vip5---Task1 讲义.doc

Task 1图表作文可分6类，其中4类与数字有关（三图一表）：线，柱，饼，表。流程图和地图与数字无关。Writing Procedureu Read + Plan (3 mins)u Write (16 mins)u Check (1 mins)Scoring CriterionContent； Structure； Words； Sentences Plan Content：1. Comparisons within the chart or between the charts2. Summarize Features, not list data：（Trend；Max / Min；Slope）3. Supporting Data( typical data)4. Report facts, not opinions Structure：Paragraph reader-friendlyMultiple Charts：IntroductionChart 1Chart 2ComparisonSingle Chart：IntroductionFeature 1Feature 2 Conclusion (if needed)Linking Devices (LD)：Between paragraphsBetween featuresWithin sentencesLanguage Requirement：WordCorrect spellingenviroment / environmentWord Levelget / achieve (band 8)Word Variety (Avoid repetition)a good / well-paid / satisfactory / decent jobSentenceGrammatical AccuracyThere is a boy asks you out.Sentence LengthBand 9 : 20+Band 7 : 15Structure VarietyA new challenger comes here.Here comes a new challenger.时态：Simple Present TenseWord替换：chart = graph = diagramline = curve (dot line)bar= columnpietable : -figures = statisticsgive information about=reveal=indicate=demonstrate=show= depict= illustrate the UK=Britainmost popular=favorite / fashionable / stylishcountry=nation=state UK residents to visit= UK travelers / visitors / touristsincrease / rise: decrease / fallgo up : come downclimb : slideascend : declinerocket : collapseStructure VarietyPassive VoiceThe chart shows A. (do)A is shown by the chart. (be done) The line chart reveals visits to and from the UK.Visits to and from the UK are revealed in the line chart.Compound SentenceThe line chart reveals , and the bar graph indicates The line chart reveals , and are indicated in the bar graph.常用词汇Adverbs急剧地：sharply, steeply, dramatically,suddenly，rapidly，swiftly显著地:considerably,significantly,noticeably,remarkably,greatly，vastly 稳步地:steadily, moderately, gradually,smoothly, 轻微地:slightly, slowly, mildly, Numbersabout / around / roughly / more or lessfrom about 12 to 53 million Timefrom 1979 to 1999between 1979 and 1999during the 20 years / two decadesstarting from 1979图表作文经典20句 1. 如图所示，该曲线描述了的波动情况。 As is shown in the graph, the curve shows the fluctuation of . (line)2. 该图展示了在方面的比例关系。 The chart shows the proportion of in (pie, bar)3. 图中的纵轴和横轴分别代表A与B。 The vertical and horizontal axes in the graph stand for A and B respectively. (line, bar)4. 图表中的以为单位。 The in the graph is measured in the unit of 5. 在至期间，基本保持不变。 Over the period from to , the basically remained level. (bar, line,pie)6. A的数量增长了高达100万达到了800万。 The amount of A rose by as much as one million to eight million. 7. 加上2005年的收入，该企业在最近两年的总收入累计达到了近2000万美元。 Combined with the income in 2005, the total income of the enterprise in recent two years has added up to nearly $20 million. 8. 在2005年，A的数量远远/略微大于B，而在2006年两者持平。 The number of A was significantly/marginally more than that of B in 2005, while both numbers remained equal in 2006. 9. 数字剧增至历史新高 The number soared to a record high of (line)上升表达常规用词: increase/rise 特殊用词：rocket/surge 微弱上升：creep up 缓慢上升：climb/edge up 快速上升：boom/increase (rapidly /sharply/dramatically) 暴涨：soar 10. 的数目在年再创新高达到 The number of registered a new high at in 2010 (line)11. 的数目在月达到顶点/最低点，为 The number of reached its peak/ sank to bottom at in 2010 (line)12. 该数据暴跌探底后持续保持平稳。 The figure plunged and bottomed out. (line)下降表达 常规用词: decrease/drop/decline 特殊用词：plummet/collapse 微弱下降：creep down 缓慢下降：edge down 快速下降：decrease (rapidly/sharply/dramatically) 暴跌：plunge, slump13. 该数据探底后持续回升。 The figure sank to its bottom in 2006 and had been recovering since then. (line)14. 该数据攀升至顶点后保持平稳。 The figure mounted and leveled off. (line)15. 尽管在2002年经历了销售额的急剧下滑，但该企业在第二年的销售额却猛增至1000万美元左右。 Although the company saw a slump in sales volume in 2002, the figure soared to around $10 million in the following year. 16. 