贵州省思南县中学高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解精编（四）.doc

贵州思南县中学2017高考英语阅读理解一轮精编（四）阅读理解推理判断题。（2015年湖北襄阳四中、龙泉中学、荆州中学联考）are you an optimist? do you look at your glass and see it as half full? do you believe that every cloud has a silver lining and that things generally turn out for the best? do you believe that if something is meant to be, it will be? if you reply “yes” to all of these questions, then you are an optimist. you probably are enthusiastic, cheerful and outgoing. you may be successful at work and in love.but you may be misguided because things dont turn out for the best. you may believe that when on door closes another one opens(for example, you may fail to obtain a new job; another chance will come around soon). wrong. when one door closes, another door slams(砰然关上)in your face. thats bitter reality.now a book has been published which confirms what pessimists(悲观者)have suspected all along. its called the positive power of defensive pessimism. its author argues that defensive pessimism can lead to positive results. defensive pessimism is a strategy used to manage fear, anxiety and worry. defensive pessimists prepare for the tings by setting low outcomes for themselves. they carefully consider everything that may go wrong and plan for ways to handle these problems. and this gives them a sense of control. lawrence sanno, a psychology professor, says, “whats interesting about defensive pessimists is that they tend to be very successful people, so their low opinion of the situations outcomes is not realistic. they use it to motivate themselves to perform better.”so far，so good. this is not rocket science. defensive pessimists prepare carefully and consider what might go wrong, whether at work, on date or even in a sports game. it makes sense to have a back-up plan. there are many sayings in english urging caution. for example, “dont put all your eggs in one basket.”and “dont count your chickens until they hatch.” to have a confident and optimistic approach to lifes problems is good. but listen to what woody alien, the american comedian says ,”confidence is what you have before you understand the problem.”there are pros and cons to being an optimist and a pessimist. dont feel bad if you see the glass half empty. you are a realist but lighten up and hook up with someone who sees the same glass half full.1. whats the passage mainly about?a. a book that has recently been published.b. how to become successful in lifec. the dangers of being too optimistic.d. the benefits of defensive pessimism.2. the underlined sentence “ this is not rocket science”(para.4)means .a. its not a dangerous thing to dob. it is quite simple to understandc. the cost is not so highd. there is no real proof3. which of the following english expressions would a defensive pessimist believe?a. dont put all your eggs in one basket.b. the glass is half full not half empty.c. whatever will be, will be.d. every cloud has a silver lining.4. the writer would probably describe himself as .a. an optimist b. a defeatistc. a realist d. a scientist语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要说明的是防御非观主义的积极力量。防御性悲观主义者自己准备设定低的结果，他们他细考虑处理这些问题的方法，这给了他们一个很好的控制感。1. d 主旨大意题。文章在第一时间提出了人应该乐观一点会更好，接着主要计论了要做一个有意识的悲观者，因为这样的悲观者才会对以后的事情做好充分的准备，会有详细的计划和安排。那样才能有更好的结果，故d项正确。2. b 推理判断题。 谚语this is not rocket science中的rocket science 指困难的事情，指那些很难以理角的事物。本句话的意思是指“这很好理解，不是那么难 理解的事物”。故选b项正确。3. a 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段第五、六句可知，该谚语是指那些表示谨慎的谚语，故选a项符合那些defensive pessimists 的特点。故a项正确。c 推理判断题。根据第二段的最后三句“当上帝关上一扇门的时候，他会为你打开另外一扇门”。但是实际上并不总是如此，说明他对待一切是很现实的。另由文章后几段的内容可知c 项正确。【2014模拟题】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。 you know what it s likeyouve just arrived in toronto after a long flight, and all you really want to do is to lie down and relax in your hotel roombut first you have to make a few quick notes for tomorrows meeting, then check your e-mails, and perhaps print out a few thingsand you need to make a few local telephone calls, and one call home to your familyand what do you usually get? your desk is just about big enough for a cup of coffee; theres no desk lamp; the stationery （办公用品） is a couple of sheets of headed notepaper; and a pen doesnt workprinting has to be arranged with the reception, and when you try to use your cell phone you find that it wont