中国科学院博士研究生入学考试英语试卷.doc

中 国 科 学 院博 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试英 语 试 卷2005年10月-考生须知:一、本试卷由试卷一 (PAPER ONE) 和试卷二 (PAPER TWO) 两部分组成。试卷一为客观题，答卷使用标准化机读答题纸；试卷二为主观题，答卷使用非机读答题纸。二、请考生一律用HB或2B铅笔填涂标准化机读答题纸，划线不得过细或过短。修改时请用橡皮擦拭干净。若因填涂不符合要求而导致计算机无法识别，责任由考生自负。请保持机读答题纸清洁、无折皱。答题纸切忌折叠。三、全部考试时间总计180分钟，满分为100分。时间及分值分布如下：试卷一：I 词汇15分钟 10分II 完型填空15分钟 15分III阅读 80分钟 40分小计 110 分钟 65 分试卷二：V 英译汉30分钟 15分VI 写作40分钟 20分小计70分钟 35分THE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCESENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAMINATION FOR DOCTORAL CANDIDATESOctober 2005PAPER ONEPART I VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each)Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. Many people believe reckless drivers are treated too _.A. hardly B. tenderly C. leniently D. friendly2. After more than two hours of heated argument, the judge adjourned the _ until next Tuesday. A. gathering B. hearingC. meeting D. suing3. The dog was so _ that his master hung a weight from his neck. A. suspicious B. miserable C. mischievous D. spoiled4. She was repairing Billys trousers, where the _ had come undone. A. edge B. seam C. line D. rim5. About a century ago, the Swedish physical scientist Arrhenius proposed a law of classical chemistry that _ chemical reaction rate _ temperature. A. relatesto B. regardsas C. representsby D. contributesto 6. She had resolved not to make any _ to their marriage unless he raised the question.A. allusion B. assumptionC. inflammation D. inclusion7. Our flagrant disregard for the law attacks the _ of this society.A. layer B. essence C. foundation D. framework8. He who permits himself to tell a lie once, finds it much easier to do it a second and a third time until _ it becomes habitual.A. at once B. at length C. at end D. at times9. You solemnly advised them so as to return them to your law, but they behaved _ and did not obey your commandments.A. presumptuously B. presumptively C. profoundly D. presumably10. The government was forced to _ extra funds for the new airport.A. leave off B. sign away C. set aside D. hold up11. After the vocal concert, the clean-up crew found the campus _ with candy wrappers, bottles and cans. A. covered B. scattered C. dispersed D. littered 12. The firemen came to their _ soon after they received the emergency call. A. safeguard B. security C. safety D. rescue13. The architect must respond to the cultural concerns of society _ and pay attention to the functional and aesthetic aspect of the buildings. A. at large B. at heart C. at most D. at best14. The earthquake was followed by two _ shakings. A. attached B. consistent C. successive D. precedent15. The sugar plant was forced to _ 1,100 black workers because people in the US and Canada would not buy South African products. A. let down B. lay off C. wipe out D. take on16. If you insist on carrying out this mad experiment, you will have to _ the consequences. A. run into B. choke back C. bear out D. answer for17. The advancement of ironworking in the United States put an end to this menace,much to the _ of both passengers and railroad employees alike. A. discontent B. dismay C. relief D. glory18. All of you will be wise to remember that Miss Trunchbull deals very severely with anyone who gets _ in this school. A. off the track B. out of standard C. out of line D. off focus19. Dismissals are likely to be fair _ that the employer can show a good business reason for the move and that adequate consultation took place. A. so B. for C. viewing D. provided20. This has been forwarded to us in _ by the FBI and you are asked to treat the information accordingly.A. confidence B. mystery C. dark D. expressPART IICLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points)Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given below. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.To its fans, it is addictive. To the media, it is a promising money-maker. Sudoku, an old puzzle long popular in Japan is fast _21_ popularity the world over. In Britain, a sudoku book is a bestseller and national newspapers are competing _22_ to publish the most, and the most fiendish, puzzles. _23_, the puzzle is being published in newspapers from Australia to Croatia to America. Even the New York Times is considering introducing sudoku in its Sunday magazine, _24_ its venerated crossword. The games _25_ is that its rules are as simple as its solution is complex. On a board of nine-by-nine _26_ most of them empty, players must fill in each one with a number _27_ each row (left to right), column (top to bottom) and block (in bold lines) _28_ 1 to 9. Advanced _29_ use bigger boards or add letters from the alphabet. Sudokuthe Japanese word combines “number” and “single”seems perfectly _30_ to modern times, a puzzle for an era when people are more _31 than literate. And like globalism itself, sudoku transcends borders by _32_ no translation. The overall _33_ of puzzles is hard to measure but revenues in America from magazines, syndicated newspaper sales, books, and online and phone services are almost $200m annually. The New York Times earns millions of dollars a year from its crosswords and hundreds of thousands _34_ a special phone service that provides _35_ Over 30,000 people pay $35 a year for the newspapers e-mail version.21. A. missing B. starting