在2004年, A的总值反超B。 In 2004, the total volume of A overtook that of B. 17. 占了大约百分点。 accounted for / occupy approximately % ( bar, pie)18. 由表格中我们可以发现，大多数企业的收入与其广告预算成正比。 From the table we can find that the incomes of most enterprises were in direct ratio to their respective budget on advertising.“A与B成正/反比”表达 A be in direct/inverse ratio to/with B19. 该图表表明的数目有一个四倍的增长。 The graph shows a fourfold increase in the number of 形容词性“倍的”表达 基数词+fold20. 政府在2003年用于基础设施建设的资金是2002年的两倍。 In 2003, the fund the government spent on infrastructure was twice as much as that in 2002. “A是B的倍”表达A + be + 基数词 + times + as much as BSample 1:The bar chart below shows the passenger kilometres traveled by different means of transport in the UK in 1990 and 2000. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words. The bar chart compares 5 different means of passenger transport in the UK for the years 1990 and 2000 in terms of total passenger kilometers traveled. In 1990, a total of billion passenger kilometers were traveled by UK residents using the surveyed transportation methods, which went up slightly by about 10 billion to reach 110 billion 10 years later. This rise in passenger kilometer number was recorded in air, bus and rail travel but a slight decline was actually found in bicycle and motorbike travel. In this survey, buses and trains were the principal modes of public transport during the last decade in the UK, each with between 40 and 50 billion kilometers traveled. By contrast, the annual distance covered by bicycle, motorbike and air travel only represented an insignificant share, with less than 8 billion passenger kilometers for each. Overall, there was a growth in “mass transit service” in the UK such as air, bus and rail travel during the past decade. Sample 2:The graphs below show the annual expenditure of university students in three countries in 2003. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.15The three pie charts show how university students in three countries spent their money in the year 2003.In general, students in country A spent slightly more than those in country B (US$5000 and US$4500 respectively). In comparison, student expenditure in country C was considerably lower, at only US$1500 per year. Accommodation and food were the two biggest items of expenditure. Altogether they constituted around 60% of the total students expenditure in all the three countries. The difference is that in country A and B accommodation spending exceeded food spending, while the reverse was true for country C.The rest of the students spending was divided among leisure, books and “others”. Leisure spending constituted a larger percentage (around 20%) of student expenditure in both country A and country B, while in country C more money was spent on books (21%) than on leisure (12%).Sample 3:The table below shows the percentage of households with various electronic items in New Zealand in 1995 and 2002. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.You should write at least 150 words. I Electronic GoodsPercentage of households with:19952002washing machine9797Colour TV9498computer4976cell phone1960video recorder7665dish washer4556digital camera239The table demonstrates the changes in the ownership rates of selected consumer electronics in New Zealand households between 1995 and 2002. A comparison of the variation in ownership shows that the listed items fall into three categories. In the first category, significant improvements in the ownership of three items can be observed. Digital cameras were a relatively rare item in 1995, owned by only 2% of New Zealand families, but the percentage rocketed to 39% seven years later. Cell phones were also an increasingly common electronic item. There was an approximately three-fold rise in its ownership from 19% in 1995 to 60% in 2002. In addition, more than three quarters of New Zealand families had a computer, up form a bout half in 1995.On the other hand, three items saw little change or no change. 