% of the original pip height. If signal attenuators are used, they shall be accurate over the attenuation range and test frequency used so that the attenuation measurement will represent an amplitude ratio within 10% of the correct value. The decibel (dB) attenuation value may be converted to an amplitude ratio by use of tables with dB versus voltage ratios. Alternately, it may be calculated from the relationship in Equation 1.仪器灵敏度：仪器的灵敏度或增益控制功能，能够体现一个给定的数额或敏感程度参数可以重复或返回为原点子高度 10范围的准确度。如果使用了信号衰减器，应当在衰减的准确范围和使用，以便衰减测量将在正确值振幅比的 10范围内的测试频率下进行。分贝（dB）衰减值可以转换成通过与分贝与电压表使用的比率幅度比1。或者，它可能在计算公式1的关系。3.2.1.3 Voltage Regulation: If fluctuations in line voltage cause variations in the displayed signal amplitude or sweep length of 5% or greater, a power source voltage regulator shall be used. If fluctuations persist, proper adjustments to instrument or power source shall be made so that the system will operate within the 5% limits. Battery powered systems are exempt from this requirement but such systems shall not be operated when the power source is below the level t o achieve full vertical and horizontal display as viewed on the CRT graticule.电压调节：如果线路电压显示的信号幅度或扫描的范围在 5或更多，应使用电源稳压器的长度变化波动调节。如果波动持续，适当调整，应规定，使该系统的运作在 5的限制内。电池供电的系统不受此规定，但这样的系统，负值下面的显示无法操作，以实现全面的纵向和横向上的显像管标线效果显示。3.2.1.4 Alarm: Test criteria and part configuration determine alarm use feasibility, and must be agreed upon by purchaser and vendor. Audible and/or visual alarms shall be used in conjunction with visual monitoring to identify signals which exceed the level established for the test. Alarm systems used for this purpose shall be capable of being adjusted to alarm at any point in the display range of the CRT and shall be automatically triggered within 10% of the set level. The sound level produced by the alarm during operation shall be sufficiently above ambient to ensure being heard by the operator.报警：测试标准和部分配置确定报警的可行性必须买方和供应商经同意，。声响和/或视觉警报应视觉监控配合使用，以确定信号的测试超过规定的水平。警报系统用于这一目的应是能够被调整，警报随时在CRT的显示范围点，并应自动在 10触发设置水平。音量操作过程中所产生的警报应足够高于环境声响，以确保操作者能听到。3.2.2 Ultrasonic Search Units: Ultrasonic search units shall be of a piezoelectric type capable of both transmitting and receiving ultrasonic signals at the specific frequencies required by the test. When used with the ultrasonic test instrument, the search unit shall be capable of transmitting and receiving ultrasonic energy with a spectral distribution that includes the central frequency required for the test. The peak radiated frequency shall be within 0.5 MHz or 10%, whichever is greater, of the required frequency. This history of each search unit shall be maintained in an appropriate log and shall include type, style, frequency, serial number, and size. Beam profile checks, both axial and cross section, for immersion units may also be kept if required by purchaser.超声波扫描装置：超声波扫描装置是压电材料对满足发射和接收的两种特定频率的超声波信号的测试所需的的分辨能力。当使用超声检测的手段时，搜查装置须能发送和接收的光谱分布，其中包括中心频率的超声波测试所需的能量。所需的频率的辐射峰值频率须在 0.5 MHz或 10，以较高者为准。这种过程的每个搜索单位应保持适当的记录，并应包括类型，样式，频率，序列号和大小。束流剖面检查，都和轴向截面检查，也须符合买方要求。