（寒假总动员）高二英语寒假作业 专题09 语言知识回顾（九）（学）.doc

（寒假总动员）2015年高二英语寒假作业 专题09 语言知识回顾（九）（学）学一学 重点单词、短语、句型复习1polish vt.提高；修改；润色；磨光，擦亮the speaker spent several days polishing her lecture.演讲者花了几天时间修改她的演讲稿。i have been polishing the silver the whole afternoon.我整个下午一直都在擦拭银器。(1)polish sth. with sth.用擦亮polish up (on) sth. 提高(技能等)(2)polished adj. 擦亮的，磨光的，精湛的he polished his floor with a special chemical.他用一种特殊的化学物质来擦亮地板。hes got to_polish_up his french for his job.为了工作，他必须提高他的法语水平。2instruct vt.教授，传授；指示，命令；告知she instructs music once a week at a middle school.她在一所中学每周教一次音乐课。they instructed him that he should leave the country at once.他们命令他立即离开这个国家。instruct sb. to do sth.指示某人做某事instruct sb. in sth. 教导某人某事ive instructed_them_to_keep the room locked.我已吩咐他们那房间要上锁。all children are instructed in the use of the library.所有孩子都被教授了使用图书馆的方法。follow the instructions on the packet carefully.仔细按照包装上的说明操作。3junior(1)adj.青少年的，较年幼的；(地位、级别、职位等)较低的he held a junior position in the company.他在这家公司担任低级职务。(be) junior to sb.比某人小，比某人地位(级别、职位等)低he is three years junior to me.他比我小三岁。点津be junior to sb. 中的to不能用than替换。类似用法的短语还有： (2)n.年少者，晚辈；等级较低者4advocate (1)vt.拥护；支持；提倡the group doesnt advocate the use of violence.该团体不支持使用暴力。advocate doing sth. 支持/提倡做某事advocate that . 主张从句谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”i would be the first to_advocate_obeying just laws.我愿第一个为遵守公正的法律大声疾呼。they advocated that all buildings(should)be fitted with smoke detectors.他们主张所有的大楼都应安装烟雾探测器。(2)n.c提倡者；拥护者5. go after追赶，追求；谋求she left the house in tears so i went after her.她流着泪离开了房间，所以我随后追了出去。once i decide what i want, i will go after it without any hesitation.我一旦决定要什么，我会毫不犹豫地去追求它。go against背叛；违背；违反；不利于 go in for爱好，酷爱；从事；参加go for喜欢；争取；努力获得；支持 go by走过(某处)；时间过去；流逝go over越过；复习；仔细检查 go round/around 四处走动；绕道走；(病，消息)流传go through 经历；审查people tried to persuade him to go for a gradual reform program.人们尽量去说服他去进行逐步的改革项目。6. i like_it_when the comedian talks to people in the audience. 我喜欢喜剧演员会与观众交流。句中的it 是形式宾语，代替的是when引导的宾语从句。i dont like it when the weather gets really cold.当天气变得太冷的时候我就不喜欢了。it 作形式宾语的用法：(1)like, enjoy, love, hate, dislike, appreciate 等表示喜好或厌恶等的动词，后面不能直接接宾语从句，若要跟宾语从句，需跟形式宾语it。i hate it when people talk with their mouths full.我不喜欢人们满口饭时说话。we really appreciate_it_when she offered to help.她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。(2)see to, depend on, lie in 等由动词和介词构成的短语动词后接