work in canadawell, harmony is differentjust tell us in advance what youre going to need, and well see that its waiting for you when you arrivethere will be a printer in your room if you want one, and a cell phone that really worksall you have to pay for is the calls you makewe can also arrange a room for business meetings, and, using the very best employment agency, even supply a secretary to take minutesall we ask is a few days noticeall our-rooms are of the same high standard, and we guarantee not to increase prices in the next twelve monthsbut book now, because were already filling up fast, and wed hate 1:0 disappoint youharmony-the hotel you ye always wanted; but never been able to find-until now56the advertisement is intended foraairline staffbbusiness peoplecsecretariesdtourists57what must the guest do if he wants a secretary?ainform the hotel in advancebtell the reception on arrivalccall an employment agencydput up a notice in the hotel58, why is it best to book now?athe best rooms go firstbprices might increase sooncit ensures high standard roomsdrooms may become unavailable59what is special about harmonyait offers telephone calls for freebit provides printing at the receptioncit gives high standard information servicesdit makes arrangements to meet guests needs【参考答案】5659badd 阅读理解。 alex london research laboratory (alrl) is part of alex co., ltd., a major australian medicine-making company. opened in 1992, alrl specializes in the development of new medicines for the treatment of heart diseases a position is now open for a research operations manager(rom) to support our growing research team at the new laboratories in hatfield，due to open in the autumn of 2010 reporting to the director，you will help set up and run the technical and scientific support services of our new laboratories now under constructionyou will be expected to provide expert knowledge about and be in charge of all areas of alrls health and safety，and to communicate (沟通)with support employees at alrls laboratories based at university college londonworking closely with scientists and other operations and technical employees，you will manage a small number of research support employees providing services to help with the research activities to be carried out at the new laboratories candidates(申请人) will have experience of both management and research supporttechnical servicesknowledge of research operations and excellent communication skills are necessary. education to degree level is also desirable if you are interested in this position，please send your cv(简历)to alex london research laboratory，university college london，hatfield，london，w1e 6b7 or by email to alrlalex.co.uk for more informationplease visit www.alex.co.uk( ) 1. what can be learnt about the new laboratories from the text? a. they have not yet been set up b. they are in hatfield，australia c. they belong to university college london d. they are new workplaces for australian researchers only( ) 2. what are the duties of a rom，according to the text? a. to carry out research activitiesb. to be in charge of alrls health and safetyc. to help run the technical and scientific support servicesd. to manage a small number of research support employees a. a，b，c b. a，b，dc. b，c，d d. a，c，d( ) 3. what does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about? a. the technical skills of a wouldbe romb. the practical experience of a wouldbe romc. the personal information of a wouldbe romd. the necessary requirements for a wouldbe rom( ) 4. what is the purpose of the text?a. to describe the job of a romb. to provide information about alrlc. to announce an open position at alrld. to make known the opening of the new laboratories【语篇解读】本篇文章为应用性文题。提供了alex co., ltd招聘一名rom的信息，并对要招聘的职位提出了具体的要求。1答案a考点：细节理解题。解析：根据文章第二段可知新的实验室还未建立。2答案c考点：细节理解题。解析：依据文章第三自然段，you will help set up and run the technical and scientific support services ;you will be expected tobe in charge of all areas of alrls health and safety; you will manage a small number of research support employees 可得答案。3答案d考点：主旨大意题。解析：依据第四段提供的信息，申请人要有管理和技术服务的经验、研究操作的知识及极好的交际技能等可知本段主要谈及对应聘职位者的具体能力要求。4答案c考点：写作目的题。解析：本篇文章为广告招聘。目的自然是让大家了解alrl公司有一公开招聘的职位。阅读理解。