SAMMIE人机分析.doc

SAMMIE CAD Consultacy SAMMIE CAD Limited is an ergonomics design consultancy in addition to the developer of the SAMMIE system. Since 1986 we have provided ergonomics services to over 150 companies world-wide. We have completed over 300 design projects covering a broad range of application areas, including cars, buses, train cabs, trucks, military vehicles, aircraft cockpits, aircraft seating, industrial workstations, health & safety audits and risk assessments,manufacturing workstations, control rooms, industrial vehicles, software interfaces, retail shop furniture and contained processes involving hazardous substances or ultra hygienic environments. About 60% of our work tends to involve use of the SAMMIE system, the remainder is of a more traditional nature including user trials with mock-ups and prototypes (including: passenger emergency exit from underground trains, user clinic tests with train cab and car cockpit prototypes, and passenger seat comfort evaluations for trains and aircraft), data collection surveys and user questionnaires, product testing and long term research or experimentation. We are able to build a variety of mock-ups and test rigs ourselves and enjoy a close working relationship with the Vehicle Ergonomics Group and Human Sciences Department at Loughborough University who provide us with a wide range of additional design and engineering skills together with their extensive facilities. SAMMIE CAD Limited is an Ergonomics Society Registered Consultancy and was the recipient of the Ergonomics Societys Otto Endholm Award 1994. Our special areas of expertise and competence include: Accidents and Health & Safety at Work Anatomy & Anthropometry in Human Activities Control Room Design Computer Software Ergonomics Computer Terminals - Design & Layout Design & Layout of Controls and Displays Design of Control Rooms Design for Disability Environmental Ergonomics Expert Witness - Various Work Situations Human-Computer Interface Design & Assessment Human Modelling and Work Task Simulation Industrial / Commercial Workplace Design Manual Handling of Loads - Assessment Manual Handling of Loads - Safety & Training Office Ergonomics & Design Physiological & Medical Ergonomics Product Design & Consumer Ergonomics Risk Assessments - Various Working Situations Seat Pressure Distribution Mapping Specific Ergonomics Applications Systems Analysis Task Analysis Training - for Management & Staff User Trials Usability Assessments Work Related Musculoskeletal Problems Vehicle Transport Ergonomics Workplace Audits We like to work closely with our clients in order to develop acceptable solutions to any design problems that come to light during our evaluations. The SAMMIE system is easily portable and we are happy to conduct work at your site to help reduce time scales and improve communication. We can construct CAD models or mock-ups from technical drawings and from CAD data. Many projects can be completed within a 5-10 day period and we provide a variety of reporting formats, including formal or video presentations and written reports. We are happy to work and present ourselves as an integral part of your company or as a fully independent organisation, depending upon your requirements. We offer a range of competitive daily rates depending upon the length of project work and we would be happy to provide quotations for any prospective contract work that your company may have. Automotive Consultancy As people spend increasingly large amounts of time in their cars they have come to expect and demand a vehicle package and interface that allows them to drive safely, comfortably and with competence. SAMMIE has proved to be extremely useful to vehicle designers in helping to satisfy these demands by enabling them to develop their vehicles around the needs and requirements of the user population at the earliest stages of design. We have conducted a wide range of evaluation projects for Automotive companies covering:- Occupant Packaging Layout of Controls and Displays Assessments of Access and Egress Internal and External Vision Design For Disability Mirror Design and Evaluation Seating, Posture and Comfort Component and Vehicle Assembly Maintenance Activities Seat Comfort Evaluations Seat Pressure Distribution Mapping We worked extensively on concept vehicle designs for Rover and Jaguar and more recently on the package design for the Fiat Punto (see reversing driver image) and later the Fiat Brava/Bravo models, which went on to become Cars of the Year in 1996 an 1997 respectively. Most recently have been involved in evaluations of prototype and concept interior designs for Rolls Royce Motor Cars. SAMMIE was also involved in the development of the Coventry Light Weight Sports Car (Porter & Porter 1998) which was specifically designed to suit the needs and requirements of the proposed user population from the outset. Human models representing the range of user sizes were positioned in SAMMIE in comfortable driving postures using quite basic models of the seats and controls. These human manikins were then exported to Alias for the detailed design work. The designers developed the vehicle package around the SAMMIE manikin space envelope representing the occupants, a fairly rare example of designing from the inside out. Two views of the car are shown below; on the left the Alias model being developed around a SAMMIE human model, on the right the actual car on display at the 1998 Motor Show.Projects Include Package assessments of concept cars for Rolls Royce Motor Cars Determination of realistic driver seat positions and postures (RRMC) Development of minimum sized legal and usable mirrors Driver accommodation assessment in a