2013职称英语用书.docVIP

2013职称英语用书挑选我们建议大家挑选有价值的职称英语考试用书，下面为大家挑选了非常有针对性的练习题，希望大家认真试做，提升自己的答题解题能力。Winners and Losers Why are the biggest winners in the past decade of trade globalization mostly in South and East Asia，whereas the biggest losers are mostly in theformer Soviet bloc(集团)and subSaharan Africa? History is a partial guide：East Asia has a long trading tradition，lately reinvigorated(给以新的活力)by the Chinese adoption of market economicsThe Soviet Union，on the other hand，was sheltered from freemarket forces for more than 70 yearsIn Africa，some countries are disadvantaged because of inadequate infrastructure(基础结构)；many countries have little to trade but commodities，the prices of which have fallen in recent years In some regions，certain countries have suffered by adopting misguided policies，often under pressure from International Monetary FundFirst among these is Russiawhich in the early 1990s tried to embrace capitalism before first building the institutions that make capitalism work，such as an independent bank system，a system of business law, and all adequate method for collecting taxesEncouraged by the IMF the World Bank and the USDepartment of the Treasury, President Boris Yeltsins regime privatized the stateowned industrial sector, creating a class of oligarchs(寡头政治集团成员)，who，knowing how unstable conditions were at homesent their money abroad instead of investing it at home In contrast，China，the biggest winner from globalization，did not follow the IMF formula Of the former states of the Soviet bloc，only a few，notably Poland and Hungary, managed to grow, which they did by ignoring IMF advice and adopting expansionary plansincluding spending more than they collected in taxesBotswana and Uganda are also Success stories：despite their disadvantages，their countries achieved vigorous growth by creating stable civil societies，liberalizing trade and implementing reforms that ran counter to IMF prescriptions 16 Japan has a long trading tradition A RightB WrongC Not mentioned 17 Russia was wrongly guided by the IMF A RightB WrongC Not mentioned 18 All African countries followed the IMF formula A RightB WrongC Not mentioned 19 The Soviet Union was a capitalist country A RightB WrongC Not mentioned 20 Australia is one of the biggest winners from globalization A RightB WrongC Not mentioned 21 China did not take IMF advice A RightB WrongC Not mentioned 22 Many high officials in Russia have much benefited from privatization A RightB WrongC Not mentioned 答案解析 16答案为A 这道题的依据是第一段中的一句话：East Asia has a long trading tradition日本是东亚国家，因而具有悠久的贸易历史。 17答案为A 本题的依据可以在第二段的开头找到，文章说有些国家常常是在有压力的情况下采取了国际货币基金组织(IMF)误导的政策，俄罗斯就是这些国家中的一个。 18答案为B 在文章的最后一段提到了一些因为没有按照IMF的模式去发展而获得成功的例子，其中提到两个非洲国家Botswana和Uganda，因而说所有非洲国家都采纳IMF模式的说法是不对的。 19答案为B 第一段里有_句话：rhe Soviet Union，lon the other hand。was sheltered fromfreemanet forces formore than 70 years70多年不搞市场经济的国家自然不会是资本主义国家。 20答案为C 文中没有提到澳大利亚。 21答案为A 本题的依据是文章最后一段的第一句话： ，China，the biggest，winner from globalization，did not follow the IMF formula即中国没有按照IMF的建议去做。 22答案为C 在第二段的末尾讲到前苏联搞私有化的事，但没有说有高官在私有化过程中受益。 Irradiating Food Irradiating fruits, vegetables, pork and chicken to kill insects and bacteria has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration over the past decade or so. Irradiation of other meats, such as beef and lamb, is being reviewed. Federal approval does not require that industry adopt the process, and few food processors presently offer irradiated products. Market studies have shown that many consumers are afraid that eating irradiated foods may cause cancer, despite scientific studies that prove the safety of treated foods. Some people argue that more severe government inspection, higher food-safety standards, and more careful-preparation practices by consumers are all that is needed to ensure that food is safe. Consequently, companies currently see no need to spend millions of dollars outfitting processing plants with the equipment necessary for a process that very few shoppers are in favor of. All supermarkets that sell irradiated food must label the food either directly on the packaging, or, in the case of bulk items like fruits and vegetables, by placing a sign nearby. There is no requirement for the labeling of irradiated food served by chain restaurants or hospitals that buy directly from distributors, nor any regulations for products that contain irradiated ingredients. Presently, the FDA allows food to be treated with three types of radiation - gamma rays, high-energy electrons, and X rays - and sets limits on doses, depending on the type of food. The principle is that the dose to be used for a certain type of food should not exceed the amount that is sufficient to kill most harmful insects and bacteria present in it. Different types of food, because of their molecular compositions, may require different doses of radiation. 1. According to the passage, killing insects and bacteria present in foods by irradiating is not completely approved by the US government. A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned 2. There are quite a number of food processors which are interested in producing irritated foods. A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned 3. Some consumers are doubtful of the safety of irradiated foods and suggest a more severe government inspection be taken. A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned 4. Some companies foresee the promising future of setting up food processing factories, although they do not see the need now. A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned 5. It is required that labels placed on irradiated food or nearby bulk items such as vegetables and fruits should indicate irradiated ingredients. A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned 6. Restaurants can serve irradiated food bought directly from distributors without labeling it. A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned 7. The passage tells us that FDA approves irradiating food to some extent but irradiated food is not widely accepted. A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned 参考答案：1. A2.C3. A4. C5. B6. A7. A We hire talent. Those are the words of Rod Franz, a civil service computer technology director, responding to the question of opportunities for women who are interested in pursuing careers as computer technicians. On at least one of three shifts in his operation, the male-female ratio is 50 - 50. That is not surprising because government and educational institutes are required by the law to make every effort to open hiring opportunities to women and minority workers. What may be even more interesting to young women is that, according to Franz, private industry is hiring women and minorities away from us. And, since private industry pays more, it succeeds. Managers in the rapidly growing computer service field are quick to agree. They strongly encourage women to train for technician jobs, and they actively recruit female technicians across the country. They believe that this career field offers a wealth of possibility for women. A recent study by the Devry Institute of Technology that involved 100 employment managers in the Chicago area showed, too, that the number of women entering the field of computer science is on the rise, and that those already in the field are moving up. A significant increase in the number of women in technical positions over the past five years was reported by 68 percent of the managers. Overall, companies reported a 20 percent increase in the number of women hired. The Devry study showed a strong willingness on the part of employment managers to hire qualified women. In jobs traditionally considered male positions, the stereotype is quickly being eroded. Companies want to hire well-qualified people, people who know what they are doing, according to the study. Personnel（人事部门）managers interviewed ranked specific skills and education as the primary qualifications for employment and, of the two, skills were clearly preferred. We hire talent are three key words. Employers want workers who are skilled and experienced on the particular equipment or in the specific area of work where their need is. 16. Government and educational institutes are required