C. losing D. gaining 22. A. casually B. randomly C. pretentiously D. feverishly 23. A. Consequently B. Meanwhile C. Eventually D. Nevertheless24. A. except B. alongside C. aside D. besides25. A. drawbackB. imagination C. appeal D. contradiction26. A. points B. cubes C. boxes D. squares27. A. so that B. in that C. by that D. for that28. A. completesB. contains C. counts D. concludes29. A. books B. copies C. rules D. versions 30. A. suited B. convertible C. switched D. feasible31. A. literary B. numerous C. numerate D. confused32. A. acquiring B. requiring C. requesting D. enquiring33. A. drawbackB. business C. design D. difficulty34. A. from B. of C. with D. by35. A. pins B. codes C. hints D. bookingsPART III READING COMPREHENSION Section A (60 minutes, 30 points)Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage One It is hard to imagine a large city without policemen, but such was the situation in London in the early part of the eighteenth century. There was no organized police force to apprehend criminals. There were public watchmen, but they were generally feeble old men, unfit for more strenuous assignment.There were also constables appointed to keep the peace. The position of constable was an honor, given only to trustworthy men. The constable was unpaid, however. It was part of the constables duty to raise the “hue and cry” after an escaping criminal. On hearing the hue and cry all passersby were supposed to join in the pursuit, but in practice, not many passersby could be persuaded to help. It was too dangerous a task, and the constable was unarmed.Working behind most of the thieves were the receivers of stolen property, who had organized the thieves and rogues into gangs. One gang robbed on the main roads into London, one covered the churches, and one covered entertainments and public functions. One of the most notorious receivers, Jonathan Wild, set up a special brigade that would find employment as servants and then pilfer from the household or open the doors at night for other robbers to enter. He had a staff of mechanics for altering watches and jewelry, warehouses to store the loot, and a sloop to convey certain stolen goods to the Continent, where they could be sold in safety.The authorities might have taken stronger steps against Wild had he not been so useful as a thief taker. He knew every criminal, as he employed most of them himself. Whenever it suited his purpose, he would hand a man over to the authorities for hanging. This also provided Wild with a very effective means of controlling his men. Everyman knew that if he disobeyed the boss he would be betrayed and would quickly find himself on the gallows.It was novelist Henry Fielding, who was also a London magistrate, who finally thought of equipping regular patrols with arms and uniforms and sending them out to police the streets of London. His half brother, Sir John Fielding, organized these first “patrols”. At first these groups were financed by rich citizens, who were willing to pay for their security, but later they were taken over by the government. The Fieldings “patrols” became a real police force.36. The first constables in London in the early part of the 18th century were _.A. respected citizensB. paid officialsC. old peopleD. professional policemen37. Most passersby did not join in the hue and cry because they were _.A. on the criminals sideB. afraid of dangersC. not so quick in reactionD. used to the situation38. Wild made money by _.A. solving cases of theftB. searching for lost propertyC. commanding robbers and thievesD. stealing peoples property himself39. Wild organized a special group to _.A. help him take care of houseworkB. dispose watches and jewelryC. dispose unwanted itemsD. commit burglary40. The authorities let Wild alone because _.A. he sometimes turned wanted criminals over to themB. his turn of being dealt with had not yet comeC. no one was brave enough to go after himD. he bribed the officials all the time41. Henry Fielding got the idea for a police force when he _.A. wrote a detective novelB. served as an officialC. once helped a victimD. received private fundingPassage Two Once it was possible to sum up trends in American art with a few proper phrases“abstract, gestural painting” could have served at one point, or “return to figuration” at another. Today it is much more difficult to identify the dominant approach with anywhere near this kind of precision. In part, this is because art has changed, in part because the world has changed. Nevertheless, I believe that there are sets of tendencies that art today is following. But first of all, it might be helpful to look more closely at the idea of “American art.” This apparently simple category is actually much more complex than it appears. The conviction that there is such a thing as “American style” painting or sculpture that reflects some typically “American” quality was once an absolute belief of modernist art criticism. Today, however, “American art” is no longer a simple matter of geography, national origin, or point of view. Instead, the globalization of markets, the ease of international communication, and the movement of artists from one country to another have all contributed to an art world without firm concepts of national identity. It is common for artists to list multiple countries as