2016职称英语真题及答案解析.doc

2016职称英语真题及答案解析2016年职称英语考试真题、模拟题尽收其中，千名业界权威名师精心解析，精细化试题分析、完美解析一网打尽！在线做题就选针题库：/29Bkqkd（选中链接后点击“打开链接”）第1部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1.The news willhorrifyeveryone.A.attractB.terrifyC.temptD.excite2.The articlesketched the major events of the decade.A.describedB.offeredC.outlinedD.presented3.I wonttolerate that kind of behavior.A.bearB.acceptC.admitD.take4.Their style of playing football isutterly different.A.barelyB.scarcelyC.hardlyD.totally5.Her sisterurged her to apply for the job.A.advisedB.causedC.forcedD.promised6.Even sensible men doabsurd things.A.unusualB.ridiculousC.specialD.typical7.Shebumpedinot her boyfriend in town this morning.A.walkedB.cameC.fledD.ran8.This sort of thing isbound to happen.A.sureB.quickC.fastD.swift9.At the age of 30,Hersey suddenly became acelebrity.A.bossB.managerC.starD.dictator10.He cannotdiscriminate between a good idea and a bad one.A.judgeB.assessC.distinguishD.recognize11.They are concerned for the fate of the forest and the lndians whodwell in it.A.liveB.sleepC.hideD.gather12.The index is the governments chiefgauge of future economic activity.A.methodB.measureC.wayD.manner13.The architecture isharmoniousand no building is over six-storey high.A.old-fashionedB.traditionalC.conventionalD.balanced14.The food isinadequate for ten people.A.demandedB.qualifiedC.insufficientD.required15.Shepersevered in her ideas despite obvious objections raised by friends.A.persistedB.insistedC.resistedD.suggested第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题，第题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.Creating a World without SmokingSmoking will be banned in all pubs,clubs and workplaces from next year affter historic votes in the Commons last night.After last-minute appeals from health campaigners,MPs opted for a blanket prohibition which will start in summer 2007,ending months of argumeng over whether smokers should be barred in pubs and restaurants only.They voted to ban smoking in all pubs and clubs by 384 to 184,a surprisingly large majority of 200.Smoking will still be allowed in the home and in places considered to be homes,such as prisons,care homes and hotels.Smokers lighting up in banned areas will face a fixed penality notice of 50 and spot fines of 200 will be introduced for failing to display no-smoking signs,with the possible penalty,if the issue goes to court,increasing to 1,000.Carpline Flint,the Public Health Minister,also announced that the fine for failing to stop people smoking in banned areas would be increased to 2,500-more than ten times the 200 originally proposed.The Bill also allows the Government to increase the age for buying cigarettes.Ministers will consult on raising it from 16 to 18.The Bill now goes to the Lords but will be through by the summer recess.Even a plan to allow smoking to continue in private clubs was thrown out as MPs on all sides were given permission to vote with their conscience rather than on a party line.Patricia Hewitt,the Health Secretary,said the Health Bill would ban smoking invirtually every enclosed public place and workplacein England and save thousands of lives a year.Smoke-free workplaces and public placeswill become the norm.She said:An additional 600,000 people will give up smoking as a result of this law and millions more will be protected from second-hand smoke.Peter Hollins,director-general of the British Heart Foundation,said:The vote is a landmark victory for the public health of this country and will save the lives of many people.16.A ban on smoking in all pubs,clubs and workplaces will begin in summer 2007.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned17.The law doesnt seem to apply to officials.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned18.One can nevertheless smoke at home.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned19.There is a possibility for the Government to raise the age for buying cigarettes.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned20.The Government will shut down cigarette factories in large numbers.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned21.The Government will definitely impose a much heavier tax on tobacco.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned22.The Government will take necessary measures to help smokers give up smoking.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。