sports car (RFA) Comparative Study of In-Car Navigation Systems Determination of distance from air bag of small females Package development for Coventry LSC Multifunction Control Pod Concept Development Seat Access and Egress studies for large luxury car Component assembly workstation evaluation Rear seat occupant space assessment Assessment of driver vision Production Line Workstation Design Determination of drivers visual field Determination of useful ranges of steering wheel adjustment Assessment of fit for Europe wide population (Punto) Evaluation of vision to displays Subjective Seat Comfort Evaluations of Fiat Bravo Prototypes Display Package Design Seat Pressure Distribution Maps for Van Drivers Comparative Study of Car Seating Concepts for Fiat Cars Package Evaluation of Rover concept car Formula One Car Seat Development User trial assessment of Concept Vehicle Mockup for RRMC Ride & Drive User Trial Assessments of Rover Prototype Car Comparative Subjective Assessments of 3 passenger cars Industrial Consultancy The health & safety of the workplace has become increasingly important as industrial systems and tasks have become more complex. Changes to UK and EU legislation which enforce risk assessment and reduction require that the designers of industrial, commercial and retail systems take account of the needs and capabilities of users from the earliest stages of system development. SAMMIE CAD provide a range of services to support the development of safe, useable workplaces and equipment that suit the needs of the entire user population. We have been heavily involved in the design and evaluation of industrial workplaces and workstations for national and international companies, including Glaxo Welcome, 3M, Rhone Merrieux, Boots, Total Process Containment, Glaxo Singapore, London Taxis International, Lancing Linde, BNFL, CEGB and others. Our work has included production line audits and evaluations, assembly workstation design, job design, task analysis, work activity analysis, work task simulation, process control room and control panel design, workplace layout evaluations, environmental assessments, warehousing, materials handling and lifting assessments, risk assessments, occupational health audits, health & safety training, handling and lifting training, machine maintenance and setup analysis, and design of environmentally contained processes and specialized industrial vehicles and machinery. Projects Include Task description Macros (See - Research) Press-shop lifting assessment for London Taxis International Packaging line layout design for 3M Fork lift truck design for Lancing Linde Manual Handling Assessments for LTI Product handling for Avon Cosmetics Workplace H & S Audit for LTI Safety Assessment of Rising Security Screens in banks (SPE New Zealand) Product testing station for 3M Production Process evaluations for Glaxo Anti-Fatigue Floor Matting Assessments Production line assessment for Boots Contained process station for Rhone Merriuex Steel mill control room for BHP (Australia) Contained process station for Glaxo (Singapore) Supermarket checkout design for Tesco Risk assessment for Plasma Cutting tool Customer Service station for John Lewis Cashier stations for Waitrose Contained Product Dryer Design Product assembly station Glove port design for TPC Lifting assessments in metal work shop Component loading station Fine Part Assembly workstations for CEG Electric vehicle evaluation Process control workstation Materials handling aid design Sheet metal handling assessment Deli counter design Packing StationRedesigned Concept EvaluationRail Consultancy Designers and builders of modern rail vehicles find themselves increasingly under pressure from both operators, drivers and legislators to pay greater attention to ergonomics in cab design (i.e. vehicle usability, driver posture, comfort, health and safety must be designed for with the aim of minimising workplace induced stress, injury and human error). The traditional approach to ergonomics in design with user trial evaluations of prototypes can be time consuming and costly and should really be used for fine tuning a concept, not fundamental design. SAMMIE CAD Ltd. have been able to help rail vehicle designers to satisfy ergonomics criteria in a more efficient and cost effective manner using SAMMIE, our proprietary human modelling system. We have worked on a variety of tram, metro light and main line rail design projects both UK and International clients. Our main areas of expertise are workplace/workstation design, cab design, passenger seating layout, systems integration, cab equipment packaging, design for disabled passengers and visualisation. Many of our rail projects have involved the generation of innovative solutions to complex design problems, often while major structural design changes are made during concept development. Often such projects involve complex equipment packaging issues as well as development of an ergonomic drivers workstation. We like to work as part of the overall design team in order that the nature of detected problems can be effectively communicated amongst all the stake holders and so that the whole team can have a direct input into generating and investigating alternative solutions. We have worked closely on rail projects with Cambridge Ergonomics Limited (CEG) and Design Triangle Limited (DT). Projects Include Rotterdam Metro cab (with CEG & DT) Amsterdam Tram cab (with CEG & DT) STIB Brussels 2000 Tram cab (with CEG & DT) Lantau Express cab for Hong Kong Airport (with CEG & DT) Passenger evacuation Trials for MTRC Tube train cabs for London Underground Platform mirror design for London Underground Train driver emergency escape