somali pirates(海盗) robbed three thai fishing ships with 77 sailors on board nearly l，200 miles off the somali coast，the farthest-off-shore attack to date，an officer said tuesday.pirates have gone farther south and east in answer to increased patrols(巡逻)by warships off the somali shore. the robbing of the three ships sunday was about 600 miles outside the normal operation area for the international force，said a spokesmanthe spokesman said the attack so far out at sea was a clear sign that the international patrols against pirates were having a “marked effect on pirate activity in the area”. “once they start attacking that far out，youre not even really talking about the somali basin or areas of water that have any connection with somalia,” said an officer，roger middleton. “once youre that far out，its just the indian ocean，and it means youre looking at trade going from the gulf to asia，from asia to south africa.” this is the farthest robbing to date. they are now operating near the maldives and india,” said another officer. the three ships-the mv prantalay 11，12，and l 4had 77 members on board in totalall of them are thai, the spokesman said. before the sunday robbing，pirates held l l ships and 228 sailors.pirates have increased attacks over the past year in hopes。f catching more dollar payments. because of increased patrols and defenses on board ships，the success rate(率)has gone down，though the number of successful attacks has stayed the same year over year.( ) 1. the pirate attack reported in the text happened .a. far out in the indian oceanb. in the normal patrol areac. near the somali, coast d. in the south of africa( ) 2. according to the text, which can best describe the situation of the pirate problems?a. more goods on board are lost.b. pirate attacks happen in a larger area now.c. the number of attacks has stayed the same these years. d. pirate attacks are as serious as before along the somali coast.( ) 3. which is true about the warship patrols according to the text? a. the patrols are of little effect.b. the patrols are more difficult.c. more patrols are quite necessary even in asia.d. the patrols only drive the pirates to other areas.( ) 4. how many sailors were held by the pirates up to the time of the report?a. 228. b. 77. c. 383. d. 305.语篇分析：本篇文章为新闻报道类文体。报道索马里海盗周日抢劫三艘泰国渔船，并引用部分官员的话，让读者了解当前的索马里海盗的形势。1.答案：a考点：细节理解解析：由 “the robbing of the three ships sunday was about 600 miles outside the normal operation area for the international force”以及 “once youre that far out，its just the indian ocean”句意为“这次海盗袭击发生在国际保卫队正常保护区域六百英里外”，“一旦你到了那么远，那就是印度洋了”可得出答案。2.答案：b考点： 主旨大意解析：文章主要报道发生在周末的对泰国渔船的袭击，就此事引出索马里海盗的袭击已经超越国际保护队的正常护卫范围，而进入更深的海域。3. 答案：b考点：细节理解解析：依据 patrols against pirates were having a “marked effect on pirate activity in the area”及 “once youre that far out，its just the indian ocean，and it means youre looking at trade going from the gulf to asia，from asia to south africa.”可知巡逻明显见效，又有一旦再超过那么远，那就是印度洋，那就意味着你在看管从波斯湾到亚洲，从亚洲到南美洲的所有行线。可知应是巡逻难度加大了。4答案d考点：推理计算题。解析：由文章首句somali pirates robbed three thai fishing ships with 77 sailors on board及before the sunday robbing, pirates held 11 ships and 228 sailors.可知到发报到为止，索马里海盗应劫持水手77+228=305人。【2014模拟题】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。lumberjack artwhen people think of an artist, they probably do not imagine a lumberjack（伐木工人）cutting down trees with a chainsawyet many lumberjacks consider themselves to be artists instead ofpatiently working on a large block of hard rock, however, lumberjack artists use chainsaws tocarve their, masterpieces from woodwooden, sculptures （雕塑） created with chainsaws are perfect examples of folk art everyday tools are used to create art that focuses on subjects found in nature, such as bears or other forest animalsnot all lumberjacks are artists, but some chainsaw artists have been lumberjacksa lumberjack, who is also an artist might cut down a tree during a workdayif the stump, the bottom of the tree, is a good size, the artist might be motivated to sculpt the stump into the shape of a forest animalthe chainsaw artist might also carve other large blocks of woodsometimes a homeowner might cut down a tree in the yard and then hire a chainsaw artist to create an outdoor sculpture from the stumpso, this art owes its origins to everyday tasks and naturethe origins of chainsaw art may be humble （不起眼的）, but the practice has expanded well beyond turning a stump into a sculpturein some ways chainsaw artists are like traditional woodcarverson