（湖南专用）（新课标）高考英语二轮复习方案 专题限时集训25 科普知识型阅读理解1.doc

专题限时训练(二十五)科普知识型阅读理解(一)(限时：25分钟)(一)the forces that make japan one of the worlds most earthquakeprone(有地震倾向的) countries could become part of its longterm energy solution.water from deep below the ground at japans tens of thousands of hot springs could be used to produce electricity.although japanese hightech companies are leaders in geothermal(地热的) technology and export it, its use is limited in the nation.“japan should no doubt make use of its resources of geothermal energy，” said yoshiyasu takefuji, a leading researcher of thermalelectric power production.the disastrous earthquake and tsunami on march 11, 2011 caused a reaction against atomic power, which previously made up 30 percent of japans energy needs, and increased interest in alternative energies, which account for only 8 percent.artist yoko ono has called on japan to explore its natural energy, following the example of iceland which uses renewable energy for more than 80 percent of its needs.for now, geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in japan, which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.the biggest problem to geothermal energy is the high initial cost of the exploration and constructing the factories.another problem is that japans potentially best sites are already being developed for tourism or are located within national parks where construction is forbidden.“we cant even dig 10cm inside national parks，” said shigeto yamada of fuji electric, adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.researcher hideaki matsui said, “producing electricity by using hot springs is a decadeslong project.we also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term.”the earth policy institute in washington, the us, believed japan could produce 80，000 megawatts(兆瓦)and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology.japanese giants such as toshiba are already global leaders in geothermal technology, with a 70 percent market share.in 2010, fuji electric built the worlds largest geothermal factory in new zealand.1what would be the best title for the text?aalternative energies in japanbthe worlds largest geothermal plantcjapan takes the lead in geothermal technologydjapan thinks of geothermal energy2what percentage of japans energy needs is geothermal energy?aabout 8%. bbelow 1%.caround 30%. dover 80%.3according to shigeto yamada, the growth of geothermal power in japan needs _aa change of rulesbfinancial supportclocal peoples helpdhigh technology4geothermal energy is considered as a longterm program by _ayoshiyasu takefuji bhideaki matsuicshigeto yamada dyoko ono5it can be learned from the last two paragraphs that _athe worlds biggest geothermal plant was built by americabjapan will not export its geothermal technologycthe potential of japans geothermal energy is greatdit is hard to find geothermal energy in japan(二)last nights meteor(流星)shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers.according to gabe rothschild, emerald valleys mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky.what they found instead was a sky so brightened by the citys lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.“my family was so frustrated，” admitted town resident duane cosby.“we wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.”astronomersscientists who study stars and planetshave been complaining about this problem for decades.they say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.they call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.there is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution. this population consists of birds, bats, frogs，snakes，etc.for example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating (迁徙的)birds.according to the international darksky association，“100 million birds a year throughout north america die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”countless more animal casualties(伤亡) result from the use of artificial lighting.clearly，people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans，too.they worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a persons chances of getting cancer.emerald valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution.for years, flagstaff, arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the lowell observatory.similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.1it happened last night that _a. the citys lights affected the meteor watchingbthe meteors flew past before being noticedcthe city light show attracted many peopledthe meteor watching ended up a social outing 2what do the astronomers complain about?ameteor showers occur less often than before.btheir observation equipment is in poor repair.clight pollution has remained unsolved for years.dtheir eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting.3what is the author concerned about according to paragraph 4?a. birds may take other migration paths.banimals living habits may change suddenly.cvarieties of animals will become sharply reduced.danimals survival is threatened by outdoor lighting.4lighting regulations in flagstaff, arizona are put into effect to_alessen the chance of getting cancerbcreate an ideal observation conditioncensure citizens a good sleep at nightdenable all creatures to live in harmony5what message does the author most want to give us?asaving wildlife is saving ourselves.bgreat efforts should be made to save energy.chuman activities should be environmentally friendly.dnew equipment should be introduced for space study.