高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 教材重点全程攻略 Unit 4 Sharing限时规范特训 新人教版选修7.doc

unit 4 sharing .阅读理解a2016江苏高考chimps (黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. but beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to help one another. chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children, who are able from a young age to gather their own food.in the laboratory, chimps dont naturally share food either. if a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage, he will pull at randomhe just doesnt care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. chimps are truly selfish.human children, on the other hand, are naturally cooperative. from the earliest ages, they desire to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. the psychologist michael tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children. he finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.there are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally possessed in young children. one is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially. another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. a third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive (认知的) skills, at least when compared with chimps. in tests conducted by tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.the core of what childrens minds have and chimps dont is what tomasello calls shared intentionality. part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. but beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. they actively seek to be part of a “we”， a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.篇章导读：本文是一篇研究报告。科学家通过比较黑猩猩和小孩子的行为得出结论，黑猩猩很自私，而很小的孩子就会帮助别人，与人合作和分享，这是人的本性。1what can we learn from the experiment with chimps?achimps seldom care about others interests.bchimps tend to provide food for their children.cchimps like to take in their neighbors food.dchimps naturally share food with each other.答案：a细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的实验得知，黑猩猩不关心、不在乎同类。故a项正确。其中c项干扰性较大，黑猩猩只是自私，而不是喜欢那么做。2michael tomasellos tests on young children indicate that they _.ahave the instinct to help othersbknow how to offer help to adultscknow the world better than chimpsdtrust adults with their hands full答案：a推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一、二句及第四段第一句得知，小孩帮助他人是出于本能。故a项正确。b项太片面；c、d两项文中没提到。3the passage is mainly about _.athe helping behaviors of young childrenbways to train childrens shared intentionalityccooperation as a distinctive human naturedthe development of intelligence in children答案：c主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者通过对黑猩猩和小孩进行的实验证实了助人、与别人合作是人独有的本能。a项干扰性较大，文章不是简单地介绍了小孩子的助人行为。bchildrens lives have changed greatly over the last 50 years. but do they have a happier childhood than you or i did?its difficult to look back on ones own childhood without some element of nostalgia (怀旧的). i have four brothers and sisters, and my memories are all about being with them, playing board games on the living room floor, or spending days in the street with the other neighborhood children, racing up and down on our bikes, or exploring the nearby woods. my parents scarcely appear in these memories, except as providers either of meals or of severe blame after some particularly risky adventure. these days, in the uk at least, the nature of childhood has changed dramatically. firstly, families are smaller, and there are far more only children. it is common for both parents to work outside the home and there is the feeling that there just isnt time to bring up a large family, or that no one could possibly afford to have more than one child. as a result, todays boys and girls spend much of their time alone. another major change is that youngsters today tend to spend a huge amount of their free time at home, inside. more than anything this is due to the fact that parents worry far more than they used to about real or imagined dangers, so they wouldnt dream of letting their children play outside by themselves. finally, the kind of toys children have and the way they play is totally different. computer and video games have replaced the board games and more interesting activities of my childhood. the irony (令人啼笑皆非的事情) is that so many ways of playing games are called “interactive”. the fact that you can play electronic games on your own further increases the sense of loneliness felt by many young people today.do these changes mean that children today have a less relaxing childhood than i had? i personally believe that they do, but perhaps every generation feels exactly the same.篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章通过回顾并分析50年以来儿童生活发生的变化及其原因，得出一个结论：现在的儿童们的生活不如以前的儿童生活轻松惬意。4what is the purpose of the direct question given in the first paragraph?ato get peoples attention and lead in the topic.bto gather peoples opinions on childhood.cto show who the passage is written for.dto compare the childhood lives of two generations.答案：a推理判断题。根据下文讲述的内容可知，第一段提出的问题主要是引起人们的注意并导入话题。