3.2.2.1 Search Unit Dimensions and Styles: For both contact and immersion tests with either longitudinal or shear mode, the choice of transducer dimension, style, type, etc is dependent on the test and the approved test procedure. In general, for immersion testing, flat faced or corrected beam transducers with diameters 3/8 through 3/4 inch (9.5 mm through 19.0 mm) are acceptable. Contact units with a maximum area of 1 square inch (6.5 cm2) with 1/2 inch (12.7mm) minimum to 1-1/8 inches (28.6 mm) maximum dimensions are acceptable for longitudinal testing, while 1.0 inch x 1.0 inch (25.4 mm x 25.4 mm) or 1.0 inch x 1/2 inch (25.4 mm x 12.7 mm) transducers are acceptable for shear testing. Use of a focused, paint brush, liquid delay, special size, or other special transducer is acceptable when agreed upon by purchaser and vendor.扫描装置尺寸和规格：对于接触法和沉浸法运用横波或者纵波的测试，在传感器尺寸，风格，类型，选择等依赖于测试和批准的测试程序。一般来说，沉浸试验，单位表面或3 / 8有效直径传感器通过3 / 4英寸（9.5毫米，通过19.0毫米）是可以接受的。纵向测试的接触单位为1平方英寸（6.5平方厘米）的最大面积1 / 2英寸（12.7），最低为1-1/8英寸（28.6毫米）最大尺寸是可以接受的，而1.0英寸 1.0英寸（ 25.4毫米 25.4毫米），或1.0英寸x 1 / 2英寸（25.4毫米 12.7毫米）传感器横波试验是可以接受的。注意的细节，接触剂刷规格，液体延迟，特殊尺寸，或其他特殊传感器使用时，买家和供应商同意后是可以接受的。3.2.2.2 Test Frequencies: The frequency used shall be the highest practical frequency which will provide the penetration and resolution required; frequencies lower than 2.25 MHz when using the longitudinal mode or 1.0 MHz when using a shear mode shall not be used unless acceptable to purchaser.测试频率：技术应是切实可行的最高频率，提供的渗透和分辨所要求的频率，频率低于2.25兆赫时使用纵波或1.0兆赫时使用横波方式，该频段除非买主接受，否则不得使用。3.2.2.3 Ultrasonic Beam Profiles for Immersion Units: The following are recommended, simplified (no special equipment required except a 3 mm ball) methods of finding Y+0 and distance amplitude curves and beam profiles. Complete performance parameters of ultrasonic transducers using special equipment are presented in ASTM E 1065. Other methods or techniques for obtaining the same or similar data may be used if acceptable to purchaser.超声波束浸泡式装置简介：以下是简化建议（没有特殊的设备要求除3毫米球）寻找Y+0和距离振幅曲线和束剖面的方法。使用特殊设备成套超声换能器性能参数列在ASTM的位置1065。如果买主接受可用其他方法或获取相同或类似的数据。3.2.2.3.1 Axial Beam Profile: A distance amplitude curve of a transducer shall be plotted from measured energy reflected from a flat reflector having dimensions greater than twice the sound beam diameter. The curve shall be plotted through at least the following locations the near field (Y-1) location, at the far field peak (Y+0) location, and at the 3 and 6 dB locations referenced from the Y+0 point in both the near and far field directions. A distance amplitude curve shall be available before the transducer is put into service. The curve may be supplied by the manufacturer or the purchaser may make the curve. Subsequent periodic checks, at least annually, of the transducer shall include a distance amplitude curve which shall agree with the original curve within 20% for the transducer to be acceptable.轴向束简介：一个传感器距离振幅曲线的测量，应能反映从划分单位上有尺寸大于两倍声束直径的反射。在绘制曲线应至少通过以下点近场（Y-1）的位置，在远场峰值（Y+0）的位置，并在3和6从Y+0点均参照分贝的位置近及远场方向。而距离振幅曲线应在提供换能器前投入使用。曲线模型也可以由制造商或购买者提供。随后，定期检查，至少每年换能器的距离包括振幅曲线应保持在标准位置的 20。3.2.2.3.2 Cross Section Profile (Beam Symmetry): The ratio of beam widths shall be not less than 0.75:1 when measured to the 6 dB points in two directions, 90 degrees apart, across the beam at the Y+0 location. The measurements shall be made from energy reflected from a 0.118 inch (3.0 mm) diameter steel ball. Larger diameter balls than those specified in ASTM E 1065 may be used when agreed upon by purchaser and vendor.横截面简介（束对称）：在除了90度至6分贝点上的光束外，位置Y+0的两个方向束宽度的比例应不低于0.75:1。