(三)online clothes shoppers will be told exactly what size is best for them using new software which combines with their webcam or smart phone to form a 3d tape measure. scientists from surrey university and design experts from the london college of fashion are developing a program which can take precise waist, hip, chest and other measurements from camera images. using the persons height as a starting point, the software will be able to build up a 3d image and estimate their size at various different points on the body, based on their overall proportions.the result will be a more accurate sizing guide than previous systems based on waist size or a “small/medium/large” scale, which rely on limited measurements and the buyers perception of their own body size. shoppers and retailers(零售商) who choose to sign up for the project could save millions of pounds a year in postage costs by removing the need to order multiple sizes of the same garment(服装) and send back illfitting clothes, researchers claimed. the project, sponsored by the engineering and physical sciences research council(epsrc), is expected to be brought to market within two years. after choosing an item, the shopper will activate the software, enter their height, stand in front of their webcam or smart phone in their underwear and take a photograph.the software will not store or transmit the image to the internet, but will use it to judge the persons dimensions at various points on their body.philip delamore of the london college of fashion said, “the potential benefits for the fashion industry and for shoppers are huge. currently, its common for online shoppers to order two or three different sizes of the same item of clothing at the same time, as theyre unsure which one will fit best.”1what is the essential part of a 3d tape measure?a. a software. b. a webcam. c. a microphone. d. a smart phone.2. what can we learn about the 3d tape measure?a. it will store or transmit the image to the internet. b. it is based on the buyers perception of their size. c. it will be a coworking production. d. it uses a persons weight as a starting point. 3. compared with the traditional sizing system, a 3d tape measure is _ .a. quicker b. more precise c. more beautiful d. more vivid4. how can the 3d tape measure benefit online shoppers?aonline shoppers will get their ordered garment in time.bonline shoppers will get their ordered garment more quickly.conline shoppers will get an ordered garment of high quality.donline shoppers will get an ordered garment to their measure.5. what is the right order for a shopper to form a 3d tape measure?to take a photo with a webcam to activate the softwareto enter his/her height to judge his/her size by analysing his/her imagea. b. c. d. 专题限时训练(二十五)(一)【要点综述】 文章主要讲述了日本正在考虑开发地热能。因为日本是地震多发国家，国家地热能非常丰富，所以地热能将是日本的新型替代能源。1d主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了日本正在考虑开发地热能，围绕地热能的话题展开。故选d项。2b细节理解题。从第七段“for now，geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in japan，which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.”可知，日本地热能不到1%，主要依赖于化石燃料和原子能。故选b项。3a细节理解题。从倒数第四段“adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.”可知，要开发地热能需要将现行的规章制度进行改变，故选a项。4b细节理解题。从“researcher hideaki matsui said，producing electricity by using hot springs is a decadeslong project”可知，hideaki matsui 认为地热能是个长期的项目，故选b项。5c推理判断题。从最后两段可知，日本在地热能方面有着巨大的潜力，故选c项。(二)【要点综述】 本文是一篇科普文，主要介绍了城市的光污染对日常生活、天文学家的工作以及动物的生活都产生了消极的影响。在flagstaff，arizona已经采取了灯光管理措施。 1a 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“so brightened by the citys lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.”可知，昨天晚上由于城市的灯光太亮，影响了人们观看流星。故选a。2c细节理解题。根据第三段“have been complaining about this problem for decades. they say that light pollution prevents them from”可知，天文学家多年来一直在抱怨光污染问题未解决。故选c。3d推理判断题。根据第四段第一、二句“that suffers even more from light pollution. this population consists of birds, bats, frogs, snakes, etc.”以及本段最后一句“100 million birds a year throughoutdie in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”可知，作者第四段主要叙述的是动物也受到了光污染的影响，甚至它们的生存也受到了影响。故选d。4b推理判断题。根据第六段第二句“has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronome