Unit IV 议论文写作.doc

Unit IV 仪论文的写作要求及范例议论文是以议论为主要表达方式的一种常用文体，它通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非，来表达作者的见解和主张。其写作要求是：观点正确、论据充分、语言精炼、论证合理、有严密的逻辑性。中学英语书面表达所要求的议论文，是一种限定的写作，其论点、论据和论证都比较明确，考生可以结合题目要求，阐述相关的观点，切忌随意发挥。常用的写作方法有对照法、驳论法、归纳法和推理法。议论文的构成要素包括论点、论据、论证三部分。论点解决“证明什么”，论据解决“用什么来证明”，论证解决“怎样证明”。议论文的特点：（1）直接阐述事物的道理，明确表露作者的思想观点；（2）表达方式以议论为主，辅之以说明、叙述等方式；（3）内容重在说明，坚持摆事实讲道理；（4）议论文要有合理的逻辑性；（5）语言应该简练、准确而周严。议论文的结构：（1）开头主要以引论为主。用以引出一个令人关注的问题。（2）主体即为本论部分。该部分是全文的主要部分，是对提出的问题进行分析、推论，运用材料对观点进行论证，使论点得到足够的支持。（3）结尾即结论部分。对主体部分内容作出概括，明确论点所要解决、论证的问题。议论文的写作要求：（1）论点必须正确；（2）文章结构要完整，条理要清楚；（3）语言必须精练、准确、易懂，要以议论为主，恰当地使用叙述、说明、描写等手法。范例1：假如你叫李平，你校高三同学正在开展一场讨论，讨论的主题是：高三学生要不要参加体育锻炼?请你根据下面所提供 的信息,给某英语报社写一封信，介绍讨论情况词数：120词左右55的学生认为1应该每天进行体育锻炼。2可以做早操、打乒乓球、 打篮球，但不要时间太长 3.锻炼能增强体质，减少疾病 4运动使大脑休息，使复习效果更好45 的学生认为1.锻炼浪费时间 2.锻炼使人疲劳 3.运动以后很兴奋，较长时间,不能复习功课 4运动中可能会受伤One possible version:Dear Editor, Im writing to tell you about the discussion weve had about whether the students of Senior 3 should take part in physical exercise. Opinions are divided on the question. About 55% of the students are in favor of this. They believe students must take exercise everyday, such as playing Ping-pong ball, basketball and doing morning exercise. But not for a long time. Taking some exercise is a good way to keep our body healthy, meanwhile it can keep our body away from illness. Whats more , doing some sports also can relax our brains and refresh ourselves. Because of this, we can study better. After all, good health is the first thing, though study is very important. No good health, no study. However, about 45% of students are approved to the idea. They think it will waste our time and doing some sports always makes people tired. Then it is very easy to become excited after doing it, and we cant study carefully in this situation. Worse still, we may get injured when we do some sport 范例2：假设你是Eric，最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论北京动物园是否应迁出市区。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请你给该报写一封信，反映讨论的结果。赞成迁出反对迁出游客多，交通堵塞郊区环境好建于1906年，中外闻名搬迁易造成动物死亡注意：1.词数：120词左右。 2.可根据内容要点适当进行增加细节，使行文连贯。One possible version:Dear editor: Recently, our class have had a heated discussion about whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city. Some of my classmates are in favor of the move. They say large crowds of tourists to the zoo will result in traffic jams. They also say that once moved, animals will have more space and better living conditions in the suburbs. However, other students are against the idea, saying that the Beijing Zoo, built in 1906, has a history of 100 years, and is well-known at home and abroad. So it should remain where it is. Whats more, moving may cause the death of some animals. To move or not, this is a big decision which has to be made by people in Beijing. Yours sincerely， Eric范例3：假设你是一位中学生，叫李华，听说你所居住的城市拟在你市名胜之一的白云山附近修建一座发电站。请给某英语报社写一封信，对这一计划表示反对，并陈述理由。信的内容必须包括以下要点：1 承认发电站将给本市提供充足的电力，促进本市经济发展。2 我和很多市民都反对这一计划。 3 修建发电需要搬迁很多人口和砍伐大量的树木。4 白云山的风景一旦被破坏，将再也无法恢复。要求：1.词数：100词左右。 2.不可逐字翻译，但可适当增加内容，使行文连贯。One possible version:Dear editor: I am a middle school student. I hear that a power station will be built near Baiyun Mountain, a place of interest. We know the power station will provide us with plenty of power and as a result, the local economy will develop rapidly, but many citizens and I are against the plan. To build the power station, many people will have to move away and a great number of trees will have to be cut down. Whats worse, once the scenery of Mt. Baiyun is destroyed, it can never be restored. Therefore, this plan is not good for protecting the environment. We suggest the city government should think over this plan. Yours faithfully, Li Hua范例4：目前，学校存在少数学生作弊的现象。某英文杂志社拟对此现象向中学生征文，标题是“My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations.”请根据下列提示用英语写一篇英文稿。