在ASTM的位置比1065所指定的大直径球时，0.118英寸（3.0毫米）直径钢珠测量应对反射能量作出反映。购买者和供应商同意后可以使用。3.2.2.4 Contact Test Angle-Beam Search Units: The exit point and exit angle of ultrasonic energy and depth profile of the sound beam shall be established for angle-beam search units. Search units with beam angles departing more than 3 degrees from manufacturers indicated values shall not be used. Such units may be requalified to a new angle by verifying proper operation and by reidentifying the unit to the correct new beam angle. The International Institute of Welding (IIW) ultrasonic reference block or an appropriate substitute may be used to test the exit angle of angle-beam search units.接触测试角束扫描装置：出口点和出口的超声能量和深度的声束齿形角应设立角度束扫描装置。光束偏离与制造商的指定值超过 3度的角度扫描装置不得使用。该装置可测量新的角度，核查正常运作和识别到正确的新的光束角。在国际焊接学会（国际焊接学会）超声波参考块或适当的替代品可以用来测试角度出口角度束搜索单位。3.2.3 Couplants: Shall be used for all tests. 偶合剂：适用于所有的测试。3.2.3.1 Immersion Method: Couplants for testing by the immersion method may include any appropriate fluid such as tap water, light oils, ethylene glycol, or alcohol. Such fluids may contain wetting agents to improve couplant properties or rust inhibitors to reduce influence of the fluid on the product under test. No fluid may be used which stains, etches, or otherwise affects the surface of the product under test. Any fluid used for immersion testing shall be free of visible air bubbles and shall not exhibit excessive attenuation at the test frequency. The immersion technique is defined to include any liquid delay such as bubblers, collimators, squirters, ultrasonic wheels, and immersion tanks.沉浸方法：适合浸渍法测试的偶合剂可包括任何适当的液体，如自来水，轻质油，乙二醇，或酒精。这种液体可能含有润湿剂改善耦合剂属性或防锈剂，以减少对被测产品流体的影响。任何可用于液体的污渍，蚀刻，或以其他方式影响了产品表面下的测试。测试用的沉浸任何液体应免除可见气泡和不得出现在测试时频率衰减过多。沉浸手法定义包括以下内容，如bubblers，collimators, squirters, ultrasonic wheels, and immersion tanks.3.2.3.2 Contact Method: Couplants for testing by the contact method shall not be injurious to the product being tested. Couplant materials include any appropriate fluid such as water, light oils, lowviscosity greases, and penetrant emulsifiers. Rubber-like wear membranes may be used between the search unit and the test part to prevent excessive search unit wear provided such use is approved by purchaser. As surface roughness influences the sound energy, couplant viscosity may be varied as a function of surface roughness. Table 1 provides a guide for selection of direct contact couplant materials; other couplants of similar viscosity may be used. The contact technique is defined to include direct contact of a search unit with the test surface, use of contour surface wearshoes, and thin-film couplant techniques such as the pressurized fluid (water gap) system.接触法：接触法测试由于偶合剂得使用，避免了被测试产品的损伤。耦合剂的材料包括任何适当的液体，水，轻质油，低密度油脂，乳化剂和渗透剂。扫描装置和测试部分之间的橡胶防磨损膜，是为了防止过度磨损扫描装置。提模式的这种使用须由买方批准。由于表面粗糙度影响声能，耦合剂粘度变化可以作为一种表面粗糙度的功能判定。表1提供了一个直接接触耦合剂材料的选择指南;其他类似的粘度可以使用耦合剂。接触扫描技术的定义包括直接接触的一个扫描装置，测试表面，轮廓表面及断面，如加压液体（水差距）系统的薄膜耦合剂技术。表1 - 耦合剂材料近似表面粗糙度（的ANSI B46.1）耦合剂（汽车工程师协会J300）5100 RHR（0.1至2.5毫米）汽车工程师协会10机油50至125 RHR（1.2到3.2mm汽车工程师协会20机油）100至200 RHR（2.55.1毫米汽车工程师协会30机油）3.2.4 Ultrasonic Standards: Ultrasonic standards are required for all inspections. Calibration standards establish the performance of the inspection system. Reference standards interrelate the test results with reference reflectors. It is mandatory that the mater