2010年考研英语二阅读及新题型答案解析.docx

2010年考研英语二阅读及新题型答案解析Text 121. In the first paragraph, Damien Hirsts sale was referred to as “a last victory” because _-。A. the art market had witnessed a succession of victoriesB. the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC. Beautiful inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD. it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis33623 037选【D】，因为第一段段尾句As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy. 即雷曼兄弟公司破产。正门对面22. By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3)，the author suggests that_ 。A. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionskaoyantjB. people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from gallerieskaoyantjC. art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extent业D. works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying业选【A】，本题迷惑选项为C，文章第三段只强调了 collectors stayed away；Sales fell，并没有强调“收藏时尚早在这之前就已经大大降温了”。23. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007to 2008.33623 037B. The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum。C. The market generally went downward in various ways。D. Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come。选【B】因为文章第二段只说了The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising vertiginously since 2003.并没有说比别的行业更有势头冲劲。24. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are _A. auction houses favoritesB. contemporary trendsC. factors promoting artwork circulationD. styles representing impressionists选【C】本题其实属于猜词题，问3Ds是什么含义，根据最后一段的上下文的含义，上一段段尾句说：But Edward Dolman, Christies chief executive, says: “Im pretty confident were at the bottom。”；以及3Ds之前的句子，there are still buyers in the market；Christies revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher；not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell能感觉到后文应该继续表示有信心，对将来乐观。所以选C。25. The most appropriate title for this text could be _A. Fluctuation of Art PricesB. Up-to-date Art AuctionsC. Art Market in DeclineD. Shifted Interest in Arts选【C】，文章从第二段开始就说虽然大家还是有信心，但艺术收藏市场不景气。Text 2 26. What is most wives main expectation of their husbands?A. Talking to them. B. Trusting them.C. Supporting their careers. D. Sharing housework。选【A】，根据第一段women frequently complain that their husbands dont talk to them.。27. Judging from the context, the phrase “wreaking havoc” (Line 3, Para.2) most probably means _。A. generating motivation. B. exerting influenceC. causing damage D. creating pressure选【C】，本题属于猜词题，从下文主要内容来看，夫妻缺乏沟通会导致离婚，即对婚姻产生破坏作用。28. All of the following are true EXCEPT_A. men tend to talk more in public tan womenB. nearly 50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC. women attach much importance to communication between couplesD a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse选【B】，注意本题是选错误选项，ACD都是正确的，但是B选项错误的原因是偷换了50%的比率对象。文章只说了the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent，即目前美国离婚率为50%，并没有说50%的离婚率是因为缺乏沟通造成的，B选项的说法大大低于文章前一句话所说的most of the women gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorce。29. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?A. The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists。B. Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities。C. Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage。D. Conversational patterns between man and wife are different。选【D】，文章主题强调男女说话交流模式不一样。AB中的moral和inequality不符合原文。C是无中生有。30. In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on _A. a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB. a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC. other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S。D. a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew Hacker选【B】，本文围绕着男女交流不一样，导致离婚这一现象展开，所以下文具体会阐述这副图的的细节讨论这个现象。Text 331. According to Dr.Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap_。A should be further cultivatedB should be changed graduallyC are deeply rooted in historyD are basically private concerns选【A】，本题关键词Dr. Curtis，定位于第二段，A选项和第二段段尾句“how to create new behaviors that happen automatically” 相同含义。