Things to Know about the UK1From Buckingham Palace to Oxford,the UK is loaded with wonderful icons（标志）of past eras.But it has also modernized with confidence.Its now better known for vibrant（充满活力的）cities with great nightlife and attraction.Fashions,fine dining,clubbing,shopping-the UK is among the worlds best.2Most people have strong preconceptions about the British.But if youre one of these people,youd be wise to abandon those ideas.Visit a nightclub in one of the big cities,a football match,or a good local pub and you might more readily describe the English people as humorous and hospitable.Its certainly true that no other country in the world has more bird-watchers,sports supporters,pet owners and gardeners than the UK.3Getting around England is pretty easy.Budget（廉价的）airlines like Easyjet and Rynnair fly domestically.Trains can deliver you very efficiently from one major city to another.Long distance express buses are called coaches.Where coaches and buses run on the same route,coaches are more expensive （though quicker） than buses.Londons famous black cabs are excellent but expensive.Minicabs are cheaper competitors,with freelance（个体的）drivers.But usually you need to give a call first.Londons underground is called the Tube.Its very convenient and can get you to almost any part of the city.4The UK is not famous for its food.But you still need to know some of the traditional English foods.The most famous must be fish and chips.The fish and chips are deep fried in flour.English breakfast is something you need to try.It is fried bacon,sausages,fried eggs,black pudding,fried tomatoes,fried bread and baked beans,with toast and a pot of tea.Other things like shepherds pie and Yorkshire pudding are also well-known as a part of English food culture.5Pubbing and clubbing are the main forms of English nightlife,especially for the young.Pubbing means going to a pub with friends,having drinks,and chatting.Clubbing is different from pubbing and includes going to a pub,or a place of music,or a bar,or any other places to gather with friends.Clubbing can be found everywhere.Usually there is some kind of dress code for clubbing,such as no jeans,no sportswear,or smart clubwear,while pubbing is much more casual.23.Paragraph 2.24.Paragraph 3.25.Paragraph 4.26.Paragraph 5.AEducationBPeopleCTransportDDrinksEFoodFNightlife27.The UK is a country that is.28.The British people are.29.Coaches in the UK are.30.Fish and chips are.Afaster but more expensive than busesBboth ancient and modernChumorous and hospitableDcheap and efficientEtraditional and famousFclever and hardworking下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。Hypertension Drugs Found to Cut Risk of StrokeAustralian doctors declared Monday that a cocktail of simpleantihypertensive drugs can lower the risk of patients suffering a repeat strokeby more than a third. This is the result of their research. The research,presented at a medical conference in Italy over the weekend, has been valuedhighly as a major breakthrough in stroke prevention.Strokes kill 5 million people a year, and more than 15 millionsuffer non-fatal strokes that often leave them with useless limbs, slurredspeech and other serious disabilities. One in five stroke survivors goes on tohave a second, often fatal, stroke within five years of the first.An international six-year study of 6,100 patients directed fromSydney University found that by taking two blood pressure-lowering drugs, therisk of secondary strokes can be reduced by up to 40 per cent. Even taking oneof the commonly available drugs can cut the risk by a third, the study said.The drugs are the diuretic indapamide and the ACE inhibitor1 perindopril,better known by its brand name Coversyl. The combination was effective even inpatients who did not have high blood pressure, the researchers said. They evenfound that the risk of another stroke could be cut by three quarters among theone-in-ten patients who had suffered a cerebral hemorrhage, the worst type ofstroke, where there is direct bleeding into the brain.Stephen McMahon, who presented the research at the Milan congress ofthe European Society of Hypertension, said about 50 million people were alivewho had suffered at least one stroke. “If most of those patients were able toget access to2 this treatment, it would result in3 maybe the avoidance of halfa million strokes a year,” the professor told Australias ABC Radio.McMahon said doctors had long known that lowering the blood pressureof those with hypertension could help prevent strokes.” What we have shown forthe first time is that it does not really matter what your blood pressure is4；if you havehad a stroke, then lowering blood pressure will produce large benefits, tobegin with5even for people whose blood pressure is average or below average,”he said.McMahon said the Milan gathering had heralded the research as a “majorbreakthrough in the care of patients with strokes perhaps thebiggest step forward that we have made in the last couple of decades”.下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，请根据短文内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。SaunaCeremonial (仪式性的) bathing hasexisted for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna. TheFinns have perfected the steam bath, or sauna, which may be taken, usually inan enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as a dry heat bath.TheJapanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms ofthe sweat bath in their bathing rituals.