5which is not a reason for the changes?afamilies are smaller today.bparents worried too much about their children.ctoys can be played by children alone at home.dits too dangerous to play outside.答案：b细节理解题。利用排除法，根据第三段第二句中的“firstly, families are smaller，”最后一句中的“more than they used to about real or imagined dangers”以及第四段第一句中的“the kind of toys children have and the way they play is totally different”可知，a、c、d均是童年生活发生改变的原因，而b项中的内容并非是导致童年生活改变的原因。6the writers attitude towards the childhood changing is _.aapprovingb.unconcernedcobjectived.optimistic答案：c观点态度题。由第二段描述作者自己童年生活及第三、四段描述现在儿童的生活的方法可知，本文作者在论述童年生活上的变化时，均是很客观地列举事例，且用事例来佐证自己的观点。故选c。.七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。scientists and educators in the us and china say its important to introduce very young children to new technologies. _1_ they say that with the right approach, children learn not to be frightened of abstract thinking.even before children learn to read and write, they can manipulatemove and control images. _2_mitchel resnick is codeveloper of a codelearning program called scratch jr. he says that is exactly what programming is all about.“each block tells the character what to do. you snap the blocks together, and youve made a computer program. _3_ this block make the cat go to the right. this one makes the cat jump. by snapping them together i make a computer program that makes it move and then jump.”parents decide how much time their children can spend using modern technology. but sandra calvert, director of the childrens digital media center at georgetown university, says its all around us. “_4_ just as its a worry that there may be too much screen time, there is also a concern that our children will be left behind if they dont know how to use the technologies that are going to shape the 21st century careers, jobs and how we are going to succeed as a nation.”children between the ages of 4 and 15 use tools and machines at socalled “maker spaces” in beijing. the maker space basically serves as an openaccess workshop. _5_ the young people are part of the socalled “maker movement，”a doityourself community connecting people who like to make things with their hands.athere, children use tools and machines like 3d printers to create and build projects.beach block has a different behavior.ccomputer scientists perform lots of research in computer theory and systems.dthey advise developing skills from computer programming to designing electronic circuits.etablet computers with touchsensitive screens are perfect for lining up simple commands.fthe education and development of our children are extremely important.gwe live in the digital age.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是让小孩子尽早了解新科技，可以使孩子们不会对抽象思维感到恐惧。1d上文介绍的是中美科学家及教育家的观点，下文介绍的是尽早了解新科技带来的好处，故该空应是他们提出的建议。d项表明了他们的建议。2e根据上文中的“move and control images”可知，此空应填写的内容与执行命令有关系。e项中的“lining up simple commands”符合语境。故选e。3b根据上下文中的关键词“each block, blocks”及“this block”及下文中对每一个block可引起不同的行为动作的描述可知，答案是b。4g根据下文中“. that there may be too much screen time.”可知，答案是g(我们生活在数码时代)。5a根据上文“the maker space basically serves as an openaccess workshop.”可知，所填句子对“workshop”进行解释，a项中的“there”指代上句中的“an openaccess workshop”，且全句符合语境。.语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。2018成都龙泉高三测试an old proverb says, “friends are like wine; the older, the better.” so, nowadays many people consider old friends to be _1_ (important) than new friends. for example, if two pieces of advice are given to solve a problem, one from a new friend and the other from _2_ old friend, people always tend to adopt the latter one, _3_ the new friends advice may be better._4_ (disagree) with the old proverb, i believe that new friends are not _5_ (necessary) worse than old friends. why? because the _6_ (long) of time cannot determine whether your friendship is better or not.once you call someone friend, he must be a reliable person, _7_ interests are in common with _8_ (you). as time goes by, a friends outside look may change, but the inside characters of him and his interests _9_ (change). it is just these unchangeable characters and interests that make him a friend to you. _10_， on this point, there is no difference between old friends and new friends.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。俗话说，朋友似酒，愈久弥香。可作者通过分析，提出了这样的观点：时间长短不能断定朋友的优劣，新朋友并不一定比老朋友差。1more important考查形容词的比较级。由空格后的than可知，应用形容词的比较级。2an考查冠词。由空格前的“a new friend”可知，此处也应用不定冠词，表泛指。3though/although考查连词。由句意“虽然新朋友的建议可能更好，可人们总是倾向于采纳后者(老朋友)的建议”可知，应该填though或although。4disagreeing考查非谓语动词。主语i与disagree之间在逻辑上为主谓关系，且disagree和句子谓语believe表示的动作同时发生，因此用现在分词作状语。5necessarily考查词性转换。此处副词修饰形容词worse。6length考查词性转换。定冠词the之后应跟名词length，the length of time “时间的长度”。7whose考查定语从句的引导词。从句中interests是主语，其前缺少定语，故用whose，表示“的”。8yours考查代词。此处用名词性物主代词yours，相当于your interest。9will not/wont change考查动词的时态。句意：随着时间的流逝，朋友的外貌会变，可他内在的性格及他的兴趣不会变化。由句意可知，应用一般将来时的否定形式。10thus/therefore考查副词。由上下文可知，此处是对以上内容的总结。注意设空后有逗号，因而不能填连词so。.书面表达2018湖南衡阳二次联考假设你是李华，你将在学校即将举行的主题为“chinese festivals, chinese taste (中国节中国味)”的中外学生联欢会上发言。请你用英语写一篇发言稿。内容如下：从下列传统佳节食品中任选一种，介绍这种食品