54% of the households had a dishwasher in 2002, an increase of only 9%. Colour TV was only slightly more prevalent, up from 94% to 98%. Washing machine, however, had the same ownership rates of 97% in both years. In the third category comes video recorder which is the only item that underwent a decline in its ownership, from 76% to 65%. 附录: TASK 1 中的词汇说明趋势：trend, momentum.描述增加、波动、减少和反转：increase, rise, jump, gain, pick up speed, go upfluctuate, maintain, level off; decrease, fall, drop, decline, diminish, slow down；reverse描述变化程度：dramatically, suddenly, significantly, sharply, steeply, wildly, rapidly, slightly, gradually, slowly, steadily. 表示高、底：peak, high (point); bottom, low (point)一 主章开头图表类型：table; chart; diagram; graph; column chart; pie graph描述：show; describe; illustrate; can be seen from; clear; apparent; reveal; represent内容：figure; statistic; number; percentage; proportion二 表示数据一般：have 10%; at 10%;over 10%最高（低）点：peaked; reached a peak/high(point)bottomed out; reached the bottom变化：recover 略有回升； increase; jump; rise/rose; climbdecrease; fall/fell; drop; decline; reducefluctuate 浮动，摇摆不定remained steady/stable; stay the same; little/hardly any /no change变化程度：sudden/suddenly 突然的，意外的rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飞快的，险峻的dramatic/dramatically 戏剧性的，生动的significant/significantly 有意义的，重大的，重要的sharp/sharply 锐利的，明显的，急剧的steep/steeply 急剧升降的steady/steadily 稳固的，坚定不移的gradual/gradually 渐进的，逐渐的slow/slowly 缓慢的，不活跃的slight/slightly轻微的、略微地stable/stably 稳定的表示范围：fromto betweenand for to 多长时间直到表示程度：almost adv. 几乎，差不多nearly adv. 几乎，密切地approximately adv. 近似的，大约about adv. 附近， 大约，转向，左右，周围just over 刚超过over adv. 结束，越过，从头到尾exactly adv. 正确地，严密地precisely adv. 正好 精确地；清晰地比例：20 per cent 20%one in three 1/3one out of every four 1/4三、常用词significant changes 图中一些较大变化noticeable trend 明显趋势during the same period 在同一时期grow/grew 增长distribute 分布，区别unequally 不相等地pronounced 明显的 apparentaverage 平均no doubt 无疑地corresponding adj. 相应的，通讯的represent vt. 阐述，表现overall 总体上讲except 除外in the case of adv. 在的情况下in contrast 相反，大不相同in conclusion adv. 最后，总之in comparison 相比之下inversely adv. 相反地，倒转地in general 通常，大体上，一般而言excessive adj. 过多的，过分的，额外lower v.降低，跌落elapse vi.（时间）过去，消逝category n.种类government policy 政府政策market forces 市场规律measure n. 尺寸，方法，措施 v.估量，调节forecast n. 先见，预见 v. 预测图表作文套句1. The bar chart illustrates that. 该柱状图展示了. 2.The graph provides some interesting data regarding. 该图为我们提供了有关.有趣数据。 3.The diagram shows (that).该图向我们展示了. 4.The pie graph depicts (that).该圆形图揭示了. 5.This is a cure graph which describes the trend of.这个曲线图描述了.的趋势。 6.The figures/statistics show (that).数据（字）表明. 7.The tree diagram reveals how.该树型图向我们揭示了如何. 8.The data/statistics show (that).该数据（字）可以这样理解. 9. The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that. 这些数据资料令我们得出结论. 10. According to the chart/figures.根据这些表（数字）.11.As is shown in the table.如表格所示. 12. As can be seen from the diagram, great changes have taken place in. 从图中可以看出，.发生了巨大变化。 13. From the table/chart/diagram/figure, we can see clearly that.or it is clear/apparent from the chart that. 从图表我们可以很清楚（明显）看到. 14.This is a graph which illustrates.这个图表向我们展示了. 15.This table shows the changing proportion of a & b from. to. 该表格描述了.年到.年间a与b的比例关系。 16. The graph, presented in a pie chart, shows the general trend in. 该图以圆形图形式描述了.总的趋势。 17.This is a column chart showing.这是个柱型图，描述了. 18. As can be seen from the graph, the two curves show the fluctuation of. 如图所示，两条曲线描述了.的波动情况。 19. Over the period from. .to.the.remained level. 在.至.期间，.基本不变。