内容要点如下：主要原因考试偏多，偏难不用功，懒惰取悦父母，老师个人看法作弊不对，违反校规要诚信，努力学习(其他看法)One possible version: My Opinion on Cheating in ExaminationsIt is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school. As students, we often take examinations at school, but sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us. On the other hand, some of us are lazy and dont work hard at their lesions. So when taking examinations, they sometimes cheat in order to get better results to please their parents and teachers.In my opinion, it is wrong to cheat in examination because it breaks the rules of schools. We students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard instead of cheating in examinations. Whats more, we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations.范例5：良好的人际关系是建设和谐社会的关键。请你根据下面的提示，用英语写一篇关于交友的文章。1 阐述交友的重要性。2 如何交友：a. 对别人要好，要关心别人；微笑是吸引人的磁铁。b. 不要以貌取人；要设身处地为别人着想。c. 设法记住别人的名字；d. 与别人有分歧时要商量。e. 不要相信那些在危险时刻背叛朋友的人，因为“患难的朋友才是真正的朋友。”One possible version:As we all know, good interpersonal relationship is very important to the harmony of society. You can share your bitterness and joy with a true friend and help each other. It is known to all that a smile is like a magnet that draws people. To make friends, you should try to remember the names of the people you contact and learn not to judge people by their appearances. Besides, you need to be friendly and care about them. Think that you are in the other fellows position and make them feel welcome. Whats more, when disagreement does occur, its wise of you to talk it over to others. Finally, Dont believe those who leave their friends when they are in trouble because “A friend in need is a friend indeed.范例6：对于中学生出国读书，社会对此有不同的看法。请你以Studying Abroad为题，根据以下提供的信息，谈谈自己的看法。优点：1.良好的语言环境，更利于语言学习。2.拓宽视野，学习国外先进的科学技术。3.传播各民族间的不同文化。缺点：1. 年纪小，缺乏生活经验，自理能力差。2. 情感孤独，思乡。3.生活学习费用高。注意：1）第一句已为你写好，不计入总词数。 2）词数100 左右。 3）参考词汇：媒介，中间人 mediatorStudying Abroad In recent years, studying abroad has been popular. One possible version: Studying Abroad In recent years, studying abroad has been popular. Tens of thousands of Chinese students have gone to foreign countries to study. Many people are trying their best to apply to go abroad. There are many advantages in attending schools abroad. First, students who have studied abroad can act as mediators between people of different cultures. Second, we can learn much more advanced knowledge of science and technology from foreign countries. Third, we can learn foreign languages more quickly. However, there are some disadvantages. Most of the students are too young to live by themselves without any living experience. Besides, being far away from their home country, they may feel lonely and homesick. Of course the costs are much.范例7：最近你们学校要举行一次“中学生该不该上网”的讨论。你是赞成者之一，认为我们不应该因噎废食。请根据下表内容写一篇发言篇。益处注意事项1看国内外新闻，获取信息。发e-mail，打电话。3上网络学校，阅读各种书籍，自学外语。4欣赏音乐，观看体育比赛，玩棋牌等游戏，网上购物，丰富我们的生活。5提高我们操作电脑的能力1不要沉湎于（be given to）上网以影响生活和学习。2不要上不健康的网站。One possible version:In my opinion, the Internet is helpful rather than harmful as someone else thinks. As is known to all, the Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life. On the Internet, we can read news at home and from abroad and get as much information as we can. We can send e - mails or make phone calls to our family as well as to our friends. We can also attend the net school, read many books and even teach ourselves English. We can also enjoy music, watch matches and play computer games on the Internet. We can even do shopping on line. Besides, we can improve our ability to operate the computer.But we should not be given to the Internet, or well get our life and study destroyed. Besides, we should keep off the harmful websites. Anyhow, this doesnt prevent the Internet becoming our friend. We cant throw away the apple because of the core, can we?范例8：假设你在自己的班级就校服问题进行了调查（survey）。下面是对部分学生调查的统计表。请你参照该统计表给校报写一篇有关校服问题调查的报告，并简要阐述自己的观点。意见类型百分比原 因赞 同50颜色好，整齐大方，符合年龄特征和学生身份，不盲目赶时髦，能显示平等和谐氛围不赞同30颜色，款式和样式等不能彰显个性无所谓20服从学校安排,并不在意其他因素注意：1报告须包括本调查表中的主要内容，并可以适当增加细节使内容连贯。2词数100字左右。生词：赶时髦follow fashi