河北省常州市高考英语完形填空和阅读理解一轮练习（7）.doc

河北省常州市2016高考英语完形填空和阅读理解一轮练习（7）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a.b.c和d项中，选出最佳选项。 “the first and best of victories is for a man to conquer himself; to be conquered by himself is, of all things, the most shameful,” says plato. self-control is at the root of all the advantages. let a man give in to his impulses(冲动) and feelings, and from that moment he gives up his moral(道德) freedom.a single angry word has lost many friends. when socrates found in himself any temper or anger, he would check it by speaking low in order to control himself. if you are conscious of being angry, keep your mouth shut so that you can hold back rising anger. many a person has dropped dead in great anger. fits of anger bring fits of disease. “whoever the gods would destroy they first make them mad.” “keep cool,” says webster, “anger is not argument.” “be calm in arguing,” says george herbert, “for fierceness(狂怒) makes error a fault.” to be angry with a weak man is to prove that you are not strong yourself. “anger,” says pythagoras, “brings with folly and ends with regret.” you must measure the strength of a man by the power of the feelings he conquers, not by the power of those which conquer him. self-control is mans last and greatest victory. if a man lacks self-control he seems to lack everything. without it he can have no patience, no power to govern himself; he can have no self-confidence, for he will always be controlled by his strongest feeling. if he lacks self-control, the very backbone and nerve of character are lacking also. (from )1. whats the main idea of the passage?a. the importance of self- control. b. how to conquer oneself?c. the relation between a mans moral freedom and his feelings.d. a man should keep cool.2. whats the meaning of “whoever the gods would destroy they first make them mad”?a. if you are mad, the gods will kill you.b. if you lose your temper first, gods will kill you first.c. if you cant control yourself, you will be crazy.d. if the gods want to kill you, they will make you mad first.3. which of the following is not true, according to passage?a. the first and best of victories is for a man to conquer himself.b. you will make a small mistake serious if you dont keep cool.c. you must measure a mans strength by the power of the feelings which conquer him.d. anger brings with folly and ends with regret. 4. which of the following cant help you avoid anger, according to the passage?a. be calm in arguing. b. check your temper or anger by speaking low.c. keep your mouth shut. d. try to make the other angry first.1. a 主旨大意题。根据文章第 1 段的第 2 句 self-control is at the root of all the advantages 及全文的内容可知，本文的大意是“自控的重要性”。故答案选 a。2. d 语义理解题。根据上文 you can hold back rising anger. many a person has dropped dead in great anger. fits of anger bring fits of disease 可知答案选 d。3. c 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第 3 段的最后一句 you must measure the strength of a man by the power of the feelings he conquers, not by the power of those which conquer him 可知，选项 c 与之矛盾。故答案选 c。4. d 推理判断题。根据文章第 2 段的第 2 句和第 3 句以及最后一句可以排除选项 a、b、c，从而得出答案为 d。社会生活型阅读理解。we all know what it is like to be unable to turn your head because of a cold in the muscles (肌肉) of your neck, or because an unexpected twist(扭曲)has made your neck ache. the slightest move makes you jump with pain. nothing could be worse than a pain in the neck. that is why we use the phrase to describe some people who give you the same feeling. we have all met such people.one is the man who always seems to be clapping his handsoften at the wrong timeduring a performance in the theatre. he keeps you from hearing the actors.even worse are those who can never arrive before the curtain goes up and the play begins. they come hurrying down to your row of seats. you are comfortably settled down, with your hat and heavy coat in your lap. you must stand up to let them pass. you are proud of yourselfcontrol after they have settled into their seatswell, what nowgod, one of them is up again. he forgot to go to the mens room, and once more you have to stand up, hanging on to your hat and coat to let him pass. now, that is “a_pain_in_the_neck”another, wellknown to us all, is the person sitting behind you in the movies. his mouth is full of popcorn (爆米花); he is chewing(嚼)loudly, or talking between bites to friends next to him. none of them remain still. up and down, back and forth, they gofor another bag of popcorn, or something to drink.then, there is the man sitting next to you at lunch, smoking. he wants you to enjoy it too, and blows smoke across your food into your mouth.we must not forget the man who comes into a bus or subway and sits down next to you, just as close as you will let him. you are reading the newspaper and he gets closer so that he can read the paper with you. he may even turn the paper to the next page before you are ready for it.we also call such a person a “rubber neck”， always getting close to where it does not belong, like neighbours who watch all your visitors. they enjoy learning about your personal business. people have a strong dislike for “rubber necks”. they hate being watched secretly.1. where can you find this passage?a. in a medicine dictionary. b. in a kids story book. c. in a social science book. d. in a science textbook.2. according to the passage, how do you feel when late comers walk back and forth in front of you in a cinema?a. disturbed. b. bored. c. ignored. d. relaxed.3. a “rubber neck” often _a. says bad words behind people b. quarrels face to face with neighboursc. bargains with salespeople over the price d. asks about other peoples business4. which of the following persons cannot be described as a “pain in the neck”？a. someone who often claps at the wrong time during a performance.b. someone who feels ache in his neck due to a cold in the muscles.c. someone who sits next to you smoking, which you never enjoy. d. someone who keeps eating or talking all through the movies. 