their home.This fluidity is an important element in any discussion of American art today. The evaporation of the borders between nations, at least in the field of art, mirrors the disappearance of all kinds of other boundaries as well. Hardly anyone worries about the unique characteristics of painting and sculpture any more. Just as artists move around the globe, they jump effortlessly across media, producing work that simultaneously incorporates not only traditional materials but also digital technology, photography, performance, music, film, and video. Similarly, “public art” once meant a massive sculpture set on a public square. Now public art is just as likely to appear on the Internet or to involve small groups of community members working together on a project of local interest. Equally changed is the old idea that art should confine itself to its own sphere. Artists today incorporate science, politics, religion, architecture, and ecology into their work and hope to have impact that stretches far beyond the gallery walls.42. By mentioning “return to figuration”, the author shows that _.A. we were able to identify the tendencies of American art in the past B. figuration is the solution to the problem with American art C. American art is repeating its history D. figuration will become the characteristics of American art 43. Compared with the past, it is now more difficult to _.A. produce characteristic art worksB. discover devoted artistsC. present art works to the publicD. characterize American art 44. In the past, “American art” _A. was a variable conceptB. was an explicit concept C. was not widely acknowledged abroadD. was not properly practiced by artists45. The second paragraph implies that todays artists often _.A. take pride in holding exhibitions in AmericaB. stress the commercial value of their art workC. prefer to live in foreign countries D. have variable national conceptions 46. By mentioning painting and sculpture together, the author implies that people believe_.A. they are causing controversyB. they are becoming popularC. there is no need to tell them apart D. it may be necessary to preserve their traditions 47. The passage tells us that todays artists produce works by means of _.A. becoming good photographersB. changing the definition of fluidityC. creating boundariesD. applying various media 48. What can be learned about artists in modern societies? A. They hope to expand the world of art. B. They are eager to promote art in streets. C. They regard technology as their most important tool.D. They believe that art should confine itself to its own sphere.Passage Three Charles Paul and his wife, Hazel, stopped using the motor home they bought several years ago; it sits idle behind their house in Richardson, Texas. Travel is just one sacrifice they made to pay for the cost of their prescriptions, more than a dozen medications for the two of them. They found relief by switching drugstores, to one in nearby McKinney. A prescription for Pauls diabetes had cost $ 89.88 when he got it from a national chain but dropped down to $58 from McKinneys Smith Drug.Smith, which claims to be the oldest drugstore in Texas, has been getting a lot of attention since a Dallas newspaper touted its astoundingly low prices. The overwhelming response from the public has been “a little scary,” says co-owner Kaylei Mosier. She says the store simply marks each prescription up enough to cover its costs, but for many prescriptions thats a lot lower than at other stores.The Smith Drug story has highlighted a little-known fact: prescription prices vary from city to city and block to block, and a little research can save consumers hundreds or thousands of dollars. Insurance copays can make these differences invisible, but theyre a huge deal to the 45 million uninsured Americans.Why the price swings? Howard Schiff, executive director of the Maryland Pharmacists Association, explains that pharmacies generally buy their drugs from a wholesaler, who doesnt sell to every drugstore at the same price. Once the drug is in the pharmacy, each owner chooses how much to mark it up. Because fewer than 10 percent of consumers comparison-shop for prescriptions the way they might for a quart of milkand drug prices generally are not advertisedpharmacies dont worry that higher prices will drive people away, says Stanford economist Alan Scorensen.There is a downside to hopping from drugstore to drugstore. If people price-shop, theyre going to lose some protection that comes from having one pharmacy track all your medications. Going to many pharmacies keeps one pharmacist from noticing potentially harmful interactions between prescriptions. Comparison-shopping is further complicated because pharmacies that have the best price on one drug dont usually have the lowest prices across the board, so finding a good price on one drug at a pharmacy does not guarantee a cheaper total bill.49. Charles and his wife havent traveled for long because _.A. their motor home was not in good conditionB. they wanted to save for medicinesC. they have been too weak to do soD. they didnt get their doctors permission50. We learn that the oldest drugstore in Texas, Smith, _.A. surprises people when its low prices are reportedB. sells prescriptions at a prices below their costsC. is an unprofitable businessD.