(46) Dry heat and steam baths hadadvocates in ancient Rome and pre-Columbian Americans used sweat lodges.The earliest saunas were probablyunderground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimneymaking was unknown at that time. A fire kept in a fire-pit would heat the rockwalls of the cave. After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the caveand the stones would retain heat for several hours.A few people today saythat the smoke sauna, “savusauna”, is the only true sauna experience and thatall saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke.(47) Today mostsaunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available.Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving. Thosewith muscle aches or arthritis (关节炎) may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain andinflammation (炎症). Asthma (气喘) patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lungand facilitates breathing. Saunas do not cure the common cold but they may helpto alleviate congestion (阻塞) arid speed recovery time.The bodys core temperature usuallyrises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever.(48)The sauna could be considered to follow the old saying “feed a cold, starvea fever”. The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting acold in the first place.Sauna is good for your skin as the bloodflow to the skin increases and sweating occurs. Adults sweat about 2 lbs ofwater per hour on average in a sauna. A good sweat removes dirt and grime frompores and gives the skin a healthy glow. The loss in water weight is temporaryas the bodys physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes.Thecardio vascular system gets a work out as the heart must pump harder and fasterto move blood to the surface for heat exchange.(49) Heart rate mayincrease from 72 beats per minute on average to 100-150 beats per minute.A normal heart can handle these stressesbut those with heart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna should seek adoctors advice. The elderly and those with diabetes should check with theirdoctor prior to beginning to take saunas.Pregnant women should not takesaunas, particularly in the first three months.(50) Indeed, everyone juststarting out should take short sessions at first to become accustomed to thistype of bath.Deforestation and Desertification(沙漠化)The Sahel zone lies between the Sahara desert and the fertilesavannahs(热带大草原）of northern Nigeria and South Sudan. The word sahel comes from Arabic and means marginal or transitional ,andthis is a good description of these semi-arid (半干旱）lands, whichoccupy much of the Western African countries of Mail, Mauritania, Niger, andChad.Unfortunately, over the last century the Sahara desert has steadilycrept southwards eating into once productive Sahel lands. United Nationssurveys show that over 70 percent of the dry land in agriculture use in Africahas deteriorated over the last 30 years. Droughts have become more severe, themost recent lasting over twenty years in parts of the Sahel region. The sameprocess of desertification is taking place across southern Africa as theKalahari desert advances into Botswana and parts of South AfricaOne of the major causes of this desert advance is poor agriculturalland use, driven by the pressures of increasing population. Overgrazing 一 keeping toomany farm animals on the land一 means that grasses and other plants cannot recover, and scarcewater supplies are exhausted. Overcultivation 一 trying to grow toomany crops on poor land 一 results in the soil becoming even less fertile and drier, andbeginning to break up. Soil erosion (侵蚀) follows, and theland turns into desert.Another cause of desertification is loss of tree cover. Trees arecut down for use as fuel and to clear land for agricultural use. Tree rootshelp to bind the soil together, to conserve moisture, and to provide a habitatfor other plants and animals. When trees are cut down, the soil begins to dryand loosen, wind and rain erosion increase, other plant species die, andeventually the fertile topsoil may be almost entirely lost, leaving only barerock and dust.The effects of loss of topsoil and increased drought are irreversible.They are, however, preventable. Careful conservation of tree cover andsustainable agricultural land use have been shown to halt deterioration ofsoils and lessen the effects of shortage of rainfall. One project in Kita insouth-west Mali funded by UNDP has involved local communities in sustainablemanagement of forest, while at the same time providing a viable(有活力的）agriculturaleconomy. This may be a model for similar projects in other West Africancountries.36The Sahel zone is anarea which _.A.is covered with sad and grassB. has a long historyC. occupies much of South NigeriaD. belongs to Sudan37. What is the situation about thedesertification in Africa?A. The deserts are replaced with grasslandsB.The deserts are expandingC. the deserts are moving northwardsD. the deserts are being deserted38. The word “deteriorated ” in paragraph 2means _.A. deepenedB. sufferedC. slippedD.worsened39. What is the root cause ofdesertification?A.poor farmingB. overpopulationC. radical climate changeD. disappearance of rare plant species40. In order to prevent desertification, theauthor proposes