5what is the main purpose of the author? ato tell people what might be bad manners in public.bto criticize (批评) the people who might be a “pain in the neck”. cto show anger to those who are described as a “pain in the neck”. dto tell people how to stop the pain in the neck.【要点综述】 文章介绍了一些在公共场合不礼貌的行为，可以把有这些行为的人比喻成“pain in the neck”。1c 推理判断题。这篇文章讲述了一些在社交场合让人不舒服的行为，所以本文应该是出自一本社交科学的书，故选c项。2a推理判断题。从第四段的句子“you must stand up to let them pass. you are proud of yourselfcontrol after they have settled into their seats”可知，这种行为让你感觉很厌烦，故选a项。3d细节理解题。从最后一段的“they enjoy learning about your personal business.”可知，rubber neck是喜欢打探别人隐私的人，故选d项。4b细节理解题。文章介绍的 pain in the neck 的人是从行为上让人厌烦的，不是真的有颈椎病的人，故选b项。5a 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了一些在公共场合不礼貌的行为，故选a项。 高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项。a popular saying goes, “sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” however, thats not really true. words have the power to build us up or tear us down. it doesnt matter if the words come from someone elses or ourselves - the positive and negative effects are just as lasting. we all talk to ourselves sometimes. were usually too embarrassed to admit it, though. in fact, we really shouldnt be because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit.this “self-talk” helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solve problems, and calm ourselves down. be aware, though, that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative. so in order to stay positive, we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves. we should also be quick to give ourselves a pat on the back. the next time you finish a project, do well in a test, or finally clean your room, join me in saying “good job!”often, words come out of our mouths without us thinking about the effect they will have. but we should be aware that our words cause certain responses in others. for example, when returning an item to a store, we might use warm, friendly language during the exchange. and the clerk will probably respond in a similar manner. or harsh（刻薄的）and critical language will most likely cause the clerk to be defensive.words possess power because of their lasting effect. many of us regret something we once said. and we remember unkind words said to us! before speaking, we should always ask ourselves: is it loving? is it needed? if what we want to say doesnt pass this test, then its better left unsaid.words possess power: both positive and negative. those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. we can offer hope, build self-esteem（自尊）and motivate others to do their best. negative words destroy all those things. will we use our words to hurt or to heal? the choice is ours.1. the main idea of the first paragraph is that _.a. words have a lasting effect on us b. not sticks and stones but words will hurt usc. inspiring words give us confidence d. negative words may let us down答案解析：答案为a。本题考查段落大意。段落大意一般通过段落的topic sentence来体现，第一段的最后一句话 “the positive and negative effects are just as lasting.” 即为该段的 topic sentence, 故a选项正确.。2. there is no sense for us to feel embarrassed when we talk to ourselves because _.a. it does no harm to have “self-talk” when we are aloneb. almost everybody has the habit of talking to themselvesc. we can benefit from talking to ourselvesd. talking to ourselves always gives us courage答案解析：答案为c。本题为推理题。由第三段 “this “self-talk” helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solve problems, and calm ourselves down. be aware, though, that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative. so in order to stay positive, we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves.”可知，虽然77%的自言自语是消极的，但是自言自语可以激发我们，帮助我们记住事情、解决问题和使我们保持镇定。为了保持积极，我们对自己应该只讲鼓励的话语。由此可推断，自言自语让我们收益。故c选项正确，a选项错误。b选项只是一种现象，不是原因，d选项显得绝对，故均不选。3the underlined part in the third paragraph means that we should also occasionally _.a. give ourselves amusement b. praise ourselves c. remind ourselves d. make ourselves relaxed答案解析：答案为b。本题为句意推断题。结合划线部分的下文 “the next time you finish a project, do well in a test, or finally clean your room, join me in saying good job!” 可知，当我们完成了任务，考试考得好，或者打扫完房间后，要对自己说“干得好！”，故可推断划线部分应该意为表扬我们自己。4the author would probably hold the view that _.a. it is better to think twice before talking to others b. encouraging words are sure to lead to kind offersc. negative words may stimulate us to make more progressd. people tend to remember friendly words答案解析：答案为a。由倒数第二段 “before speaking, we should always ask ourselves: is it loving? is it needed? if what we want to say doesnt pass this test, then its better left unsaid.” 可知，作者认为在我们讲话前要想一想所讲的话受人喜欢吗？受人需要吗？如果不是这样，就最好不要讲。再结合最后一段，话语有着积极和消极的力量，因此我们讲话一定要小心。故答案为a，最好三思而后言。完形填空。for thousands of millions of years the moon has been going round the earth.at that time，the moon was the _1_ satellite(卫星)of the earth.today，_2_，the earth has many other satellites.all of them are _3_ by man.these manmade satellites are very much smaller than the moon.however，some of them will still be going _4_ the earth thousands of years from now. manmade satellites dont _5_ because they are going too fast to do so.as they speed along，they _6_ to go straight off into space.they _7_ out of the earth，or its gravity，which _8_ them from doing this.as a result，they travel in an orbit(轨道)round the earth.if a manmade satellite travels about at a certain height，it can keep going _9_ round the earth，just like the moon.this is _10_ it is above the atmosphere(大气)，and there is nothing to _11_ it down.if it travels _12_ than that，it will be slowed down so much that it will _13_ the earth. men have _14_ spaceships to the moon and to the two _15_ planets mars(火星) and venus(金星)by putting a camera on _16_ the spaceship to the moon，men have been able to _17_ photographs of the other side of the moon.this side is always _18_ from us as the moon _19_ the earth.the _20_ were later transmitted by radio to the earth.they showed that the other side of the moon is very much the same as the side that turns towards us.1a.first bsecond clast donly答案：d从常识以及下文的many other satellites可知在人造卫星之前月亮是地球唯一(only)的卫星。 2a.then bhowever cthough dso答案：b