英美文学作家介绍英文.doc

文艺复兴时期威廉莎士比亚William Shakespeare(1564-1616)As the spokesman of English Renaissance, William Shakespeare is one of the most remarkable playwrights and poets the world has ever known. With his 38 plays, 154 sonnets and 2 long poems, he has established his giant position in world literature. Hamlet, the summit of Shakespeares art, is the profoundest expression of his humanism and his criticism of contemporary life.弗朗西斯培根Francis Bacon(1561-1626)As a representative of the Renaissance in England, Bacon was the founder of modern science of England and the first English essayist. His essays cover a wide variety of subjects. They have won popularity for their precision, clearness, brevity and force. Of Studies is the most popular of Bacons 58 essays. Forceful and persuasive, compact and precise, Of Studies reveals to us Bacons mature attitude towards learning.埃德蒙斯宾塞Edmund Spencer(1552-1599)Spencer was recognized as the “Poets poet” by his contemporaries and had great influence on a number of great English poets in the later centuries. His greatest work, The Faerie Queene, was written in Spenserian stanza, which was a popular verse form invented by him. The principle intention is to present through a “historical poem” the example of a perfect gentleman.浪漫主义时期威廉布莱克William Blake(1758-1827)Blake is regarded as a Pre-Romantic or a forerunner of the Romantic poetry of the 19th century, who proclaimed the supremacy of the imagination over the rationalism and materialism. In his masterpiece Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience, the world is seen from a childs point of view, but the poems also function as parables of adult experience.威廉华兹华斯William Wordsworth (1770-1850)William Wordsworth was the leading figure of the English romantic poetry. His poems are mainly about the beauty of nature and its relationship with all human beings. His best-known work Lyrical Ballads marked the beginning of the Romantic revival in England. Its preface served as the manifesto of the English Romantic movement in poetry. He, together with Coleridge and Southey, has often been mentioned as the “Lake Poets”.拉尔夫瓦尔多爱默生Ralph Waldo Emerson（1803-1882）Emerson was the chief spokesman of New England Transcendentalism, which is unanimously agreed to be the summit of the romantic period in the history of American literature. He greatly influenced religion and philosophy, especially with his idea of Transcendentalism, which said that Gods nature was in every person and thing. Emersons essay Nature explains Transcendentalism as the unity of nature.现实主义查尔斯狄更斯Charles Dickens(1812-1870)Dickens was one of the greatest critical realist writers of the Victorian Age. The greatness of Dickens is that he had the ability to sustain interest through all kinds of literary devices. He is a great humorist and satirist and his novels are characterized by a mingling of humor and pathos. His masterpiece Great Expectations is a satire upon the society and those people who dream to enter the higher society.马克吐温Mark Twain(1835-1910)Mark Twain is the leading US humorous writer of the 19th century, who is considered the father of American literature. In his books Twain shaped the worlds view of America and made an extensive combination of American folk humor and serious literature. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is Twains most representative work, describing a journey down the Mississippi undertaken by Huck and Jim.亨利詹姆斯Henry James(1843-1916)Henry James was the forerunner of the “stream of consciousness” literature. A recurring theme in his fiction is the conflict between the European and American world views. The Portrait of A Lady is generally considered to be his masterpiece, which incarnates the clash between the Old World and the New in the life journey of an American girl in a European cultural environment.自然主义托马斯哈代Tomas Hardy(1840-1928)Tomas Hardy was an outstanding novelist as well as a poet. His best local-colored works, known as “novels of character and environment”, are the most representative of him as both a naturalistic and a critical realist writer. Tess of DUrbervilles is Hardys most well known novel, which portraits the tragic lot of a poor country girl ruined by the bourgeois society.西奥多德莱塞Theodore Dreiser(1871-1945)Dreiser was one of the most significant American writers of naturalism. His works are often about poor people with unhappy lives. He was opposed to the idea of the American dream of success. In Sister Carrie Dreiser expressed his naturalistic pursuit by expounding the purposelessness of life and attacking the conventional moral standards.斯蒂芬克莱恩Stephen Crane（18711900）Crane was a pioneer writing in the naturalistic tradition and also a pioneer in the field of modern poetry. Cranes fictional world is a naturalistic one in which man is deprived of free will and expects no help from any quarter whatever. Maggie: A Girl of the Streets relates the story of a good womans downfall and destruction in a slum environment.现代主义TS爱略特T. S. Eliot (1888-1965)T. S. Eliot was a leader of the modernist movement in English poetry and a great innovator of verse technique, who was awarded the British Order of Merit and the Nobel Prize for literature in 1948. His masterpiece The Waste land is a poem which is regarded as being primarily a reflection of the 20th-century peoples disillusionment and frustration in a sterile and futile society.D. H.劳伦斯D. H. Lawrence（1885-1930）D. H. Lawrence was one of the literary giants of the modern period. The major theme of all his writings is human relationships in the modern world where natural harmony has been destroyed by industry and modernization. In the autobiographical novel Sons and Lovers, the detailed description of the human relationships shows the influence of Freuds theory of psychoanalysis, especially that of the “Oedipus complex.”詹姆斯乔伊斯James Joyce(1882-1941)James Joyce was regarded as the most prominent stream-of-consciousness novelist, concentrating on revealing in his novels the psychic being of the characters. His masterpiece Ulysses presents a realistic picture of the modern wasteland, which modern men are searching in vain for harmonious human relationships and spiritual sustenance in a decaying world.后现代主义塞缪尔贝克特Samuel Beckett(1906-1989)Samuel Beckett was an Irish playwright, novelist, poet and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature. His plays are concerned with human suffering and survival, and his characters are struggling with meaninglessness and the world of the Nothing. His famous two-act play Waiting for Godot is regarded as an important and symbolic play of the futility and nothingness of human life, a pessimistic attitude towards life.约瑟夫海勒Joseph Heller(1923-1999)Heller was an American