（遵义专版）中考英语命题研究 第2部分 语法专题突破 专题五 介词和介词短语（精讲）试题.doc

专题五介词和介词短语,遵义中考五年命题规律及趋势考纲要求1.介词2.介词短语考查点年份题号考查角度选项设置分值介词辨析201625方位介词along/across/above1分36时间介词on/in/at1.5分77时间介词duringduring1分201590时间介词insince1分201328范围介词besides/except/beside1分45with表附带in/with/by1.5分87时间介词inon1分201283动词转化为介词includeincluding1.5分91动词与介词混用crossacross1分固定搭配201688固定搭配ofin1分201525固定短语by_the_way/on the way/in the way1分44固定搭配on/under/in1.5分74固定短语afterlook_after1分201432固定短语in/for/on1分201321固定短语after/above/around1分201223固定短语under_pressure/with pressure/without family1分介词是遵义中考单项选择的必考点，主要考查介词的固定搭配和固定短语，如in the sun；its adjof sb. to do sth.；by the way(顺便说一下)；look after；around the world(全世界)。同时也注重on的基本用法，如：on表时间、方位、方向等，同时涉及on与其他介词的辨析，如与in，under，for，by等。另外，完形填空中也会涉及介词或介词短语的辨析，如：with表“附带”，on表时间；同时涉及其他介词的辨析，如under，for，into，of等。此外，也涉及到了介词的固定搭配，如：in the sun(阳光下)等。预计2017年遵义中考的单项选择仍会与2016保持一致，对介词考查不会有太大变化。,遵义中考重难点突破介词【满分点拨】一、时间介词的辨析和用法1in，on，at介词用法举例at时间的某一时刻，即：具体的“点”。at half past ten在十点半at one oclock在一点某个节日期间(不仅仅是当天)。at christmas在圣诞节at the spring festival在春节on表示具体的某日或星期。on september 1st 在9月1号on monday/weekdays在星期一/工作日表示某个特定的上午、下午、晚上或节日。on saturday morning/afternoon在周六早上/下午on a cold morning在一个寒冷的早晨on national day在国庆节in较长的一段时间(如：世纪、年代、季节、月份等)。in the 21st century在21世纪in summer在夏季in july of 2016在2016年7月泛指的上下午、傍晚、白天等。in the morning/afternoon/evening/day在上午/下午/晚上/白天口诀记忆年月周前要用in，具体日子却不行；遇到几号要用on，上午下午又用in；要说某日上下午，用on替换in才行；午夜黄昏和黎明，只用at不用in，at也在时分前。2in，after介词用法举例in“in时间段”表示“(将来)以后”。they will finish the work in an hour.他们一个小时后将完成工作。after与将来时连用表示“之后”，后接时间点。hell come back after two oclock.他两点后将回来。与过去时连用表示“之后”，后接时间段。he got back from the us after two weeks.两周后他从美国返回了。二、地点、方位介词的辨析和用法1at，on，in介词用法举例at用于较小的场所前(如：建筑物、公共机关等)；用于门牌号码前。at the station在车站；at 403 avenue street在403林荫街道in用于较大的地方前(如：国家、城市、乡镇、地域等)。in the city在城市in guilin在桂林in china在中国在周围的环境是立体的地方。(即：)。in a forest在森林里in the classroom在教室里on与表面相接触(即：)。on the floor在地板上在任何广阔的面上。on the farm/moon在农场/在月亮上2.over，above，under，below介词用法图示举例over“在正上方”，表示两者不接触。we can build a bridge over the river.我们可以在河上建一座桥。续表介词用法图示举例under“在正下方”，表示两者不接触。my cat is lying under the chair.我的猫正躺在椅子下面。above“在的上方”，表示两者不接触，不一定垂直。the plane is flying above the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。below“在的下方”，表示两者不接触，不一定垂直。the coat reaches below the knees.那件大衣盖过膝盖。三、方式、手段或工具介词的辨析和用法介词用法例句withwith工具“借助于”；withsb.“和一起”；withsth.“常有；具有”。i often do my homework with a pen.我经常用钢笔写家庭作业。in表示使用某种语言，用墨水、颜色、颜料等原料，在名词前不加冠词。can you say it in english？你能用英语说吗？by表示某种方式或手段，在名词前不加冠词。this pair of shoes is made by hand.这双鞋是手工制作的。on表示借助、通过某一器械、机器，在名词前一般加冠词the。i could do it on the computer.我能在电脑上做它。四、其他常见介词的用法1over“遍及；超过”，如：there are over two hundred people in the park.公园里有两百多人。2against“反对”，如：we will play against them this afternoon.今天下午我们跟他们比赛。3into“在里”，如：come into the room.进入房间。4from“从”，如：from monday to friday.从星期一到星期五。5for“为；给”，如：mother bought a pen for me.