grammar 学生学案.doc

Grammar（直接引语和间接引语） 一释义：直接引语：直接引用别人的原话,并在原话前后加引号。例：He said: It is too late.间接引语：用自己的话转述他人的话,多数以宾语从句的形式构成。例：He said it was too late. 二直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的变化 1.句式结构上的变化 解题步骤:1）. 陈述句变间接引语时，用that连接, that 无实际意义，可省略。例 :“I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.Sarah said to her friends that she didnt like computers.2）.一般疑问句，选择疑问句变间接引语时，要用陈述语气，并要加连词if或whether。“Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?”, they asked himThey asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.3）.特殊疑问句变间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导。 They asked him “When do you harvest the wheat?”They asked him when he harvested the wheat. 2.时态变化直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致.1） 主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，间接引语时态不变。He says: I bought you a book yesterday.”He says that he bought me a book yesterday.2）.当主句为过去时，从句要跟着相应的变化,变化如下： 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时往前推一个时态 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 不变 过去进行时 不变例如 ：She said: I went to England in 1998.”She said she went to England in 1998. 注意： 1.直接引语为客观真理时，间接引语时态不变，仍用一般现在时。例如：Teacher said tous: The moon moves round the earth.Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth. The teacher saidto us: “Light travels faster than sound.”Theteacher saidthatlighttravels faster thansound.2.直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时，间接引语仍用一般过去时。 3.人称的变化“一主、二宾、三不变”直接引语里的第一人称和第二人称，变间接引语时，人称要做相应调整。例如：直接引语 She said:“ I am hungry。”间接引语 She said she was hungry.直接引语 Mum said to me:“ You can clean your bedroom tomorrow.”间接引语 Mum told me that I could clean my bedroom the next day .Mr. Smith said，“He is a good worker. Mr. Smith said that he was a good worker. 4.其他变化 直接引语 间接引语 指示代词 this, these that, those时间状语 now, today this week yesterday last week four days ago tomorrow next month then, that day that week the day before the week before four days before the next day the next month 地点状语 here there 方向性动词 come, bring go , take Summary： 直接引语 间接引语 句式结构 陈述句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 祈使句宾语从句宾语从句 that引导 if/whether 引导 原疑问词引导 ask / told sb to do sth 语序 疑问句 陈述句语序 时态 1.主句为现在时态 2.主句为过去时态 时态不变 往前推一个时态 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 与主句主语人称一致 与主句宾语人称一致 不变 其他 TEST: 1.“I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. She said that very glad to visit our school. 2. Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music.” Tom said that listening to the pop music. 3. Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?” Mother asked me finished my homework before I watched TV. 4. He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?” He asked the conductor get off to change to a No. 3 bus. 5. “Why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked. The teacher asked to go th