PracticalEnglish财经英汉小典.doc

Practical English: 财经英汉小典1 Reserve requirement ratio 存款储备金率The reserve requirement is a bank regulation that sets the minimum reserves each bank must hold to customer deposits and notes. Reserve requirement ratio is the percentage of bank reserves to the total of deposits and notes.存款准备金是银行监管机构限定的为保证客户存款和清算每个银行必须持有的最小的储备金额。存款准备金率就是存款准备金占其存款总额的比例。例如：The Peoples Bank of China (PBOC) announced on Tuesday to raise the deposit reserve requirement ratio by 0.5 percentage points from Jan. 18 this year.中国人民银行周四宣布从1月18日起将存款储备金率提高0.5个白分点。2 Capital adequacy ratio (CAR) 资本充足率Capital adequacy ratio (CAR), also called Capital to Risk (Weighted) Assets Ratio (CRAR), is a ratio of a banks capital to its risk.资本充足率，也称为资本风险（加权）资产率,是资本充足率是指资本总额与加权风险资产总额的比例。例如：After a year of record lending, most Chinese commercial banks face decreases in their capital adequacy ratios.经过一年的天量贷款，中国大部分的商业银行都面临着资本充足率的下降。3 Hot money 热钱In economics, hot money refers to funds which flow into a country to take advantage of a favourable interest rate, and therefore obtain higher returns.在经济学中，热钱是指为了追求汇率更优的汇率，并因此获得更高的回报而流入一个国家的资本。例如：Hot money in China may reach $122 billion in the second quarter under the Chinese statistical method, according to Wednesdays China Securities Journal.据中国证券报周三报道，按照中国的统计方式计算，第二季度涌入中国的热钱达到1220亿。4 Open-market operation 公开市场操作The open market operation refers to the buying and selling of government securities by a central bank in order to control the money supply.公开市场操作是中央银行为了控制货币供应吞吐政府债券的行为。例如：The Peoples Bank of China (PBoC) increased the one-year bill yield by 8.3 basis points in its open market operation Tuesday.中国人民银行在周二公开市场操作中将一年期央票的利率提升了8.3个基点。5 Discount rate 贴现率The discount rate is an interest rate a central bank charges to to commercial banks and other depository institutions as cost on loans they receive from it.指中央银行为商业银行或者其他储蓄机构所收取贷款利率，作为其向中央银行借贷的成本。例如：They further elaborated that State Bank Wednesday slashed cut- off yield on its 3-, 6-, and 12-month Treasury Bills which is a clear indication that it would cut key discount rate as well.他们进一步解释说国家银行周三减少了其3月、6月及1年期的国库券发行率，这表明国家银行也会降低关键贴现率。6 Swap rate 掉期率掉期率是指远期交易率和即期交易率之间的差额。The swap rate is the margin between the forward exchange rate and the spot rate.例如：According to the report, 68 SOEs were engaged in financial derivative products, including commodities futures, swap rates, interest-rate swaps, options and structured deposits.据报道，68家国有企业从事金融派生产品，包括商品期货，掉期率，利率差，期权和结构性存款。7 Export tax rebate出口退税Export tax rebate refers to the indirect tax that the tax authorities returns to the exporters that they paid in the production and distribution process出口退税是指税收部门向出口商返还的其在生产及经销过程中支付的间接税。例如：The Ministry of Commerce is considering one adjustment program that includes an export tax rebate for light industrial products and electromechanical products.商务部正在考虑一项包括对轻工业和电动机械产品实现出口退税的调整计划。8 Window guidance 窗口化指导Window Guidance is the guidance used to persuade banks and other financial institutions to keep to official guidelines.窗口化指导是指用来劝说银行和其他金融机构遵守政府方针的指导。例如：As far as the supervision is concerned, the Peoples Bank of China encourage