door Passenger carriage access / egress trials Lantau Express carriage seat / luggage layout (with CEG & DT) Luggage handling systems / aids Carriage seating evaluations for British Rail Driver vision assessments for Tube trains (LRT) Driver emergency evacuation in Tube trains Passenger hand-rail concept development LRV carriage interior concept development Urban tram mirror Design Drivers information display system (DT) Chunnel train carriage visualisation Passenger Seating evaluation for LRV (ICE Ergonomics Ltd. & MTRC) Appraisal of ticket office equipment layouts for PDS Associates and British Rail Inclusive Design Consultancy With recent changes to UK and EU legislation (Disability Discrimination Act 1995) designers are required to pay more careful attention the needs and capabilities of users with various disabilities when developing producs and services. SAMMIE CAD Limited are able to provide support for the design and development of specialised equipment or for the broader based concept of Design for All, whereby users with disabilities are considered as a part of the whole user population. We have been involved in a wide variety of projects covering the design and evaluation of workplaces, equipment, vehicles, transportation, living spaces and access to public buildings and spaces. We conducted a number of projects for Arbejdstilsnyet (Directorate of the Danish Working Environment Service) concerning space and access requirements for specialised accommodation for the disabled. The aim of the work was to determine acceptable space requirements for bedrooms, bathrooms, kitchens and living spaces for use with wheelchairs, mobile lifts and overhead hoists for a variety of user types, i.e. those who were able to use the facilities unassisted, those who required a single assistant and those who required two assistants. The results of the work are currently being incorporated into Danish government building regulations and guidelines for the design of accommodation for the disabled. We have recently completed an 18 month research project, in conjunction with Robert Feeny Associates (RFA), sponsored by the Construction Sponsorship Directorate of the Department of Environment, Transport and the Regions to revise BS5810: 1979 Access for the disabled to buildings and BS5619: 1978 Design of housing for the convenience of disabled people. These deal with design specifications and requirements for public access buildings and services such that they accommodate the needs and capabilities of disabled users. The work will be incorporated into new national building regulations and BS standards. SAMMIE CAD are also collaborating with the Design Ergonomics Group at Loughborough University on various Inclusive Design projects. See the HADRIAN and AUNT-SUE research pages for further details. Projects Include Revision of BS 5810 and 5619 (including:) - Space requirements for car parks - Design of domestic spaces - Access ramps - Doors & Windows - Domestic spaces, kitchens, bathrooms - Public buildings - Public equipment (ATM,Telephones etc) - Service counters ATM design & evaluation Design guideline development for Arbejdstilsnyet - Bathrooms / Toilets - Kitchens - Bedrooms - Recreation Spaces - Mobile Lifts - Ceiling mounted hoists - Adjustable domestic fittings - Assisted tasks Access to trains Wheel chair user zones for train carriages Mobile lift evaluation Bathroom design Toilet design Vehicle access assessment Reach capability assessment Naval and Control Room Consultancy Many system failures attributed to human error are all too often the fault of poor design of control and display systems. Poor human performance may actually be attributed to mismatches between human needs and capabilities, task requirements and activities and the conditions of the working environment. These mismatches can be avoided by the application of ergonomics knowledge and techniques from the earliest stages of design. SAMMIE CAD provide a range of services geared to helping designers of control workstations & centres get it right from the start. We can provide task analyses, workload studies, workstation/workplace design, panel design and layout, display design, environmental design, lighting assessment (and glare control) concept visualisation, HCI & software analysis, user trials of mock-ups, walk-through animation/simulations and operations, equipment and systems specifications. We have been involved in the assessment, design and development of a wide range of control rooms, control centres and control workstations. Projects have covered a diverse range of application areas including marine and sub-marine control centres, naval command centres, airborne control systems, military communications centres, process control rooms, call centres, bank dealing rooms, commercial offices, communications and CCTV surveillance control centres. Projects Include Nuclear submarine power plant control centre (Rolls Royce Associates) Submarine Sonar control/comms centre (Ferranti-Thompson Sonar) Movement & access studies in control centre during crew change overs (FTS) Naval command and control centre (Racal) Bank dealing room (Nat West Bank) Naval Communications Room (ARE) Vision analysis and display configuration for computer workstations (British Telecom) Power station control room concepts (CEGB) Financial workstation design (Watson Wheatley) Steel Mill control room (BHP) Airborne Sonar Control Centre (Westlands) Comparative assessment of Command and Control centres (MOD) Police communications centre Aerospace Consultancy We have conducted a considerable number of design and evaluation projects for aircraft manufacturers, operators and out-fitters. Our services include:-