妈妈给我买了一支钢笔。6of“的”，如：a map of china一幅中国地图7without“没有”，如：he often goes to work without breakfast.他经常不吃早餐就去上班。8to“给；对；到；往”，如：give a kite to me把风筝给我【考点抢测】( c )1.(2016威海中考)id like to hold our next meeting _ june 23rd.is that ok for you?ainbatcon( a )2.(2016丹东中考)some people are used to getting up late _ a cold morning.aon bin cat( c )3.(2016河南中考)its so cold outside.remember to close the door _ you when you leave.abeside bbefore cbehind( a )4.could you tell me the way to the science museum，please?yes.walk along this street，youll see it _ your left.its _ the bank and the shop.aon；betweenbin；amongcfor；on( b )5._ my surprise，they have nothing _ common.ain；inbto；incwith；on( b )6.lisa was born on may 1st，and my birthday is also _ that month.aover bin con( b )7.most of my classmates go to school _ bike.aat bby con( a )8._ the book，the teacher comes into the classroom.awith bat con( c )9.before the bridge was built _ the river，the villagers had to take a boat to the other side.ain bbeside cacross( b )10.she showed them _ the city，which is famous _ the world.aabout；at baround；incthrough；in介词短语【满分点拨】介词名词at home在家里；at school在学校；at noon在中午；at night在晚上；at work在工作；at the same time同时；at times有时；at breakfast早餐时；at midnight在午夜；at the moment在此刻；at last最后；after a while过了一会by bus乘公共汽车；by the way顺便说；by the time到时候；by mistake错误地in hospital住院；in the end最后；in order整整齐齐；in order to以便；in no time很快就；in the daytime在白天；in turn轮流；in time及时；in front of在前方；in the future将来的某个时刻；in fact事实上on the way在路上；on show展出；on display陈列；on fire着火；on duty值日；on the other hand另一方面；on foot步行；on business出差；on holiday在休假；on the telephone在接(打)电话；on time准时；on the left/right在左边/右边；on sale在出售；on watch值班；on the earth在地球上with pleasure很乐意；with ones help在某人的帮助下be形容词介词be amazed at对感到惊讶；be angry with sb.生(某人的)气；be afraid of害怕；be busy with忙于做；be good at擅长于；be full of充满be excited about对感到兴奋；be kind to对和善；be interested in对感兴趣be famous for因而著名；be late for迟到；be popular with受欢迎be pleased with对感到满意；be proud of对感到骄傲；be ready for为准备好；be satisfied with对满意；be worried about为担心续表动词介词listen to听讲话；pay for付钱；point to指向；point at指着；send for派人去叫；run across碰到；talk about谈论；think about考虑；wait for等候；write to写信给；worry about担心；laugh at嘲笑；fall behind落在后面；knock at敲agree with同意；ask for请求；begin with以开始；come from出生，来自；die of死于；get on/off上车/下车；fillwith用装；fall off从落下；hear from收到(某人)的信；hear of听说；go to bed去睡觉；go to school去上学；look at看；look for寻找；look after照顾介词名词介词on the top of在顶端in the middle of在中间；in the front of在前面；in the east of在东部by means of借助；at the beginning of起初；by the end of到为止at the age of在岁时；at the head of在前头；at the foot of在脚下；【考点抢测】( b )1.(2016山西中考)pandas are muchloved around the world.unluckily，there arent many pandas left and theyre _ now.so we must save them.ain orderbin dangercin need( c )2.many teenagers put mobile gaming_ other things and spend too much time on it.thats re