32. Bottled water, chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to_A reveal their impact on people habitsB show the urgent need of daily necessitiesC indicate their effect on people buying powerD manifest the significant role of good habits选【A】，本题迷惑选项是D，其实文章没有强调这是好习惯，只是中立的立场描述了这些产品影响了人们的习惯。33. Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create peoples habits?ATide B Crest C Colgate D Unilever选【D】，根据第四和第六自然段的段尾句，发现只有Unilever文章没有阐述是否它帮助了人们产生习惯。34. From the text we know that some of consumers habits are developed due to _Aperfected art of productsBautomatic behavior creationCcommercial promotionsDscientific experiments选【C】，根据文章后四段，不难发现商业广告是主要原因，所以选C。35. The authors attitude toward the influence of advertisement on peoples habits is_Aindifferent Bnegative Cpositive Dbiased选【B】，作者对于商业广告用的形容词：在第四段是shrewd(狡猾的，精明的)，在第7段是ruthless(无情的，残忍的)，说明作者对于广告的作用的观点是负面的。Text 4 36. From the principles of the US jury system, we learn that _Aboth literate and illiterate people can serve on juriesBdefendants are immune from trial by their peersCno age limit should be imposed for jury serviceDjudgment should consider the opinion of the public选【D】，因为第一段who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy，即只要达到基本年龄和文化要求即可，而A选项没有强调最低文化要求，C没有强调最低年龄要求，所以均错。另外，文中只说有权让自己的同 伴审讯自己，而B选项说辩护人或被告不会受到同伴的审讯，这个说法于文章不一致，属于无中生有。37. The practice of selecting socalled elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_Athe inadequacy of antidiscrimination lawsBthe prevalent discrimination against certain racesCthe conflicting ideals in jury selection proceduresDthe arrogance common among the Supreme Court judges。选【C】，根据第二段段首段尾句，不难看出事与愿违，实际操作与想象不一样，有冲突。B错的原因是偷换了宾语，文章第二段第二句话没有强调当时歧视races(不同种族的人)38. Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_Athey were automatically banned by state lawsBthey fell far short of the required qualificationsCthey were supposed to perform domestic dutiesDthey tended to evade public engagement选【C】，关键词1960s定位于第三段，A错误的原因不是state law禁止的，BD无中生有。C来自于段尾句the claim that women were needed at home。39. After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed._Asex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolishedBeducational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurorsCjurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire communityDstates ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system选【B】，根据第四段第一二两句话，B是正确的。但D错误的原因是，偷换了conform的宾语，应该是根据Jury Selection and Service Act进行改革。AC错误是定位错误，本题于1975年decision Taylor v. Louisiana一事无关。40. In discussing the US jury system, the text centers on_Aits nature and problemsBits characteristics and traditionCits problems and their solutionsDits tradition and development选【C】，从第二段第一句：But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. 第三段第一句：The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. 以及第四段第一句In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. 不难看出本文从第二段一直到最后，都是在阐述陪审团制度的问题，以及如何解决陪审团制度的问题。2011年硕士研究生入学考试2011英语二 真题及参考答案21A。细节题：原文第1段，倒数第3行的how could?直接提到了bonus payouts 就是说 profits。22C。细节题：原文中出现outside directors有几处，helpful but less biased advisor，但是B选项用的是executive, 拼凑答案，D 选项也是一样。最后一句 weathered their own crises对应forecasters。23C。细节题：原文是若干个并列，stock is likely to perform worse对应答案， 迷惑选项是B，但是主语不一致20%是probability不是earnings。24A。推理题：原文对应firms who want to .说想留住outside director就是增加incentive。25D。态度题：文章各个段落都说outside director的方面。因此是critical。26D。定义题：根据上下文猜句子的含义，后句American.save newspaper中出现了save说明前面的观点一定是不好的才save，因此选D。27B推理题：定位处前一句是 readers are paying more for slimmer newspaper. 因此说明人们多付钱，报纸很薄，节约成本，定位处有even 表示并列，说明前后的原因一致都是成本问题。28C。推理题：日本美国原文用了对比的方法说广告占得比例不一样，因此问题是广告收入来源。29. D。推理题：A选项中有essential, 文章中是说distinctiveness重要而非必要，有问题，D选项是文章中cars and film reviewers have gone.说明由于报纸没有吸引力而失去读者。30A。主旨题：文章分析美国报纸出现的问题，说明要挽救。31C。细节题：原文restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence对应。32D。推理题： 定位是Bauhaus，对应选项与原文，只有D对。33C。细节题：原文elegance did not derive from abundance 。34D。细节题：原文But后有 the architectural equivalent of the abstract art 。35B。推理题：原文Aesthetic effect came form the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing。36B。推理题：第一段But后说cheerleader觉得EU 有debt，decline和lower growth。37D。推理题：三段论德法对欧元区和谐上达成一致但如何和谐有分歧。38B。细节题：原文对应by stricter rules on. 。39A。推理题：原文对应a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds.40D。态度题：文章最后总结认为EU是worlds largest trading block. 最后一句 it is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign都是说EU正面的信息。Dear Li Ming,We are very happy to know that you have successfully passed the college entrance examination this year and have been admitted into Peking University. Allow us to give our most sincere congratulations on this exciting occasion.You have all along been working hard at your professional studies, and you are excellent in most subjects. Your success shows that only hard work can yield good results，so I suggest that you should make a great progress in university life.We take this opportunity to express our best wishes to you. Wish you greater achievements in your college education. Yours sincerely, Zhang WeiDear Ming,Congratulations! I am glad to hear that you have been admitted by MIT. Your efforts and commitment have been paid off. You are the honor of our family.Here come some my own advices of being a pre college student. First and foremost, you need to improve your communication because you will meet different people with different personalities in campus. Moreover, reading some reference books will help you to accumulate more knowledge and terms, which boost your competitiveness in campus.Once again congratulate for your achievement! Yours sincerely, Zhang Wei大作文参考答案As is shown in the bar chart above, dramatic changes have taken place in the autos market shares within two years (from 2008 to 2009). The most obvious change was the market share of national brand, which had increased nearly by 10%, while Japans autos market share decreased roughly by 10%. The percentage of the US autos remained stable between 2008 and 2009. There are numerous reasons accounting for the phenomenon and I would like to explore a few of the most important ones here. Above all, as the development of technique and knowledge in native companies, a growing number of autos corporation developed many quality autos. Therefore, the national people changed the attitude to the native brands and acknowledge them. What more, an overwhelming majority of people have been affected by the country patriotism ideology, partly owing to some actions of Japan triggering the emotion of people. Finally, Toyota brake error accidents significantly affects Japanese autos reputations and images. Safety concerns drove customers away from Japanese products. Additionally, Fuel price drove consumers away from those American petrol digging and luxury autos. So it is not difficult to observe their steady performance.Based on what has been discussed above, we may reasonably conclude that the tendency described in graphic will continue for quite a long time. Hopefully, government could offer more friendly policies to China autos manufacturers to encourage quality improvement and technology innovation.重点词汇：ingenuity（独创性；灵活性）ingenu+ity，ingenu（=ingenious独创的；灵活的），-ity名词后缀。burdensome（繁重的；难以负担的）burden负担+some形容词后缀。What a heavy burden is a name that has become famous.广为人知的名字是多么沉重的负担啊。nasty（讨 厌的；肮脏的；下流的）Diplomacy is to do and say the nastiest thing in the nicest way.外交就是以最优雅的方式办最nasty的事，说最nasty的话。nasty在此句实在不好翻译。compulsion（强 制）即com一起+puls(=drive)+ion名词后缀，“不由分说全拖到一起”强制；compulsory（强制的；必修 的）com+puls+ory形容词后缀。compulsion a highbrow term for a temptation were not trying too hard to resist 强制对人们并不想坚持拒绝的诱惑的一种高雅说法。Bodily exercise, when compulsory, does no harm to the body; but knowledge which is acquired under compulsion obtains no hold on the mind.强制的身体锻炼不会损害身体，但被迫学习的知识占据不了头脑。柏拉图老师说的。robotics（机器人学）即robot+ics，robot机器人，-ics后缀表“学科”，如physics、aesthetics（美学）。robo-driver即robot driver。assembly（集 会；装配）是assemble的名词形式，-y为名词后缀；assemble谐音“啊，三步”，曹植七步成诗，而“装配”只需三步（三个步骤）！In most communities it is illegal to cry fire in a crowded assembly.在大多数社会中，在拥挤的集会上喊“着火啦”是违法的。terminal（终端的；期末的；终端；终点站）termin期 限+al后缀；terminate（中止）termin+ate动词后缀，施瓦辛格演的电影终结者就叫Terminator（-or后缀表“人 ”）。Its all right to have a train of thoughts, if you have a terminal.想法成串并没关系，只要有个止点。miniaturization（小型化）即 mini+atur(e)+iz(e)+ation；mini词根“小”（比如有个好东西叫mini skirt），-ature名词后缀，-ize动词后缀，-ation名词后缀；miniature（小型的；缩影）mini+ature。A day is a miniature of eternity.一天是永恒的缩影。laborsaving（节省劳力的）labor劳动+saving节省的。supervision（监督）即super+vis+ion，super-前缀“在上面”，vis词根“看”（如visualvis+ual形容词后缀视觉的），-ion名词后缀。specific（具 体的；特定的；特效药）即speci+fic，speci词根=species（种类），-fic形容词后缀“使成为的”，故“使成为某个具体种类的 ”特定的。Time and again I have emerged from a course of reading in philosophy with the conviction that the authors were really avoiding specific problems by converting them into tenuous sophistries that have very little real meaning.我一再退出对哲学的钻研，深信作者们确实是在以将具体问题换成几乎没有实际意义的贫乏诡辩来躲避它们。artificial（人工的，人造的）即art+i+fic+ial，art词 根“人工”，-i-连结元音，fic词根“做”，-ial形容词后缀。Of all artificial relations formed between mankind, the most capricious and variable is that of author and reader.在人与人之间形成的所有人为关系中，最变化无常的是作者与读者的关系。artificial intelligence the art of making computers that behave like the ones in movies 人工智能制造电脑的艺术，使它们的行为像电影里的人一样。perception（感觉；理解）即per+cept+ion，per-前缀“全 部”，cept词根“抓”（=capt，因为元音可替换，capturecapt+ure后缀n.v.捕获），-ion名词后缀，故“把外界信息全 部抓住”感知。The perception of beauty is a moral test.对美的理解是道德的检验。complicated（复 杂的；难解的）即com+plic+at(e)+ed，com-前缀“一起”，plic词根“折叠”，-ate动词后缀+-ed后缀“已的”，故“全 都折叠在一起的”复杂的；complicate（使复杂）com+plic+ate；complication（复杂情况；并发 症）com+plic+ation。I never blame failures there are too many complicated situations in life, but I am absolutely merciless toward lack of effort.我从不责备失败生活中复杂的情况实在太多，但对于不努力，我绝不宽恕。previously（先前地）即 pre+vi+ous+ly，pre-前缀“在前的”，vi(=via)词根“路”，-ous形容词后缀，故“在前面就上路的”先 前；previous（先前的）pre+vi+ous。A creative artist works on his next composition because he is not satisfied with his previous one.有创造性的艺术家致力于自己的下一个作品，因为他不满意前一个。irrelevant（不相关的）即ir+relevant，ir-否定前缀（=in-，在r前n变形为r），relevant（相关的）参2002年Text 1。instantaneously（瞬间地）即instant+aneous+ly，instant单词“立刻的；速溶的；瞬间），-aneous形容词后缀。suspicious（可疑的；多疑的）suspic(=suspect)怀疑+ious。Plagiarists are always suspicious of being stolen from.剽窃者总是疑心文字被人盗用。neuroscientist（神经科学家）neuro(=nerve)+scientist。perceive（察 觉；感知）即per+ceive，是perception（见前述）的动词形式，per-前缀“全部”，ceive词根“抓”。同根 词：receive（v.收到）re(=back)+ceive，“抓回来”；deceive（v.欺骗）de在下面+ceive，“在下面搞小动作 ”。There are no new truths, but only truths that have not been recognised by those who have perceived them without noticing.没有什么新的真理，只有人们不经意地感觉到但没有认识到的真理。elite（精英）用谐音记：“爱理他”“精英人士”每个人都爱理他。gizmo 小发明；hum 嗡嗡声、轰鸣声。OPEC（石油输出国组织）即Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries。scary（引 起惊慌的）即scar(e)+y，scare（n.v.惊恐），-y形容词后缀。More powerful creation may scare many people away, but more intrepid people will be captivated by it.更加强有力的作品可能吓退许多人，但比较勇敢的人们会被它吸引住。quadruple（四倍的；使成四倍；四倍）即quadru+ple，quadru-前缀“四”(=quarter)，ple词根“折叠”，complicated所含的词根plic也是“折叠”的意思（参2002年Text 2）。triple（三倍的；使成三倍；三倍）即tri+ple，tri-前缀“三”，如triangle（三角形）tri+angle角。inflation（膨 胀；通货膨胀；自夸）即in+flat+ion，in-(=into)，flat词根“吹”，-ion名词后缀，故“往里面吹”膨胀。 Inflation: When nobody has enough money because everybody has too much.通货膨胀：由于人人钱太多而谁的钱都不够的时候。gloom（v.n.阴暗；忧愁），形容词为gloomy（阴暗的；阴沉的），那首据 说有杀人魔力的歌曲就叫Gloomy Sunday。Love is the flame of life, without it, everything in life becomes gloomy.爱是生命的火焰，没有它，生命中的一切都变得暗淡无光。doom（n.厄 运v.注定）。A society that gives to one class all the opportunities for leisure, and to another all the burdens of work, dooms both classes to spiritual sterility.一个将闲暇的全部机会都给予一个阶级，而将劳作的全部重负都给予另一个阶级的社会，注定了两个阶级都处于精神贫瘠。suspend（v. 悬挂；延缓）即sus+pend，sus-前缀“在下面”，pend词根“挂”，故“暂且挂在下面不管”搁置；名词形式为 suspensionsus+pens挂+ion。The best of men cannot suspend their fate.最好的人也无法推迟死亡。consequence（后果；重要性）con+sequ(=follow)+ence。It is easy to dodge our responsibilities, but we cannot dodge the consequences of dodging our responsibilities.逃避责任很容易，但逃避责任的后果我们却无法逃避。With books, as with companions, it is of more consequence to know which to avoid, than which to chuse（chuse是古英语=choose）.读书如交友，懂得避开哪些比懂得选择哪些更重要。conservation（保 护；保存；守恒）即con+serv(e)+ation，con-前缀“全部”，serve词根“保持”(=keep)，-ation名词后缀；动词为 conservecon+serve。A state without the means of some change is without the means of its conservation.不具备某种变革手段的国家也不具备保存自己的手段。energy-intensive 能源密集型。consumption（消 费量，消耗）即consum(e)+ption，consume（v.消费，消耗），-ption名词后缀，m后加p便于发音，如assume（假定；承 担；呈现）assumption、presume（v.假设）presumption。Conspicuous consumption of val